Uvavanyo lwe-Multiple Sclerosis

Umxholo

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso ngemagneti
• Injongo
• Ukulungiselela
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar
• Kukhutshwe uvavanyo olunokubakho
• Uvavanyo olutsha phantsi kophuhliso
• Ithini imbonakalo yeMS?

Yintoni i-multiple sclerosis?

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) sisifo esinganyangekiyo, esiqhubekayo esichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous system. I-MS yenzeka xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela i-myelin ekhusela iintsinga zemithambo-luvo kwintambo yomqolo kunye nengqondo. Oku kwaziwa njenge-demyelination, kwaye kubangela ubunzima bonxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo-luvo nengqondo. Ekugqibeleni kunokubangela ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo.

Unobangela we-multiple sclerosis awaziwa okwangoku. Kucingelwa ukuba izinto zemfuza nezokusingqongileyo zinokudlala indima. Okwangoku alukho unyango lwe-MS, nangona lukhona unyango olunokunciphisa iimpawu.

I-Multiple sclerosis kunokuba nzima ukuyifumanisa; akukho vavanyo lunye olunokulufumanisa. Endaweni yoko, ukuxilongwa kufuna iimvavanyo ezininzi zokulawula ezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifanayo. Emva kokuba ugqirha wakho eqhuba uvavanyo lomzimba, baya kuthi baodole iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuba bayakrokrela ukuba une-MS.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kuba yinxalenye yokuqalwa kokuqala ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-MS. Uvavanyo lwegazi alunakubangela ukuba kufunyanwe isifo se-MS, kodwa zinokulawula ezinye iimeko. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• Isifo seLyme
• iingxaki ezinqabileyo zofuzo
• igcushuwa
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo

Zonke ezi ngxaki zinokuthi zifumaneke zinegazi kuphela. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuveza iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga. Oku kunokukhokelela ekufumaneni isifo somhlaza okanye ukusilela kwe-vitamin B-12.

Ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso ngemagneti

Imagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) luvavanyo lokhetho lokufumanisa i-MS ngokudibeneyo novavanyo lwegazi lokuqala. I-MRIs isebenzisa amaza erediyo kunye neendawo zemagnethi ukuvavanya umxholo wamanzi onxulumene nezihlunu zomzimba. Bangakwazi ukubona izicubu eziqhelekileyo kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwaye banokubona izitenxo.

I-MRIs ibonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha kunye novakalelo lwengqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo. Zingaphantsi kakhulu kunezinto ze-X-ray okanye i-CT scan, ezo zombini zisebenzisa imitha.

Injongo

Oogqirha baya kujonga izinto ezimbini xa be-odola i-MRI ngoxilongo lwe-MS. Eyokuqala kukuba baya kujonga nakuphi na okunye ukungaqheleki okunokuthi kuthintele i-MS kwaye babhekise kwisifo esahlukileyo, esifana nethumba lobuchopho. Baza kujonga nobungqina bokuchithwa.

Ubume be-myelin obukhusela imicu ye-nerve bunamafutha kwaye buyabuyisa amanzi xa engonakalanga. Ukuba i-myelin yonakele, nangona kunjalo, lo mxholo wamafutha uyancitshiswa okanye uhluthwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye awusabuyisi amanzi. Indawo iya kugcina amanzi amaninzi ngenxa yoko, anokufunyanwa yi-MRIs.

Ukuchonga i-MS, oogqirha kufuneka bafumane ubungqina bokususwa kwisifo. Ukongeza ekugwebeni ezinye iimeko ezinokubakho, i-MRI inokubonelela ngobungqina obuqinisekileyo bokuba i-demyelination yenzekile.

Ukulungiselela

Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwi-MRI yakho, susa bonke ubucwebe. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na isinyithi kwiingubo zakho (kubandakanya iiziphu okanye iihaki ze-bra), uya kucelwa ukuba utshintshe ibe yingubo yesibhedlele. Uya kulala ungaphakathi kumatshini we-MRI (ovulekileyo kuzo zombini iziphelo) ngexesha lenkqubo, ethatha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-45 kunye neyure e-1. Yazisa ugqirha wakho kunye negcisa lakho kwangaphambi kwexesha ukuba:

• Ukufakwa kwesinyithi
• pacemaker
• Iitattoos
• Ukumiliselwa kweziyobisi
• Ivaluva zentliziyo ezingezizo
• imbali yeswekile
• nayiphi na eminye imiqathango ocinga ukuba ingasebenza

Ukugqobhoza iLumbar

Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimpompo yomqolo, ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokufumanisa i-MS. Le nkqubo iya kususa isampulu ye-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yokuvavanywa. Iipunctures zeLumbar zithathwa njengezingafunekiyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo, inaliti ifakwe kumqolo ongezantsi, phakathi kwamathambo omqolo, nakumjelo womqolo. Le naliti ingenamngxunya iya kuqokelela isampulu ye-CSF yokuvavanya.

Impompo yomqolo ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30, kwaye uya kunikwa i-anesthetic yendawo. Isigulana sicelwa ukuba sibeke ecaleni laso ngomqolo egobile. Emva kokuba indawo icociwe kwaye kwenziwa i-anesthetic yendawo, ugqirha uza kufaka inaliti engenanto kumjelo womqolo ukuze akhuphe enye ukuya kwiipuni ezimbini ze-CSF. Ngokwesiqhelo, akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo. Unokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukuthatha abacoci gazi.

Oogqirha abaodola i-lumbar punctures ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-MS baya kusebenzisa uvavanyo ukwenza imeko ezinempawu ezifanayo. Baza kujonga neempawu ze-MS, ngokukodwa:

• amanqanaba aphezulu amajoni omzimba abizwa ngokuba ngamachiza omzimba e-IgG
• Iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba ziioligoclonal band
• inani eliphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi

Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kumqolo womqolo wabantu abane-MS linokufikelela kumaxesha asixhenxe aphezulu kunesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpendulo zomzimba zingabangelwa zezinye iimeko.

Kuyaqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 zabantu abane-MS ababonisi kuphazamiseka kwi-CSF yabo.

Kukhutshwe uvavanyo olunokubakho

Uvavanyo olunokubakho (EP) lokulinganisa umlinganiso wombane kwingqondo eyenzeka ngokuphendula kukhuthazo, njengesandi, ukubamba, okanye ukubona. Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto ezikhuthazayo zivusa imiqondiso yombane yemizuzu, enokulinganiswa zii-electrode ezibekwe entlonzeni ukujonga umsebenzi kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho. Zintathu iintlobo zovavanyo lwe-EP. Impendulo ekhutshiweyo ebonakalayo (i-VER okanye i-VEP) yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuchongeni i-MS.

Xa oogqirha be-odola uvavanyo lwe-EP, baya kukhangela usulelo olungalunganga olukhoyo kwindlela ye-optic nerve pathways. Oku kwenzeka ngesiqhelo kwizigulana ezininzi ze-MS. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokugqiba ukuba ii-VERs ezingaqhelekanga zibangelwa yi-MS, ezinye iingxaki ze-ocular okanye ze-retinal kufuneka zingabandakanywa.

Akukho lungiselelo luyimfuneko lokwenza uvavanyo lwe-EP. Ngexesha lovavanyo, uya kuhlala phambi kwesikrini esinephatheni yebhodi yokujonga etshintshayo kuyo. Unokucelwa ukuba ugqume iliso elinye ngexesha. Ifuna uxinzelelo olusebenzayo, kodwa lukhuselekile kwaye alungeni. Ukuba unxiba iiglasi, buza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kwexesha ukuba ufanele ukuzizisa.

Uvavanyo olutsha phantsi kophuhliso

Ulwazi lwezonyango luhlala luqhubela phambili. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe kunye nolwazi lwethu lwe-MS luqhubela phambili, oogqirha banokufumana iimvavanyo ezintsha zokwenza ukuba inkqubo yokuqonda isifo ye-MS ibe lula.

Uvavanyo lwegazi ngoku luyaphuhliswa oluya kuba nakho ukufumanisa ii-biomarkers ezinxulumene ne-MS. Ngelixa olu vavanyo lusenokwenzeka ukuba alunakukwazi ukuxilonga i-MS ngokwalo, lunokunceda oogqirha bavavanye umngcipheko kwaye benze ukuba kube lula ukufumanisa isifo.

Ithini imbonakalo yeMS?

Ukuchonga i-MS okwangoku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kunye nokuchitha ixesha. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezixhaswe yi-MRIs okanye ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo ezidityaniswe nokupheliswa kwezinye izizathu ezinokubangela ukufumanisa isifo.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana ne-MS, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumaneke, ngokukhawuleza unokufumana unyango, olunokukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinzima.

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