Ukukhetha ukuguquka: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili zokukhetha ukungakhethi
• Kutheni le nto isenzeka
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukukhetha ukungaguquki kwengqondo kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunqabileyo okuhlala kuchaphazela abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 ubudala, kuxhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana. Abantwana abanesi sifo banokunxibelelana kuphela nabantu abasondeleyo kubo, kubenzima ukuthetha nabanye abantwana, ootitshala okanye amalungu osapho.

Ukuchongwa kwe-mutism ekhethiweyo kuhlala kwenziwa emva kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala, ukusukela ngelo xesha ukubheka phambili umntwana sele sele enamandla okuthetha kwaye aqala ukubonisa ubunzima ekwenzeni eminye imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. Ngokwesiqhelo umntwana uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabazali, abantakwabo kunye nabazala abasondeleyo, nangona kunjalo, unengxaki yokuthetha nabanye abantu, kunye nokuseka ukudibana emehlweni, kwaye unokuba nexhala.

Kubalulekile ukuba i-mutism ekhethiweyo ichongwe kwaye inyangwe ngoncedo lwe-psychologist kunye ne-psychiatrist, kuba ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ichonge ukuba ngaba ikhona enye ingxaki enxulumene nayo enokubangela ukuphazamiseka, ezinje ngeengxaki zokuva okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuvumela ukulungelelanisa ngcono uhlobo lonyango.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokukhetha ukungakhethi

Umntwana one-mutism ekhethiweyo uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle kwindawo yosapho, nangona kunjalo enengxaki kwindawo enabantu abangaziwayo, apho evakalelwa kukuba indlela aziphethe ngayo iyajongwa. Ke, ezinye zeempawu ezinceda ekuchongeni ukukhetha okukhethiweyo zi:

• Kunzima ukunxibelelana nabanye abantwana;
• Ukungabikho konxibelelwano nootitshala;
• Unzima ukuveza izimvo zakho, nkqu nangezimbo zomzimba;
• Iintloni ezigqithisileyo;
• Ukubekwa wedwa koluntu;
• Kunzima ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela kwindawo engaqhelekanga, ukroba ibhulukhwe yakho, okanye ukutya esikolweni.

Ngaphandle kokuhlala rhoqo ebantwaneni, i-mutism ekhethiweyo inokuchongwa nakubantu abadala kwaye, kwezi meko, ibizwa ngokuba yi-phobia yentlalo, apho umntu eziva exhalabile kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zemihla ngemihla, njengokutya esidlangalaleni., Umzekelo, okanye xa ucinga ngokuseka uhlobo oluthile lonxibelelwano. Funda indlela yokuchonga uloyiko lwentlalo.

Kutheni le nto isenzeka

Ukukhetha ukunganyanzelekanga akunaso isizathu esithile, nangona kunjalo kunokubangelwa ziimeko ezithile, ezinokuthi zihambelane namava amabi okanye umothuko athe umntwana wadlula kuwo, njengokungena kwisikolo esitsha, ukuhlala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yosapho okanye Unabazali abalawulayo.

Ukongeza, ukukhula kwesi sifo kunokunxulunyaniswa nemeko yemfuza, kuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukwenzeka kubantwana abanabazali abanengxaki yemvakalelo kunye / okanye yokuziphatha, okanye abanxulumene neempawu zomntwana ezinje ngeentloni, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, uloyiko kunye nokuncamathisela, umzekelo.

Le meko inokuchaphazeleka kukuqala kobomi besikolo okanye kutshintsho lwesixeko okanye ilizwe, umzekelo, njengesiphumo sothuko lwenkcubeko. Nangona kunjalo, kwezi meko kubalulekile ukuba ukukhula komntwana kuqatshelwe, njengoko rhoqo ukunqongophala konxibelelwano kungengenxa yokhetho olukhethiweyo, kodwa kungqinelana nexesha lokuziqhelanisa nomntwana kwimeko entsha. Ke ngoko, ukuze uthathelwe ingqalelo njenge-mutism, kufuneka ukuba iimpawu zolu tshintsho zibekho ngaphambi kotshintsho okanye zihlale umndilili wenyanga enye.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-mutism ekhethiweyo luqukethe iiseshoni zonyango lwengqondo, apho isayikholojisti ichaza izicwangciso ezikhuthaza unxibelelwano lomntwana, ukongeza ekuphononongeni iindlela ezivavanya indlela aziphethe ngayo. Ke, isayikholojisti iyakwazi ukwenza ukuba umntwana azive ekhululekile kwindalo esingqongileyo ukuze unxibelelwano lwakhe lwenziwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokucetyiswa sisayikholojisti ukuba umntwana makakhatshwe ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo womntwana okanye ukuba kubanjwe iiseshoni nosapho.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wezengqondo ukhokela abazali ukuze unyango luqhubeke nokuvuselelwa ekhaya, becebisa ukuba abazali:

• Musa ukumnyanzela umntwana ukuba athethe;
• Kuphephe ukuphendula umntwana;
• Ukuncoma xa umntwana ebonisa inkqubela phambili kwizakhono zonxibelelwano;
• Khuthaza umntwana ukuba enze izinto ezinzima kakhulu, njengokuthenga isonka, umzekelo;
• Yenza umntwana akhululeke kwindawo angqongileyo, ukwenzela ukumthintela ekuziva ukuba liziko lokuqwalaselwa.

Ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana afumane ukuzithemba ngakumbi ekunxibelelaneni kwaye angabi mnandi kangako kwindawo ezingaqhelekanga.

Xa kungekho mpendulo kunyango okanye kuphuculo olubonakalayo, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo unokubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo, ii-SSRIs, ezisebenza kwingqondo. La machiza kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela ngokukhokelwa ngugqirha nakwimeko ezivavanywe kakuhle, kuba akukho zifundo zininzi ezibonisa ifuthe lazo kunyango lwabantwana abanesi sifo.