Iimuvi ezi-5 eziLungisa ngokuLungileyo: Amava obuqu kwi-HIV kunye noGawulayo

Umxholo

• Ukwazisa kwangoko
• Impembelelo yobuqu yengxaki yezempilo yoluntu
• Ukujonga emva
• Elona qela lidumileyo likaGawulayo kwihlabathi
• Amaxhoba exesha elide abonisa indlela eya phambili

Indlela echazwe ngayo iHIV neAIDS nokuxoxwa ngayo kumajelo eendaba itshintshe kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo. Kwakungowe-1981 kuphela - ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo- apho iNew York Times yapapasha inqaku elathi laziwa njengegama elithi "umhlaza wesini".

Namhlanje, sinolwazi oluninzi malunga ne-HIV ne-AIDS, kunye nonyango olusebenzayo. Endleleni, abenzi beefilimu benze ubugcisa kwaye babhala izinto eziyinyani ngobomi babantu kunye namava nge-HIV ne-AIDS. La mabali enze okungaphezulu kokuchukumisa iintliziyo zabantu. Baye bonyusa ulwazi kwaye babona ubuso bendyikityha yesifo.

Uninzi lwala mabali lujolise ikakhulu kubomi bamadoda athandana namanye. Apha, ndithatha ujongo olunzulu bhanyabhanya ezintlanu kunye namaxwebhu awufumana ngokuchanekileyo ekuboniseni amava amadoda athandanayo kubhubhane.

Ukwazisa kwangoko

Abantu abangaphezu kwama-5 000 babhubhe ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene noGawulayo e-United States ngexesha “leqabaka lasekuqaleni” lalibhengezwa ngo-Novemba 11, 1985. Umlingisi u-Rock Hudson waye wasweleka kwinyanga ephelileyo, emva kokuba ngumntu wokuqala owaziwayo ukuba enze esidlangalaleni malunga Isimo se-HIV kwangoko kwelo hlobo. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yachongwa njengonobangela we-AIDS kunyaka ongaphambili. Kwaye, ukusukela ekuvunyelweni kwayo ebutsheni bowe-1985, uvavanyo lwentsholongwane kaGawulayo lwaqala ukwazisa abantu ukuba ngubani "onalo" kwaye ngubani ongenalo.

Umdlalo owenzelwa umabonwakude uzobe abaphulaphuli abakhulu beTV kunomdlalo webhola ekhatywayo wangoMvulo. Iphumelele kathathu kwi-14 ye-Emmy Award yokufumana amagama. Kodwa yaphulukana nesiqingatha sesigidi seedola kuba abathengisi babenomdla wokuxhasa imovie malunga ne-HIV-AIDS.

Ku "Iqabaka lasekuqaleni," u-Aidan Quinn - esanda kudlala indima yakhe ephambili "Ukufuna uSusan ngokulangazelelakayo" - ubonakalisa igqwetha laseChicago elinamabhongo uMichael Pierson, onqwenela ukwenza iqabane kwinkampani yakhe. Uzimisele ngokulinganayo ukufihla ubudlelwane bakhe nomthandi ophilayo uPeter (D.W Moffett).

Isikhohlela esiqhekezayo siqala ukusiva xa uMichael ehleli kwipiyano kanina enkulu. Okokugqibela, uyawa ngexesha lomsebenzi emva kwexesha lomsebenzi kwinkampani yamagqwetha. Uye wangeniswa esibhedlele okokuqala.

“UGawulayo? Undixelela ukuba ndinoGawulayo? ” Utsho uMichael kugqirha wakhe, edidekile kwaye enomsindo emva kokukholelwa ukuba uzikhusele. Njengabantu abaninzi, akakaqondi ukuba usenokuba wafumana intsholongwane kagawulayo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ugqirha uqinisekisa uMichael ukuba ayisosifo "sesini". "Akuzange kube njalo," utshilo ugqirha. "Amadoda angamaGay abe ngowokuqala ukuyifumana kweli lizwe, kodwa kukho abanye - i-hemophiliacs, i-intravenous drug drug, kwaye ayimi apho."

Ngaphandle kweenwele ezinkulu kunye neebhatyi ezibanzi ezibanzi zama-1980, ukuboniswa kwendoda eyintombazana ene-AIDS kwi "An Frost Early" ibetha ekhaya. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamva, abantu banokuzibona benengxaki. Kufuneka anike usapho lwasedolophini amaqhekeza amabini eendaba ngaxeshanye: "Ndiyisitabane kwaye ndinoGawulayo."

Impembelelo yobuqu yengxaki yezempilo yoluntu

Ngokujonga ifuthe le-HIV kunye ne-AIDS kwinqanaba elisondeleyo, lomntu, "Iqabaka lasekuqaleni" libeka isantya sezinye iimuvi ezalandelayo.

Ngo-1989, umzekelo, i- “Longtime Companion” yaba yifilimu yokuqala eyabhengezwa ngokubanzi ukugxila kumava abantu abane-HIV ne-AIDS. Igama lemovie livela kwikota iNew York Times esetyenziswe kwii-1980s ukuchaza iqabane lesini esifanayo somntu owasweleka ngenxa yokugula okunxulumene noGawulayo. Ibali ngokwenene liqala ngoJulayi 3, 1981, xa iNew York Times yapapasha inqaku layo malunga "nokuqhambuka" komhlaza onqabileyo kwindawo yamafanasini.

Ngothotho lweziganeko ezinesitampu sosuku, sibukele inani elibi lokungathintelwa kwezifo ezinxulumene ne-HIV kunye ne-AIDS kumadoda aliqela nakwisangqa sabahlobo bawo. Iimeko kunye neempawu esizibonayo zibandakanya ukuphulukana nolawulo lwesinyi, ukuxhuzula, inyumoniya, i-toxoplasmosis, kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo- phakathi kwabanye.

Umboniso wokuvala odumileyo we "Longtime Companion" waba luninzi lwethu uhlobo lomthandazo ekwabelwana ngawo. Abathathu babalinganiswa bahamba kunye elunxwemeni kwiSiqithi seFire, bekhumbula ixesha ngaphambi kukaGawulayo, bezibuza ngokufumana unyango. Ngokulandelelana okufutshane kwamaphupha, bajikelezwe, njengotyelelo lwasezulwini, ngabahlobo babo abahamba kakhulu kunye nabathandekayo-babaleka, bahleka, baphila-abo baphinde baphinde baphele.

Ukujonga emva

Inkqubela phambili kunyango yenze ukuba kube lula ukuphila ubomi obude, obunempilo ne-HIV, ngaphandle kokuqhubela phambili ku-AIDS kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nayo. Kodwa iifilimu zamva nje zicacisa amanxeba engqondo okuphila iminyaka emininzi enesigulo esibi kakhulu. Kwabaninzi, loo manxeba anokuziva ngathi anethambo-kwaye anokujongela phantsi abo bathe bakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide.

Udliwanondlebe namadoda amane athandana nesini- umcebisi we-Shanti u-Ed Wolf, itshantliziyo lezopolitiko uPaul Boneberg, umculi one-HIV uDaniel Goldstein, ugqirha weentyatyambo ongumdanisi uGuy Clark- kunye nomongikazi ongatshatanga naye u-Eileen Glutzer bazisa ingxaki ye-HIV eSan Francisco ukuba icace, bakhumbule ubomi kwi-2011 documentary. “Silapha.” Ifilimu eboniswe kumnyhadala weSundance Film Festival kwaye yaphumelela amabhaso amaXwebhu amaNinzi oNyaka.

"Xa ndithetha nabantu abancinci," utshilo uGoldstein kwifilimu, "Bathi 'Kwakunjani?' Ekuphela kwento endinokuyifanisa nayo yindawo yemfazwe, kodwa uninzi lwethu aluzange luhlale kwindawo yemfazwe. Awuyazi into eza kwenziwa yibhombu. ”

Kubaphembeleli boluntu abathandanayo abanjengoBoneberg, umlawuli wokuqala weqela lokuqala loqhankqalazo lwe-AIDS kwihlabathi, Ukulwa Nxamnye noGawulayo, imfazwe yayikumacala amabini ngaxeshanye. Babesilwa izixhobo zokujongana ne-HIV-AIDS nanjengoko babetyhalela umva ngokuchasene nentiyo eyandayo ngamadoda athandana namanye amadoda. Uthi: "Abafana abafana nam, ngesiquphe kweli qela lincinci banyanzelekile ukuba bajongane nale meko ingakholelekiyo yoluntu, ukongeza ekuthiyweni nasekuhlaselweni, ngoku banyanzelwa bodwa ukuzama ukufumana indlela yokujongana nayo le ntlekele ingaqhelekanga yezonyango. ”

Elona qela lidumileyo likaGawulayo kwihlabathi

I-documentary ekhethwe ngu-Oscar ethi "Indlela yokusinda kwiNkxwaleko" inikezela ngasemva kwemiboniso kwiintlanganiso ze-ACT UP-New York zeveki kunye noqhankqalazo olukhulu. Iqala ngoqhanqalazo lokuqala, eWall Street, ngo-Matshi 1987 emva kokuba i-AZT yaba sisiyobisi sokuqala esivunyiweyo se-FDA sokunyanga i-HIV. Yayisesona siyobisi sibiza kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha, sixabisa i-10, 000 yeedola ngonyaka.

Mhlawumbi owona mzuzu uphawuleka kakhulu kwifilimu ngumzabalazo ka-Larry Kramer wokunxiba kweqela ngokwalo ngexesha leentlanganiso zalo. "I-UP UP ithathiwe ngumphetho wegeza," utshilo. “Akukho mntu uvumelana nayo nantoni na, into esinokuyenza kukufaka abantu kumakhulu ambalwa. Oko akuyi kwenza ukuba nabani na anike ingqalelo. Hayi de sifumane izigidi phaya. Asinakukwenza oko. Konke esikwenzayo kukhetha omnye komnye, kwaye sikhwaze omnye komnye. Nditsho laa nto bendiyithetha kuwe ngo-1981, xa bekukho amatyala angama-41: Kude kube sihlanganisa izinto zethu sonke, sifane nabafileyo. ”

Loo mazwi anokuvakala esoyikeka, kodwa ayakhuthaza. Xa ujongene nobunzima kunye nokugula, abantu banokubonisa amandla angakholelekiyo. Ilungu lesibini elidumileyo le-ACT UP, uPeter Staley, ubonakalisa oku malunga nokuphela kwefilimu. Uthi, "Ukuba sisongelo sokuphela, kwaye hayi ndalala phantsi, kodwa endaweni yoko sime silwe ngendlela esenze ngayo, indlela esasikhathalele ngayo thina kunye, ukulunga esikubonisileyo, ubuntu esabubonisa umhlaba, kuyothusa ingqondo, kuyamangalisa . ”

Amaxhoba exesha elide abonisa indlela eya phambili

Olu hlobo lunye lokomelela okumangalisayo luvela emadodeni angamafanasini afakwe kwi "Amadoda okugqibela emi," uxwebhu lwe2016 oluveliswe yiSan Francisco Chronicle. Ifilimu igxile kumava exesha elide labo basinde kwi-HIV eSan Francisco. La ngamadoda ebephila nentsholongwane engaphezulu lee “kwemihla yokuphelelwa yisikhathi” ebekucingelwe kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngokusekwe kulwazi lwezonyango lwexesha.

Ngokuchasene nembonakalo entle yaseSan Francisco, ifilimu ihlanganisa kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwamadoda asibhozo kunye nenesi elingumama elihoye abantu abaphila ne-HIV kwisibhedlele iSan Francisco General Hospital oko kwaqala ubhubhane.

Njengamafilimu ee-1980s, "Amadoda okugqibela emi" asikhumbuza ukuba ubhubhane omkhulu njenge-HIV-AIDS-i-UNAIDS inika ingxelo yokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba zizigidi ezingama-76.1 amadoda nabafazi abosulelwe yi-HIV okoko amatyala okuqala axeliweyo ngo-1981- iseza kumabali ngamanye . Amabali amnandi, njengalawo akule filimu, asikhumbuza ukuba ubomi ngokubanzi buye bufike kumabali esizixelela wona malunga namava ethu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukubandezeleka, "kuthetha ntoni."

Kungenxa yokuba "Amadoda okugqibela emi" abhiyozela ubuntu babafundi babo-inkxalabo yabo, uloyiko, ithemba kunye novuyo-umyalezo wawo ubanzi. UGanymede, ophakathi kweli xwebhu, unikezela ngomyalezo wobulumko obuzuze nzima obunokunceda nabani na ozimisele ukuwuva.

Uthi: "Andifuni ukuthetha ngentlungu kunye nentlungu endiphila kuyo, ngokuyinxenye kuba abantu abaninzi abafuni ukuyiva, ngenxa yokuba kubuhlungu. Kubalulekile ukuba ibali liqhubeke kodwa akufuneki sive ubunzima ngebali. Sifuna ukukhulula olo sana kwaye siqhubeke nobomi obuphilayo. Ke ngelixa ndifuna ukuba eli bali lingalibaleki, andifuni ukuba libali eliqhuba ubomi bethu. Ibali lokomelela, lovuyo, lokonwaba lokusinda, lokuchuma, lokufunda okubalulekileyo nokuxabisekileyo ebomini - yiyo loo nto into endifuna ukuyiphila. ”

Ixesha elide kwezempilo kunye nentatheli yezonyango uJohn-Manuel Andriote ngumbhali Uloyiso luchaziwe: Indlela uGawulayo abutshintshe ngayo ubomi beGay eMelika. Incwadi yakhe yakutshanje ngu I-Stonewall Strong: Ukulwa kwamadoda angamaGay ngokuQiniseka, impilo elungileyo, kunye noluntu olomeleleyo. UAndriote ubhala i "I-Stonewall Strong" ibhlog kukomelela kwePsychology yanamhlanje.