Ukuxela kunye nokuSinda kweMilinganiselo yeMelanoma ngenqanaba?

Umxholo

• Iingongoma eziphambili
• Yintoni i-melanoma?
• I-melanoma ihlelwa njani?
• Inqanaba 0
• Inqanaba 1
• Inqanaba 2
• Inqanaba 3
• Inqanaba 4
• Amaxabiso okusinda
• Yiba nenxaxheba

Iingongoma eziphambili

• Kukho amanqanaba amahlanu e-melanoma ukusuka kwinqanaba 0 ukuya kwinqanaba 4.
• Amanqanaba okusinda aqikelelwa nje kwaye awugqibi kwisigqibo somntu othile.
• Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kukonyusa amazinga okusinda.

Yintoni i-melanoma?

I-Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza oqala kwiiseli zolusu ezenza i-pigment melanin. I-Melanoma ihlala iqala njengemole emnyama kulusu. Nangona kunjalo, inokubumba nakwezinye izicwili, ezifana neliso okanye umlomo.

Kubalulekile ukugcina iso kwi-moles kunye neenguqu kwisikhumba sakho, njengoko i-melanoma ingaba yingozi xa isasazeka. Kwakukho abantu abangaphezu kwama-10 000 abasweleka kwi-melanoma e-United States ngo-2016.

I-melanoma ihlelwa njani?

Amanqanaba e-Melanoma abelwa inkqubo ye-TNM.

Inqanaba lesi sifo libonisa ukuba umhlaza uqhubele phambili kangakanani ngokuthathela ingqalelo ubungakanani besisu, nokuba sinwenwe kwii-lymph node, nokuba sinwenwele kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ugqirha unokuchonga i-melanoma enokwenzeka ngexesha lokuhlolwa komzimba kwaye aqinisekise ukuxilongwa nge-biopsy, apho izicubu zisuswe khona ukuze zichonge ukuba ingaba ngumhlaza na.

Kodwa itekhnoloji ephucukileyo, enje ngokuskena kwe-PET kunye ne-sentinel lymph node biopsies, ziyimfuneko ukumisela isigaba somhlaza okanye ukuba sihambele phambili kangakanani.

Kukho amanqanaba amahlanu e-melanoma. Isigaba sokuqala sibizwa isigaba 0, okanye i-melanoma in situ. Inqanaba lokugqibela libizwa ngokuba linqanaba lesi-4. Amaxabiso okusinda ancipha ngamanqanaba okugqibela e-melanoma.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amazinga okusinda kwinqanaba ngalinye ziingqikelelo nje. Umntu ngamnye one-melanoma wahlukile, kwaye indlela ojonga ngayo iyahluka ngokwamanani ohlukeneyo.

Inqanaba 0

Inqanaba 0 le-melanoma likwabizwa ngokuba yi-melanoma in situ. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho uneemelanocytes ezingaqhelekanga. IiMelanocytes ziiseli ezivelisa i-melanin, eyinto leyo eyongeza i-pigment kulusu.

Okwangoku, iiseli zinokuba ngumhlaza, kodwa ziiseli ezingaqhelekanga kumaleko ophezulu wesikhumba sakho.

I-Melanoma in situ inokubonakala ngathi i-mole encinci. Nangona zinokubonakala zingenabungozi, nawaphi na amanqaku amatsha okanye abukrokrisayo kulusu lwakho kufuneka avavanywe ngugqirha wolusu.

Inqanaba 1

Kwinqanaba, i-tumor ifike kwi-2 mm ubukhulu. Inokuthi okanye ibe nesilonda, ebonisa ukuba i-tumor iphule ngesikhumba. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi okanye kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.

Kwinqanaba 0 kunye nenqanaba 1, utyando lolona nyango luphambili. Kwinqanaba loku-1, i-sentinel node biopsy inokucetyiswa kwezinye iimeko.

Inqanaba 2

Isigaba sesi-2 se-melanoma sithetha ukuba ithumba lingaphezulu kwe-1 mm ubukhulu kwaye inokuba nkulu okanye ikhule nzulu esikhumbeni. Isenokuba nezilonda okanye ingabi nazilonda. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi okanye kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.

Ugqirha lokususa ithumba elinomhlaza sisicwangciso sonyango esiqhelekileyo. Ugqirha unokuyalela i-sentinel lymph node biopsy ukumisela ukuqhubela phambili komhlaza.

Inqanaba 3

Okwangoku, ithumba linokuba lincinci okanye libe likhulu. Kwinqanaba 3 le-melanoma, umhlaza usasazekile kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Ayinwenwanga kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.

Utyando lokususa izicwili zomhlaza kunye ne-lymph node kunokwenzeka. Unyango ngemitha kunye nonyango kunye namanye amayeza anamandla aqhelekileyo kwinqanaba lesithathu lonyango.

Inqanaba 4

Isigaba sesi-4 se-melanoma sithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengemiphunga, ingqondo, okanye amanye amalungu kunye nethishu.

Isenokwasasazeka kwii-lymph node ezikude kakhulu kwithumba lokuqala. Inqanaba 4 le melanoma kuhlala kunzima ukunyanga ngonyango lwangoku.

Utyando, i-radiation, i-immunotherapy, unyango ekujoliswe kulo kunye ne-chemotherapy lukhetho lokunyanga inqanaba 4 le-melanoma. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lunokucetyiswa.

Amaxabiso okusinda

Iminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwi-melanoma, ngokwe-American Cancer Society yile:

• Indawo (umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphaya kwalapho uqale khona): iipesenti ezingama-99
• Ingingqi (umhlaza usasazekile kufutshane / kwii-lymph node): iipesenti ezingama-65
• Ukude (umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba): iipesenti ezingama-25

Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 libonisa abaguli abaphila ubuncinci iminyaka emi-5 emva kokuba befunyanisiwe.

Izinto ezinokuchaphazela amaxabiso okusinda zezi:

• uphuhliso olutsha kunyango lomhlaza
• iimpawu zomntu ngamnye kunye nempilo iyonke
• impendulo yomntu kunyango

Yiba nenxaxheba

Inqanaba lokuqala, i-melanoma iyanyangeka. Kodwa umhlaza kufuneka uchongwe kwaye unyangwe ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ukhe wabona i-mole entsha okanye uphawu olukrokrelayo kulusu lwakho, kwangoko kufuneka ugqirha wolusu aluvavanye. Ukuba imeko efana ne-HIV iwenze buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba, ukujongwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokuphepha ukuba nomhlaza wolusu kukunxiba isikhuseli elangeni ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukunxiba iimpahla ezikhusela elangeni, ezinje ngehempe ezinokuthintela ilanga, nako kuluncedo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nendlela ye-ABCDE, enokukunceda ubone ukuba imole inokuba ngumhlaza kusini na.