Ii-STD zomlomo: Ziintoni Iimpawu?

Umxholo

• I-Chlamydia
• Ukuvuza ngaphantsi
• Igcushuwa
• HSV-1
• I-HSV-2
• I-HPV
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo
• Uvavanywa njani
• Umgca wezantsi

Izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo kunye nezifo (ii-STIs) azisuselwanga nje ngokwesini sangasese okanye ezimpundu - nakuphi na ukudibana kolusu nolusu nezitho zangasese kwanele ukudlulisela i-STI kwiqabane lakho.

Oku kuthetha ukuba isondo lomlomo usebenzisa umlomo, imilebe, okanye ulwimi kunokubangela umngcipheko ofanayo neminye imisebenzi yesondo.

Ekuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo kukusebenzisa ikhondomu okanye enye indlela yokuthintela lonke uhlobo lokudibana ngesondo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuba zeziphi ii-STIs ezinokusasazeka ngokulalana ngomlomo, iimpawu ekufuneka uzijongile, kunye nendlela yokuvavanywa.

I-Chlamydia

I-Chlamydia ibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Chlamydia trachomatis. Yeyona STI yeentsholongwane ixhaphakileyo eUnited States phakathi kweminyaka yobudala.

I-Chlamydia ngesondo lomlomo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba idluliselwe ngesondo langasese okanye langasese. I-Chlamydia inokuchaphazela umqala, izitho zangasese, i-urinary tract, kunye ne-rectum.

Uninzi lwe-chlamydia oluchaphazela umqala alubangeli zimpawu. Xa iimpawu zivela, zinokubandakanya umqala obuhlungu. I-Chlamydia ayisiyo imeko yobomi bonke, kwaye inokunyangeka ngee-antibiotics ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuvuza ngaphantsi

I-Gonorrhea yi-STI eqhelekileyo ebangelwa yintsholongwane I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I-CDC iqikelela ukuba kukho i-gonorrhea minyaka yonke, echaphazela abantu abaneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-24.

Zombini i-gonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia zingadluliselwa ngokwesondo ngomlomo ngokwe-CDC, kodwa eyona mngcipheko. Abo babelana ngesondo ngomlomo banokuzibandakanya nakwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi okanye ezimpundu, kungoko unobangela wale meko unokungacaci.

I-Gonorrhea inokuchaphazela umqala, izitho zangasese, i-urinary tract, kunye ne-rectum.

Njenge-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea yomqala kaninzi ayibonisi zimpawu. Xa iimpawu zibonakala, zihlala kwiveki emva kokuvezwa kwaye zinokubandakanya umqala obuhlungu.

I-Gonorrhea inokuphiliswa kunye ne-antibiotics efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho ukwanda kweengxelo zesifo esinganyangekiyo ngamachiza e-United States nakwihlabathi liphela.

I-CDC icebisa ukuphinda uzame ukuba iimpawu zakho azipheli emva kokuba ugqibe ikhosi epheleleyo ye-antibiotics.

Kukwabalulekile kuwo nawaphi na amaqabane ukuba avavanywe kwaye anyangwe naziphi i-STIs ekusenokwenzeka ukuba babekhe babhencwa kuzo.

Igcushuwa

I-Syphilis yi-STI ebangelwa yintsholongwane I-Treponema pallidum. Ayifani nezinye ii-STIs.

Ngokutsho kwe, bekukho i-115,045 echaze ukuxilongwa kwe-syphilis ngo-2018. I-Syphilis inokuchaphazela umlomo, imilebe, izitho zangasese, i-anus, kunye ne-rectum. Ukuba ayinyangwa, igcushuwa inokusasazeka ichaphazele amanye amalungu omzimba, kubandakanya imithambo yegazi kunye nenkqubo yovalo.

Iimpawu zeSyphilis zenzeka ngokwamanqanaba. Isigaba sokuqala (i-syphilis ephambili) ibonakaliswa sisifo esibuhlungu (esibizwa ngokuba yi-chancre) kwizitho zangasese, kwi-rectum, okanye emlonyeni. Isilonda sinokungaqatshelwa kwaye siyakunyamalala sodwa ngaphandle konyango.

Kwinqanaba lesibini (i-syphilis yesibini), unokufumana irhashalala, ukudumba kwe-lymph node, kunye nomkhuhlane. Inqanaba lokugqibela lale meko, elinokuhlala iminyaka, alibonisi zimpawu okanye zimpawu.

Inqanaba lesithathu lemeko (igcushuwa ephezulu) inokuchaphazela ingqondo yakho, imithambo-luvo, amehlo, intliziyo, imithambo yegazi, isibindi, amathambo kunye namalungu.

Ingasasazeka kwimveku ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye ibangele ukuzalwa komntwana okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinzima kumntwana.

I-Syphilis inokunyangeka nge-antibiotics efanelekileyo. Ukuba ayishiywanga inganyangwa, imeko iya kuhlala emzimbeni kwaye inokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinje ngomonakalo womzimba kunye neziphumo ezibalulekileyo ze-neurological.

HSV-1

Uhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-herpes simplex yohlobo 1 (HSV-1) yenye yeentlobo ezimbini ze-STI eqhelekileyo yentsholongwane.

I-HSV-1 isasazeka ikakhulu ngomlomo-ngomlomo okanye ngomlomo-ukuya-kwisini, kunokubangela zombini i-herpes yomlomo kunye neherpes yesini. Ngokwe-HSV-1 ichaphazela abantu abaqikelelwa kwi-3.7 yezigidigidi ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 kwihlabathi liphela.

I-HSV-1 inokuchaphazela imilebe, umlomo, umqala, amalungu esini, i-rectum kunye ne-anus. Iimpawu zomlomo we-herpes zibandakanya i-blisters okanye izilonda (ezibizwa ngokuba yizilonda ezibandayo) emlonyeni, emilebeni nasemqaleni.

Le yimeko yobomi bonke enokuthi isasazeke nokuba iimpawu azikho. Unyango lunokunciphisa okanye kuthintele ukuqhambuka kwe-herpes kunye nokunciphisa ixesha labo.

I-HSV-2

I-HSV-2 idluliselwa ikakhulu ngokwabelana ngesondo, ibangela ukuba i-herpes yesini okanye ye-anal. Ngokuka, i-HSV-2 ichaphazela abantu abaqikelelwa kuma-491 ezigidi abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kuma-49 kwihlabathi liphela.

I-HSV-2 inokusasazeka ngesondo lomlomo kwaye, kunye ne-HSV-1 inokubangela izifo ezinje nge-herpes esophagitis kwabanye abantu, kodwa oku kunqabile. Iimpawu ze-herpes esophagitis zibandakanya:

• izilonda ezivulekileyo emlonyeni
• ubunzima bokuginya okanye iintlungu ngokuginya
• Ukugodola
• ifiva
• umkhuhlane (ukuziva ungonwabanga ngokubanzi)

Le yimeko yobomi bonke enokuthi isasaze nokuba awunazo iimpawu. Unyango lunokunciphisa kwaye lunciphise okanye luthintele ukuqhambuka kwe-herpes.

I-HPV

I-HPV yeyona STI ixhaphakileyo eMelika. I-CDC iqikelela ukuba malunga nokuhlala ne-HPV okwangoku.

Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngokulalana ngomlomo rhoqo njengoko isabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi okanye ezimpundu. I-HPV ichaphazela umlomo, umqala, amalungu esini, umlomo wesibeleko, i-anus, kunye ne-rectum.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-HPV ayizukubonisa zimpawu.

Iindidi ezithile ze-HPV zinokubangela ilaryngeal okanye ipapillomatosis yokuphefumla, echaphazela umlomo nomqala. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• iintsumpa emqaleni
• utshintsho kwizwi
• kunzima ukuthetha
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Iindidi ezininzi ze-HPV ezichaphazela umlomo nomqala azibangeli iintsumpa, kodwa zinokubangela umhlaza wentloko okanye wentamo.

I-HPV ayinalo unyango, kodwa uninzi losasazo lwe-HPV luyacocwa ngumzimba ngokwawo ngaphandle kokubangela iingxaki. Iintsumpa zomlomo nomqala zinokususwa ngotyando okanye olunye unyango, kodwa zinokuphinda zibuyele kunyango.

Ngo-2006, i-FDA yavuma iyeza lokugonya abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abakwiminyaka eli-11 ukuya kwengama-26 ukuthintela ukosulelwa kwezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zeHPV. Olu luhlobo olunxulunyaniswa nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, wempundu, kunye nentloko nentamo. Ikwakhusela nakwizifo eziqhelekileyo ezibangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini.

Ngo-2018, i-FDA kubantu abadala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-45.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo

I-CDC iqikelela ukuba eMelika babephila ne-HIV kwi-2018.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ixhaphake kakhulu ngokwabelana ngesondo kwilungu langasese lobufazi nakwelimpundu. Ngokuka, umngcipheko wokusasaza okanye wokufumana i-HIV ngokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo usezantsi kakhulu.

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​sisifo sobomi, kwaye uninzi aluboni zimpawu zeminyaka. Abantu abaphila ne-HIV ekuqaleni banokuba neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Akukho lunyango lwe-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-HIV banokuphila ixesha elide, ubomi obusempilweni ngokuthatha amayeza antiviral kunye nokuhlala kunyango.

Uvavanywa njani

Uvavanyo lwe-STI, uvavanyo lonyaka (ubuncinci) lwe-chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea kubo bonke abantu ababhinqileyo ababelana ngesondo abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 kunye nawo onke amadoda abelana ngesondo abelana ngesondo namadoda (MSM). I-MSM kufuneka iphinde ihlolwe i-syphilis ubuncinci ngonyaka.

Abantu abanamaqabane amatsha okanye amaqabane amaninzi, kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kufuneka nabo bahlolwe i-STI ngonyaka. I-CDC ikwacebisa ukuba bonke abantu abaneminyaka eli-13 ukuya kwengama-64 ubudala bavavanyelwe i-HIV ubuncinci kube kanye ebomini babo.

Ungandwendwela ugqirha wakho okanye iklinikhi yezempilo ukuya kuvavanyelwa i-HIV kunye nezinye ii-STIs. Iiklinikhi ezininzi zibonelela ngeendlela zokuhlola simahla okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi. Into onokuyilindela kuvavanyo iya kwahluka kwimeko nganye.

Iindidi zovavanyo zibandakanya:

• I-Chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea. Oku kubandakanya i-swab yendawo yakho yesini, umqala, okanye i-rectum, okanye isampuli yomchamo.
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo. Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lufuna isiraphu ephuma emlonyeni wakho okanye kuvavanyo lwegazi.
• Iherpes (eneempawu). Olu vavanyo lubandakanya i-swab yendawo echaphazelekayo.
• Igcushuwa. Oku kufuna uvavanyo lwegazi okanye isampulu ethathwe kwisilonda.
• I-HPV (iintsumpa zomlomo okanye zomqala). Oku kubandakanya ukuxilongwa okubonakalayo okusekwe kwiimpawu okanye kuvavanyo lwepap.

Umgca wezantsi

Nangona ii-STIs zisasazeka ngokuxhaphaka ngokwabelana ngesondo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uzifumane ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo.

Ukunxiba ikhondom okanye enye indlela yesithintelo - ngokuchanekileyo nangamaxesha onke - kuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko nokukhusela usulelo.

Kuya kufuneka uvavanywe rhoqo xa usabelana ngesondo. Ngokukhawuleza usazi isimo sakho, kwangoko ungafumana unyango.