Ukuphazamiseka kwesondlo kunye neMetabolism

Umxholo

• I-metabolism yakho isebenza njani?
• Yintoni ingxaki yemetabolism?
• Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism?
• Iindidi zokuphazamiseka komzimba
• Isifo sikaGaucher
• Iswekile yegalactose malabsorption
• I-hemochromatosis yelifa
• Isifo se-maple syrup urine (MSUD)
• IPhenylketonuria (PKU)
• Imbonakalo

I-metabolism yakho isebenza njani?

I-Metabolism yinkqubo yemichiza eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho ukuguqula ukutya okutyayo kube kumbane okugcina uphila.

Isondlo (ukutya) sinee-protein, iicarbohydrate kunye namafutha. Ezi zinto zaphulwe zii-enzymes kwinkqubo yakho yokwetyisa, emva koko zisiwe kwiiseli ezinokusetyenziswa njengombane. Umzimba wakho usebenzisa ezi zinto ngokukhawuleza, okanye uzigcine esibindini, kumanqatha omzimba, nakwizihlunu zemisipha ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva.

Yintoni ingxaki yemetabolism?

Ukuphazamiseka kwimetabolism kwenzeka xa inkqubo yemetabolism isilele kwaye ibangela ukuba umzimba ube nezinto ezininzi okanye ezincinci kakhulu kwizinto eziyimfuneko ukuze uhlale usempilweni.

Imizimba yethu inovakalelo kakhulu kwiimpazamo kwimetabolism. Umzimba kufuneka ube neeamino acid kunye neendidi ezininzi zeeproteni zokwenza yonke imisebenzi yayo. Umzekelo, ingqondo ifuna ikhalsiyam, i-potassium, kunye nesodiyam ukuvelisa amandla ombane, kunye neep lipids (amafutha kunye neoyile) ukugcina inkqubo yemithambo-luvo esempilweni.

Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism kunokuthatha iindlela ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya:

• i-enzyme engekhoyo okanye ivithamini eyimfuneko ekuphenduleni okubalulekileyo kwemichiza
• iimpendulo zeekhemikhali ezingaqhelekanga ezithintela iinkqubo zemetabolism
• isifo esibindini, ipancreas, amadlala endocrine, okanye amanye amalungu abandakanyeka kwimetabolism
• ukunqongophala kwesondlo

Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism?

Unokuphuhlisa ingxaki yokutya emzimbeni ukuba amalungu athile - umzekelo, injeke okanye isibindi - siyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. Ezi ntlobo zokuphazamiseka zinokubangelwa yimfuza, ukunqongophala kwehomoni ethile okanye i-enzyme, ukutya kakhulu ukutya okuthile, okanye ezinye izinto.

Kukho amakhulu ezinto zokuphazamiseka kwemfuza ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kohlobo olunye. Olu tshintsho lunokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana zeentsapho. Ngokuka, ubuhlanga okanye amaqela athile kulindeleke ukuba agqithise kwimfuza eguqulweyo ngenxa yesifo esithile. Ezona ziqhelekileyo kwezi zezi:

• I-sickle cell anemia kuma-Afrika aseMelika
• icystic fibrosis kubantu belifa lemveli laseYurophu
• isifo se-maple isiraphu yomchamo kwiindawo zaseMennonite
• Isifo sikaGaucher kubantu abangamaJuda abavela eMpuma Yurophu
• hemochromatosis kwiiCaucasians eMelika

Iindidi zokuphazamiseka komzimba

Isifo seswekile sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo semetabolism. Zimbini iintlobo zesifo seswekile:

• Uhlobo lwe-1, unobangela wawo awaziwa, nangona kunokubakho into yemfuza.
• Uhlobo lwe-2, olunokufunyanwa, okanye olunokubangelwa zizinto zemfuza ngokunjalo.

Ngokwe-American Diabetes Association, i-30.3 yezigidi zabantwana kunye nabantu abadala, okanye malunga ne-9.4 yepesenti yabantu base-US banesifo seswekile.

Kuhlobo 1 lweswekile, iiseli ze-T zihlasela zibulale iiseli ze-beta kwi-pancreas, iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukungabikho kwe-insulin kunokubangela:

• imithambo-luvo nezintso
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukwanda kwengozi yesifo sentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi

Amakhulu eempazamo ezizelwe kwimetabolism (IEM) zichongiwe, kwaye uninzi zinqabile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-IEM ngokudibeneyo ichaphazela i-1 kuzo zonke iintsana ezili-1 000. Uninzi lwezi ngxaki lunokunyangwa kuphela ngokunciphisa ukutya okunezinto okanye izinto umzimba ongenakuzenza.

Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokutya kunye nokuphazamiseka komzimba kubandakanya:

Isifo sikaGaucher

Le meko ibangela ukungakwazi ukwaphula uhlobo oluthile lwamafutha, oluqokelela kwisibindi, udakada, kunye nomongo wethambo. Oku kungakwazi ukubangela iintlungu, ukonakala kwethambo, kunye nokufa. Iphathwa ngonyango lwe-enzyme.

Iswekile yegalactose malabsorption

Esi sisiphene ekuhanjisweni kweswekile kunye negalactose ngaphesheya kwesisu esikhokelela kurhudo kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Iimpawu zilawulwa ngokususa i-lactose, i-sucrose, kunye ne-glucose ekudleni.

I-hemochromatosis yelifa

Kule meko, i-iron engaphezulu ifakwa kumalungu aliqela, kwaye inokubangela:

• ukuqina kwesibindi
• umhlaza wesibindi
• isifo seswekile
• isifo sentliziyo

Iphathwa ngokususa igazi emzimbeni (phlebotomy) rhoqo.

Isifo se-maple syrup urine (MSUD)

I-MSUD iphazamisa imetabolism yee-amino acid ezithile, ezibangela ukonakala ngokukhawuleza kwee-neurons. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ibangela ukufa kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Unyango lubandakanya ukunciphisa ukutya okutyayo kwe-amino acid.

IPhenylketonuria (PKU)

I-PKU ibangela ukungakwazi ukuvelisa i-enzyme, i-phenylalanine hydroxylase, ekhokelela ekonakaleni komzimba, ukudodobala kwengqondo kunye nokuma okungaqhelekanga. Iphathwa ngokunciphisa ukutya ukutya kweentlobo ezithile zeprotheyini.

Imbonakalo

Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism kunzima kakhulu kwaye kunqabile. Nangona kunjalo, zingumxholo wophando oluqhubekayo, olunceda oososayensi ukuba baqonde ngcono oonobangela beengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinje nge-lactose, i-sucrose, kunye nokunganyamezelani kwe-glucose, kunye nokugqithisa kweeproteni ezithile.

Ukuba unesifo sokuphazamiseka emzimbeni, unokusebenza nogqirha wakho ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena.