Multiple Sclerosis ichongwa njani?

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu ze-MS?
• Yintoni inkqubo yokufumanisa i-MS?
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Kukhutshwe iimvavanyo ezinokubakho
• Imagnetic resonance imaging (iMRI)
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo)
• Iikhrayitheriya zokuchonga
• Ngaba inkqubo yokuqonda isifo yahlukile kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-MS?
• Ukubuyisela kwakhona i-MS
• Inkqubela phambili ye-MS
• Inkqubela phambili yeSekondari yeMS
• Isifo esizimeleyo kwiklinikhi (CIS)
• Yise kude

Yintoni i-multiple sclerosis?

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) yimeko apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela izicwili ezisempilweni kwinkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS). Iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zibandakanya:

• ingqondo
• umqolo
• Imithambo-luvo

Iindidi ezininzi ze-multiple sclerosis zikhona, kodwa oogqirha okwangoku abanalo uvavanyo olucacileyo lokufumanisa ukuba umntu unale meko.

Ngenxa yokuba akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga lwe-MS, ugqirha wakho unokuqhuba iimvavanyo ezininzi zokulawula ezinye iimeko ezinokwenzeka. Ukuba iimvavanyo azibi, banokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa yi-MS.

Nangona kunjalo, ezintsha ekucingeni nasekuqhubekeni kophando kwi-MS ngokubanzi zithethe ukuphucula ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni i-MS.

Zithini iimpawu ze-MS?

I-CNS isebenza njengeziko lonxibelelwano emzimbeni wakho. Ithumela imiqondiso kwiimisipha zakho ukuba zihambe, kwaye umzimba uhambisa imiqondiso emva kwe-CNS ukutolika. Le miqondiso inokubandakanya imiyalezo malunga nokubonayo okanye ukuziva, njengokuchukumisa indawo eshushu.

Ngaphandle kweentsinga zemithambo-luvo ezithwala imiqondiso yisingxobo sokhuselo esibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin (MY-uh-lin). I-Myelin yenza kube lula kwimicu yentsimbi ukuhambisa imiyalezo. Iyafana nendlela intambo ye-fiber-optic enokuhambisa ngayo imiyalezo ngokukhawuleza kunentambo yesiko.

Xa une-MS, umzimba wakho uhlasela i-myelin kunye neeseli ezenza i-myelin. Ngamanye amaxesha, umzimba wakho uhlasela iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

Iimpawu ze-MS ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu ziya kuza zihambe.

Oogqirha badibanisa ezinye iimpawu njengezinto eziqhelekileyo kubantu abahlala ne-MS. Oku kubandakanya:

• isinyi kunye nokungasebenzi kwamathumbu
• ukudakumba
• ubunzima bokucinga, njengememori echaphazelekayo kunye neengxaki ezijolise kuyo
• ukuhamba nzima, njengokuphulukana nebhalansi
• isiyezi
• ukudinwa
• ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela ubuso okanye umzimba
• intlungu
• Ukuxhamla kwemisipha
• iingxaki zombono, kubandakanya ukungaboni kakuhle kunye nentlungu yokuhamba kwamehlo
• ubuthathaka, ngakumbi ubuthathaka bemisipha

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-MS zibandakanya:

• iingxaki zokuphefumla
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukungeva kakuhle
• ukurhawuzelela
• iingxaki zokugwinya
• ukuxhuzula
• ubunzima bokuthetha, njengokuthetha kakubi
• ukungcangcazela

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Yintoni inkqubo yokufumanisa i-MS?

I-MS ayisiyiyo kuphela imeko ebangelwa kukulimala kwe-myelin. Kukho ezinye iimeko zonyango ocinga ngazo xa ufumanisa i-MS enokubandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka komzimba, njenge-collagen isifo semithambo
• ukubonakaliswa kwemichiza enetyhefu
• Isifo seGuillain-Barré
• ukuphazamiseka kwilifa
• usulelo lwentsholongwane
• ukuswela i-vitamin B-12

Ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngokucela imbali yakho yezonyango kunye nokuphonononga iimpawu zakho. Kananjalo baya kwenza iimvavanyo ezinokubanceda ukuba bavavanye ukusebenza kwe-neurological. Uvavanyo lwakho lwe-neurological luya kubandakanya:

• ukuvavanya ibhalansi yakho
• ukubukela uhamba
• ukuvavanya ukucinga kwakho
• ukuvavanya umbono wakho

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi. Oku kukulawula ezinye iimeko zonyango kunye nokusilela kweevithamini ezinokubangela iimpawu zakho.

Kukhutshwe iimvavanyo ezinokubakho

Uvavanyo olunokubakho (EP) lolo vavanyo lulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wobuchopho. Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa iimpawu zokuhamba kwengqondo, oku kungabonisa i-MS.

Ukuvavanya i-EP kubandakanya ukubeka iingcingo kwi-scalp kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho bakho. Uya kuthi emva koko uvezwe kukukhanya, izandi, okanye ezinye iimvakalelo ngelixa umvavanyi elinganisa amaza obuchopho bakho. Olu vavanyo alunantlungu.

Ngelixa kukho imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-EP, eyona nguqulo yamkelweyo yi-EP ebonakalayo. Oku kubandakanya ukukucela ukuba ujonge iscreen esibonisa enye ipateni yebhodi yokujonga, ngelixa ugqirha elinganisa impendulo yengqondo yakho.

Imagnetic resonance imaging (iMRI)

Imagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inokubonisa izilonda ezingaqhelekanga kwingqondo okanye kumqolo womqolo ophawu lokuchongwa kwe-MS. Kwimvavanyo ye-MRI, ezi zilonda ziya kubonakala zimhlophe qwa okanye zimnyama kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuba unokuba nezilonda kwingqondo ngenxa yezinye izizathu, njengasemva kokuba unestroke, ugqirha wakho kufuneka akhuphe ezi zizathu ngaphambi kokuba enze isifo se-MS.

I-MRI ayibandakanyi ukubonakaliswa kwemitha kwaye ayibuhlungu. Iskena sisebenzisa umhlaba wamagnetic ukulinganisa isixa samanzi kwithishu. Ngokwesiqhelo i-myelin igxotha amanzi. Ukuba umntu one-MS wonakalise i-myelin, kuya kubakho amanzi amaninzi kwiskena.

Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo)

Le nkqubo ayisoloko isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-MS. Kodwa yenye yeenkqubo ezinokubakho zokuqonda isifo. Ukugqobhoza i-lumbar kubandakanya ukufaka inaliti kumjelo womqolo ukususa ulwelo.

Uvavanyo lwaselabhoratri kuvavanyo lomqolo kubukho bezinto ezithile zokulwa intsholongwane abantu abane-MS abanazo. I-fluid inokuvavanywa kwakhona kwintsholongwane, enokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba akhuphe i-MS.

Iikhrayitheriya zokuchonga

Oogqirha kusenokufuneka baphinde uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo kwi-MS amatyeli aliqela ngaphambi kokuba baqinisekise isifo. Kungenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-MS zinokutshintsha. Banokufumanisa umntu one-MS ukuba amanqaku ovavanyo kwezi nqobo zilandelayo:

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zibonisa ukuba kukho umonakalo kwi-myelin kwi-CNS.
• Ugqirha uchonge ubuncinci ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu izilonda kumacala amabini okanye nangaphezulu e-CNS ngeMRI.
• Kukho ubungqina obusekwe kuvavanyo lomzimba lokuba i-CNS ichaphazele.
• Umntu uneziqendu ezibini okanye nangaphezulu zomsebenzi we-neurological ochaphazelekayo okungenani usuku olunye, kwaye zenzekile ngokwahlukana kwenyanga. Okanye, iimpawu zomntu ziye zaqhubela phambili ekuhambeni konyaka.
• Ugqirha akanakufumana nayiphi na enye inkcazo yeempawu zomntu.

Iikhrayitheriya zokuchonga zitshintshile kwiminyaka edlulileyo kwaye ziya kuqhubeka ukutshintsha njengoko iteknoloji entsha kunye nophando luza.

Ezona khrayitheriya zamkelekileyo zamva nje zapapashwa ngo-2017 njengoko kwahlaziywa iPhaneli yaMazwe ngaMazwe ekuchongeni isifo seMultiple Sclerosis.

Enye yezinto ezintsha zakutshanje ekuchongeni i-MS sisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-optical coherence tomography (OCT). Esi sixhobo sivumela ugqirha ukuba afumane imifanekiso yemithambo-luvo yomntu ebonakalayo. Uvavanyo alunantlungu kwaye lufana nokuthatha umfanekiso wamehlo akho.

Oogqirha bayazi ukuba abantu abane-MS bahlala benemithambo-luvo ebonakalayo ebonakala yahlukile kubantu abangenaso esi sifo. I-OCT ikwavumela ugqirha ukuba alandele impilo yamehlo omntu ngokujonga kwi-optic nerve.

Ngaba inkqubo yokuqonda isifo yahlukile kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-MS?

Oogqirha bachonge inani leentlobo ze-MS. Ngo-2013, inkcazo ehlaziyiweyo yezi ntlobo isekwe kuphando olutsha kunye netekhnoloji yokucinga yokuhlaziya.

Nangona ukuxilongwa kwe-MS kuneenqobo zokuqala, ukumisela uhlobo lwe-MS umntu analo kungumbandela wokulandela umkhondo weempawu ze-MS zomntu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukumisela uhlobo lwe-MS umntu analo, oogqirha bajonge

• Umsebenzi we-MS
• uxolelo
• ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko

Iindidi ze-MS zibandakanya:

Ukubuyisela kwakhona i-MS

Kuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-85 zabantu abane-MS baqala ukufumanisa ukuba bane-MS ebuyayo, ebonakaliswa kukuphinda ubuye. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ezintsha ze-MS ziyavela kwaye zilandelwe luxolelo lweempawu.

Phantse isiqingatha seempawu ezenzeka ngexesha lokuphinda ubuye zishiya iingxaki ezithile, kodwa ezi zinokuba zincinci kakhulu. Ngexesha lokuxolelwa, imeko yomntu ayibi mandundu.

Inkqubela phambili ye-MS

Uluntu lwe-MS lweSizwe luqikelela ukuba iipesenti ezili-15 zabantu abane-MS banee-MS eziphambili. Abo banolu hlobo banamava okonyuka kweempawu, zihlala zibuyela umva kwaye zixolelwe kwangoko kuvavanyo lwabo.

Inkqubela phambili yeSekondari yeMS

Abantu abanolu hlobo lwe-MS baneziganeko zokuqala zokubuyela umva kunye nokuxolelwa, kwaye iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Isifo esizimeleyo kwiklinikhi (CIS)

Ugqirha unokufumanisa umntu onesifo esizimeleyo kwiklinikhi (CIS) ukuba unesiqendu seempawu ze-neurologic ezinxulumene ne-MS ehlala ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya ukudumba kunye nomonakalo kwi-myelin.

Ukuba nesiqendu esinye sokufumana uphawu oluhambelana ne-MS akuthethi ukuba umntu uya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa i-MS.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iziphumo ze-MRI zomntu one-CIS zibonisa ukuba banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa i-MS, izikhokelo ezitsha zincomela ukuqala konyango lokuguqula izifo.

Yise kude

Ngokwe-National MS Society, ezi zikhokelo zinamandla okunciphisa ukuqala kwe-MS kubantu abaneempawu zabo eziye zafunyanwa kwinqanaba lokuqala.