Iinketho zonyango lweCancer Ovarian

Umxholo

• Ugqirha lomhlaza we-ovari
• I-Chemotherapy yomhlaza we-ovari
• Umhlaza we-ovarian epithelial
• Umhlaza we-ovari oqala kwiiseli zentsholongwane
• Umhlaza we-ovari oqala kwiiseli ezomeleleyo
• Olunye unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-chemotherapy
• Imitha yomhlaza wesibeleko
• Unyango lweHormone lomhlaza we-ovari
• Unyango olujolise kumhlaza we-ovari
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango ngomhlaza we-ovari
• Unyango olongezelelekileyo lomhlaza we-ovari
• Imbonakalo

Ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango

Zininzi iindlela zokusondela kunyango lomhlaza we-ovari. Kubafazi abaninzi, oko kuthetha utyando. Oku kuhlala kudityaniswa ne-chemotherapy, unyango lwehomoni, okanye unyango ekujolise kulo.

Eminye yemiba enceda ekukhokeleni unyango zezi:

• uhlobo lwakho oluthile lomhlaza we-ovari
• inqanaba lakho ekuchongeni
• nokuba pre- okanye postmenopausal
• nokuba uceba ukuba nabantwana

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nonyango lomhlaza we-ovari kunye nokuba kubandakanya ntoni.

Ugqirha lomhlaza we-ovari

Ukhetho lotyando luxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza wakho usasazeke kangakanani.

Ngomhlaza wamanqanaba okuqala we-ovari, kunokwenzeka ukugcina ukuchuma. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando.

Ukuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-ovary enye kuphela, ugqirha wakho unokuwususa kunye nokususa ityhubhu eqhagamshelwe kuyo. Usaya kuvumba kwaye uye exesheni ngenxa ye-ovary yakho eseleyo, ugcine ukhetho lwakho lokukhulelwa.

Xa umhlaza ufumaneka kuwo omabini amaqanda, zombini ii-ovari kunye zombini i-fallopian tubes zinokususwa. Oku kuya kubangela ukuyeka ukuya esikhathini. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhanya okushushu, ukubila ebusuku, kunye nokomisa kwilungu lobufazi. Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba ususwe isibeleko sakho.

Kumhlaza wesigaba sokuqala se-ovari, utyando lwe-laparoscopic olungena hlaselo olunokuba yinto enokukhetha kuyo. Oku kwenziwa ngekhamera yevidiyo kunye nezixhobo ezide, ezincinci ezifakwa kwizinto ezincinci.

Ngomhlaza ophakamileyo we-ovari, utyando lwesisu oluvulekileyo luyimfuneko.

Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-debulking cytoreductive surgery isetyenziselwa ukunyanga inqanaba 4 lomhlaza we-ovari. Kubandakanya ukususwa kwama-ovari kunye neetyhubhu ze-fallopian, kunye nalo naliphi na elinye ilungu elichaphazelekayo. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• isibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko
• iindawo nkovu zangasese
• izicubu ezigubungela amathumbu akho kunye namalungu asezantsi esisu
• inxalenye uvalo lwakho
• isisu
• udakada
• isibindi

Ukuba unamanzi kwindawo yakho esiswini okanye kwi-pelvis, inokususwa kwaye ihlolwe iiseli zomhlaza ngokunjalo.

I-Chemotherapy yomhlaza we-ovari

I-Chemotherapy luhlobo lonyango lwenkqubo. La machiza anamandla ahamba emzimbeni wakho wonke ukufuna kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Isetyenziswa ngaphambi kotyando ukunciphisa amathumba okanye emva kotyando ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele.

La machiza anokunikezelwa ngaphakathi (IV) okanye ngomlomo. Banokujova ngqo esiswini sakho.

Umhlaza we-ovarian epithelial

Umhlaza we-epithelial ovarian cancer uqala kwiiseli ezikulayini ongaphandle wee-ovari zakho. Unyango lubandakanya ubuncinci iziyobisi ze-IV. Banikwa kathathu ukuya kwesithandathu, ngesiqhelo iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngaphandle. Indibaniselwano esemgangathweni yamachiza yi-cisplatin okanye i-carboplatin kunye ne-paclitaxel (Taxol) okanye i-docetaxel (Taxotere).

Umhlaza we-ovari oqala kwiiseli zentsholongwane

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza we-ovari uqala kwiiseli zakho zentsholongwane. Ezi ziiseli ezithi ekugqibeleni zenze amaqanda. Umdibaniso weziyobisi osetyenziselwa ithumba leseli yintsholongwane yi-cisplatin (Platinol), etoposide, kunye ne-bleomycin.

Umhlaza we-ovari oqala kwiiseli ezomeleleyo

Umhlaza we-Ovarian ungaqala nakwiiseli ezomeleleyo. Ezi ziiseli ezikhupha iihomoni kwaye zidibanisa izicubu ze-ovari. Olu dibana lweziyobisi kunokwenzeka ukuba lusetyenziselwe okufanayo kwizicubu zeseli zentsholongwane.

Olunye unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-chemotherapy

Ezinye iichemotherapies zomhlaza we-ovari zezi:

• i-albin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane)
• i-altretamine (Hexalen)
• capecitabine (Xeloda)
• icyclophosphamide (iCytoxan)
• gemcitabine (iGemzar)
• ifosfamide (ifex)
• irinotecan (Camptosar)
• liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil)
• Unobumba (Alkeran)
• pemetrexed (Alimta)
• topotecan (IHycamtin)
• vinblastine (Velban)
• vinorelbine (Inkaba)

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kumthamo kunye nokudityaniswa kweziyobisi. Banokubandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukudinwa
• ukulahleka kweenwele
• izilonda zomlomo okanye iintsini ezophayo
• umngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo
• ukopha okanye ukugruzuka

Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezokwexeshana. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukunciphisa. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinjengokonakala kwezintso, kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kuhlala ixesha elide. Nokuba usenayo enye yamaqanda akho, ichemotherapy inokukhokelela ekunqandeni kwasekuqaleni.

Imitha yomhlaza wesibeleko

Imitha yonyango ekujoliswe kulo olusebenzisa imitha yamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa amathumba. Inokuhanjiswa ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi.

Imitha ayilulo unyango oluphambili lomhlaza we-ovari. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokusetyenziswa:

• ukunceda ukunyanga okuncinci, okwenzeka kwakhona kwindawo leyo
• ukuthomalalisa iintlungu kwizidumba ezinkulu ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza onyango ngamayeza
• njengenye indlela ukuba awukwazi ukunyamezela i-chemotherapy

Ngaphambi konyango lwakho lokuqala, uyakufuna iseshoni yokucwangcisa ukumisela eyona ndawo ubekwe kuyo. Injongo kukubetha ithumba ngelixa unciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu ezisempilweni. Iipinto zokukhomba ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa ukumakisha ngokusisigxina ulusu lwakho.

Ukuqwalaselwa ngenyameko ekubekeni ixesha ngalinye. Nangona oko kungathatha ixesha, unyango lokwenyani luhlala nje imizuzwana embalwa. Imitha ayibuhlungu, kodwa ifuna ukuba uhlale uzolile ngokugqibeleleyo. Unyango lunikwa iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala zisombulula xa unyango luphela kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• bomvu, isikhumba esikruqulayo
• ukudinwa
• urhudo
• ukuchama rhoqo

Unyango lweHormone lomhlaza we-ovari

Umhlaza we-ovarian Epithelial kunqabile ukuba uphathwe ngonyango lwehomoni. Ihlala isetyenziselwa umhlaza wesibeleko.

I-Luteinizing-hormone-ekhulula ii-agonists zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa imveliso ye-estrogen kubafazi be-premenopausal. Ezimbini kwezi yi-goserelin (iZoladex) kunye neleuprolide (Lupron). Banikwa ngenaliti rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu. La machiza anokubangela iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Ukuba uthatha iminyaka, anokuwenza buthathaka amathambo akho kwaye abangele i-osteoporosis.

I-Estrogen inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwethumba. Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-tamoxifen ligcina i-estrogen ekukhuthazeni ukukhula. Eli chiza linokubangela iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni.

Abasetyhini abasemva kwe-postmenopausal bangathatha i-aromatase inhibitors, njenge-anastrozole (Arimidex), i-exemestane (i-Aromasin), kunye ne-letrozole (i-Femara). Bavimba i-enzyme eguqula ezinye iihomoni kwi-estrogen. La mayeza omlomo athathwa kanye ngemini. Iziphumo ziquka:

• kushushu
• iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye nezihlunu
• ukuncipha kwamathambo akho

Unyango olujolise kumhlaza we-ovari

Iziyobisi ekujoliswe kuzo zifumana kwaye zitshintshe iimpawu ezithile zeseli zomhlaza ezingafumaneki kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Benza umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni kune-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwangaphandle lwemitha.

Amathumba afuna imithambo yegazi ukuze ikhule kwaye isasazeke. Iyeza le-IV elibizwa ngokuba yi-bevacizumab (Avastin) lenzelwe ukunqanda amathumba ekubeni enze imithambo yegazi emitsha. Inikwa rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-bevacizumab inokunciphisa amathumba okanye ukuqhubela phambili komhlaza we-epithelial ovarian cancer. Iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• igazi elonyukayo
• iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezisezantsi
• urhudo

I-Poly (ADP-ribose) i-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors yimithi yomlomo. Ziyasetyenziswa xa umhlaza we-ovari udibene I-BRCA Ukutshintsha kwemfuza.

Ezimbini kwezi, i-olaparib (Lynparza) kunye ne-rucaparib (Rubraca), inokusetyenziselwa umhlaza we-ovari emva kwexesha lokuzama i-chemotherapy. I-Olaparib ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza ophindayo we-ovari kwabasetyhini abanayo okanye ngaphandle kwayo I-BRCA utshintsho.

Enye i-PARP inhibitor, i-niraparib (i-Zejula), inokunikwa abasetyhini abanomhlaza ophindaphindeneyo we-ovari, kunye okanye ngaphandle I-BRCA Utshintsho, emva kokuzama ichemotherapy.

Iziphumo zala mayeza zingabandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu
• ianemia
• iintlungu zemisipha kunye namalungu

Uvavanyo lwezonyango ngomhlaza we-ovari

Uvavanyo lwezonyango luthelekisa unyango olusemgangathweni kunye nonyango olutsha olungagunyaziswanga ukuba lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Uvavanyo lwezonyango lunokubandakanya abantu abanalo naliphi na inqanaba lomhlaza.

Buza i-oncologist yakho ukuba ngaba ulingo lweklinikhi lukhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe. Ungandwendwela kwakhona indawo yogcino-lwazi ekhangekileyo kwi-ClinicalTrials.gov ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Unyango olongezelelekileyo lomhlaza we-ovari

Unokukufumanisa kuluncedo ukongeza ukhathalelo lwakho lomhlaza ngonyango olongezelelekileyo. Abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba baphucula umgangatho wobomi. Ezinye onokuthi uziqwalasele zezi:

• Aromatherapy. Iioyile ezifanelekileyo zinokuyiphucula imeko yakho kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Ukucamngca. Iindlela zokuphumla zinokunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokuphucula ukulala.
• Unyango lokuphulula. Olu nyango lonyango lomzimba wakho lunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nentlungu.
• I-Tai chi kunye neyoga. Iindlela zengqondo zomzimba zeNonaerobic ezisebenzisa intshukumo, ukucamngca kunye nokuphefumla kunokukhuthaza imeko yakho yempilo iphela.
• Unyango lobugcisa kunye nonyango lomculo. Iindawo zokuyila zinokukunceda ujongane nemeko yeemvakalelo zomhlaza kunye nonyango.
• Unyango. Olu hlobo lwamayeza amaTshayina apho iinaliti zibekwe ngobuchule zinokuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Jonga ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuzama amayeza amatsha, ngakumbi ukutya okanye ukutya okunezithako. Oku kunokusebenzisana namayeza akho okanye kubangele ezinye iingxaki.

Unokufuna kwakhona ukubonisana nogqirha okhathalelayo. Ezi ngcali zisebenza kunye neqela lakho le-oncology ukubonelela ngesiqabu seempawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Imbonakalo

Umyinge opheleleyo weminyaka emihlanu yokusinda komhlaza we-ovari yiipesenti ezingama-45.

Amanqanaba okusinda ahluka ngohlobo oluthile lomhlaza, inqanaba lokuchongwa, kunye nobudala. Umzekelo, xa umhlaza ubanjiwe ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke ngaphandle kwama-ovari akho, izinga lokusinda liipesenti ezingama-92.

Kwakhona, amanani okusinda awabandakanyi awona matyala akutshanje, xa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe unyango olutsha.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika umbono wokuba ulindele ntoni ngokusekwe kwisifo sakho kunye nesicwangciso sonyango.