Idyroid nodule: nokuba yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango
Umxholo
- Iimpawu ze-Thyroid nodule
- Zithini iimviwo ekufuneka zenziwe
- Imiqondiso yokuba iqhuma lisenokuba ngumhlaza
- Iindidi ze-thyroid nodule
- Ungayinyanga njani i-nodule ye-thyroid
- Ziziphi izizathu zedolo le-thyroid
- Indlela i-nodule ye-thyroid echaphazela ngayo ukukhulelwa
I-nodule ye-thyroid sisigaqa esincinci esivela kwingingqi yentamo kwaye ihlala ilungile kwaye ayibonisi sizathu senkxalabo okanye isidingo sonyango, ngakumbi kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba nayiphi na i-nodule ivavanywe yi-endocrinologist okanye ingcali ngokubanzi ukuze iphande unobangela.
Yiyo loo nto kuvavanyo oluninzi lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba unobungozi okanye iimpawu zobubi ziqinisekisiwe, ezifuna iimvavanyo ezithile ngakumbi zokufumanisa isifo somhlaza kwaye ziqalise unyango olufanelekileyo. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezibonisa umhlaza wedlala lengqula.
Iimpawu ze-Thyroid nodule
Uninzi lwamaqhuqhuva kwi-thyroid alubangeli zimpawu, zichongwa bubukho 'besigaqa' entanyeni. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid anokuvelisa iimpawu ezinje:
- Umqala obuhkungu;
- Ukudumba kwentamo;
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya;
- Ukuthoba umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- Iinyikima kunye novalo;
- Ukungxola okanye ukulahleka kwelizwi.
Xa kukho urhano lobukho be-thyroid nodule, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubonane nogqirha okanye ugqirha we-endocrinologist kuvavanyo.
Zithini iimviwo ekufuneka zenziwe
Ukuxilongwa kwe-nodule ye-thyroid kwenziwa ngugqirha ngokuhlola umzimba ngokubetha kwentamo. Emva kokuchongwa, kuvavanywa iimvavanyo zaselebhu, ezinje nge-TSH, T3, T4, anti-TPO kunye ne-calcitonin, kunye novavanyo lwe-imaging, njenge-ultrasound kunye ne-thyroid scintigraphy.
Ukusuka kwiziphumo zeemviwo eziceliweyo, ugqirha unokucela ukufezekiswa kweFine Needle Aspiration Puncture (FNAP), apho isampulu encinci ye-nodule isusweyo kwaye ithunyelwe elabhoratri ukuze ihlalutywe kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobungozi. Yazi iimvavanyo ezivavanya idlala lengqula.
Imiqondiso yokuba iqhuma lisenokuba ngumhlaza
Ezinye zeempawu ezinokubonisa ukuba iqhuma linokuba libi kwaye ngumhlaza kuxa:
- I-nodule enzima ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza:
- Ubudala obungaphantsi kwama-20 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60;
- I-nodule inemiphetho engagunyaziswanga;
- Kukho utshintsho kwilizwi njengokubhodla okanye ukukhubazeka kweentambo zezwi;
- Amanye amatyala omhlaza wedlala lengqula kusapho;
- Umntu sele enonyango lonyango ngemitha entloko nasentanyeni.
Kukho izifundo ezibonisa ukuba elona nani liphezulu le-TSH libonisa ukuba i-nodule inokuba yingozi, nangona kunjalo abantu abaninzi abafunyaniswe benomhlaza wedlala lengqula abangazange batshintshe kuvavanyo lwegazi okanye kwi-biopsy, kuphela emva kokuphononongwa okwenziwe emva kokususa i-nodule.
Xa umntu ene-nodule e-1 kuphela ukuya kwi-1 cm ubukhulu, ukuba ayisiyongozi, ugqirha usenokungabonakalisi naluphi na uhlobo lonyango, ebonisa kuphela ukusebenza kwe-thyroid yonyaka kunye novavanyo lwegazi.
Iindidi ze-thyroid nodule
Xa kuchongwa i-nodule kwi-thyroid, ulwahlulo lwayo kufuneka luvavanywe kusetyenziswa iDoppler ultrasonography ukumisela ukuba ngaba ayinabungozi, ayilunganga kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo onyango anokuwamkelwa. Ukwahlulahlulwa kungenziwa:
| Ngokuka-Lagalla et al | NgokukaChammas et al |
| Chwetheza I: Ukungabikho kwemithambo yegazi | Umgangatho IUkungabikho kwemithambo yegazi |
| Uhlobo II: I-Perinodular vascularization | Umgangatho II: Ukujikeleza kwe-vascularization kuphela |
| Uhlobo lwe-III: I-Peri kunye ne-intranodular vascularization | Umgangatho III: I-peripheral vascularization enkulu kune okanye ilingana nombindi |
| --- | Umgangatho IV: I-vascularization esembindini inkulu kuneepheripherali |
| --- | Umgangatho V: I-vascularization esembindini kuphela |
I-endocrinologist ikwahlulahlula i-nodule ye-thyroid njenge:
- Hypoechogenic: ubunzima obuncinci obuncinci kunethambo kwaye, ke, i-nodule inokugcwaliswa ngolwelo okanye umoya;
- Isoechogenic: ubunzima obomeleleyo nobuninzi obufanayo nethambo kwaye obuqhele ukuba nemilo yesetyhula;
- Hyperechogenic: ubunzima obunobunzima obukhulu kunethambo, elinokubonisa i-nodule ye-thyroid ene-calcification.
Amaqhuqhuva ane-vascularization esembindini kunokwenzeka ukuba abe ngamathumba amabi.
Ungayinyanga njani i-nodule ye-thyroid
Unyango lusetyenziswa kuphela xa umntu eneempawu, xa kukho umngcipheko womhlaza wedlala lengqula okanye xa i-nodule ingaphezulu kwe-3 cm. Olona nyango lusetyenziswayo lubandakanya:
- Ugqirha: isetyenziselwa ikakhulu amaqhuqhuva angaphezulu kwe-3 cm kwaye kwimeko ye-nodule ebulalayo ukususa zonke iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga amaqhuqhuva anobungozi xa edala ubunzima ekuphefumlweni okanye ekuginyeni, kuba makhulu kakhulu. Funda konke malunga notyando ukususa i-nodule ye-thyroid.
- Unyango lweLevothyroxine, ezinje ngeSynthroid okanye iLevoid: isetyenziswe kwimeko yamaqhuqhuva avelisa utshintsho kwiihomoni, ebangela i-hypothyroidism.
Emva konyango ngotyando, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza okunye endaweni yehomoni kunye nokubonisana rhoqo, ubuncinci kabini ngonyaka, kugqirha wezonyango.
Jonga indlela yokuthintela nokunyanga iingxaki ze-thyroid kule vidiyo ilandelayo:
Ziziphi izizathu zedolo le-thyroid
Izizathu azikaziwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba abantu basetyhini ngabona bachaphazelekayo kwaye abo banabanye abantu kusapho abane-nodule ye-thyroid kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise amaqhuqhuva anje.
Indlela i-nodule ye-thyroid echaphazela ngayo ukukhulelwa
Umfazi onesigaqa kule ndlala akabikho kobunzima ekukhulelweni kunabanye. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho besigaqa kwi-thyroid ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela utshintsho kwimveliso yehomoni kwaye, ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umfazi okhulelweyo kufuneka athathe amayeza anceda ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, ukukhusela umntwana ukuba azalwe ngokulibaziseka ukukhula ngokomzimba okanye ngengqondo, umzekelo.
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