I-pneumonia yentsholongwane: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zepneumonia yentsholongwane
• Uyixelela njani ukuba umntwana wakho unenyumoniya
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Indlela yokuthintela

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane luhlobo losulelo emiphungeni olukhokelela kukudumba kwenkqubo yokuphefumla kwaye ikhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu ezithile, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokukhohlela, eziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Olu hlobo lwenyumoniya lwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abanamajoni omzimba athathaka, njengabantwana kunye nabantu abadala, ngakumbi.

Iintsholongwane eziphambili ezibangela olu hlobo lwenyumoniya ziintsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, njenge UmkhuhlaneChwetheza A, B okanye C, I-H1N1, i-H5N1 kunye ne-coronavirus entsha ye-2019 (i-COVID-19) ukongeza kwezinye ezinjenge-parainfluenza virus, intsholongwane yokuphefumla kunye ne-adenovirus, umzekelo, ezinokuqhutywa ngamathe okanye amathontsi okuphefumla okuphefumla amiswe emoyeni umntu osulelwe komnye.

Nangona iintsholongwane ezinxulumene ne-pneumonia yentsholongwane zisasazeka ngokulula zisuka komnye umntu ziye komnye, umntu akasoloko ekhula inyumoniya, ihlala ivelisa iimpawu zokubanda okanye umkhuhlane, kuba amajoni omzimba ayakwazi ukulwa le ntsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba umngcipheko wokuba nenyumoniya awuphezulu, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko, njengokuphepha ukunxibelelana nomntu ogulayo kunye nokuba nemikhwa emihle yococeko ngokuhlamba izandla rhoqo.

Iimpawu zepneumonia yentsholongwane

Iimpawu zentsholongwane yenyumoniya zingavela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokudibana nentsholongwane, kwaye zisiba mandundu ekuhambeni kweentsuku, iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu zezi:

• Ukukhohlela owomileyo, eguquka ukukhohlela nge-phlegm ecacileyo, emhlophe okanye epinki;
• Iintlungu zesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla;
• Ifiva ukuya kuthi ga kwi-39ºC;
• Umqala obuhkungu okanye ngendlebe;
• Rhinitis okanye conjunctivitis, ezinokuhamba neempawu.

Kubantu abadala, iimpawu zenyumoniya zinokubandakanya ukudideka kwengqondo, ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokutya okungalunganga, nokuba awukho umkhuhlane. Kwiintsana okanye ebantwaneni, kuqhelekile ukuba umntu aphefumle ngokukhawuleza okubangela amaphiko empumlo avuleke kakhulu.

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane yahlukile kwi-pneumonia yebacteria kuba ihlala inesiqalo esikhawulezileyo, ivelisa iphlegm ecace gca okanye emhlophe, ukongeza ekubeni inezinye iimpawu zosulelo lwentsholongwane, njengokuxinana kwempumlo, isinusitis, ukucaphuka kwamehlo kunye nokuthimla, umzekelo, , kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zosulelo, ngaphandle kovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha enze uvavanyo lokuchonga isifo se-pneumonia kwaye, ke, unyango lwenyumoniya lusebenza ngokusemandleni.

Uyixelela njani ukuba umntwana wakho unenyumoniya

Kwimeko yeentsana, abazali banokuyikrokrela inyumoniya xa iimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivezwe lusana lucotha ukudlula okanye zisiya zisiba mbi iveki yonke, njengomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ukukhohlela rhoqo, ukungabinamdla wokutya, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, umzekelo. umzekelo.

Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana asiwe kugqirha wabantwana kuvavanyo ukuze lwenziwe kwaye kugqitywe ukuxilongwa, kuqalwe unyango olufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba unonophelo ngexesha lonyango lomntwana, njenge:

• Ukungenisa isisombululo se-saline izihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ngosuku okanye ngokwemiyalelo yabantwana;
• Khuthaza umntwana ukuba ancancise okanye atye, enika iziqhamo, ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo;
• Nika umntwana usana;
• Nxiba umntwana ngokweqondo lobushushu, uphephe utshintsho ngesiquphe kubushushu;
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amayeza okukhohlela angakhange aboniswe ngugqirha wabantwana, kuba anokuququzelela ukuqokelelwa kwemfihlo emiphungeni.

Kwezona meko zinzima, apho umntwana angafuniyo ukutya, uphefumla kancinci okanye unefiva engaphezu kwe-39ºC, ugqirha wabantwana unokucebisa ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ukuze ufumane ioksijini, wenze iyeza emthanjeni kwaye ufumane i-serum ngelixa engakwazi ukondla.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo, ugqirha unokucela iisampulu zemfihlo yokuphefumla ezimpumlweni nasemqaleni, ukuze zihlolisiswe elebhu, ekufuneka iqokelelwe, ngokufanelekileyo, ngomhla wesithathu wesi sifo, kodwa esinokuqokelelwa Usuku lwe-7 emva kokuqala kweempawu, ukuchonga intsholongwane.

Ukongeza, iimvavanyo ezinje ngesifuba X-reyi zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukubandakanyeka kwemiphunga, kunye novavanyo lwegazi, njengokubalwa kwegazi kunye neegesi zegazi ezivavanyiweyo, ukuvavanya ioksijini yegazi, kwaye ke ukujonga inqanaba kunye nobunzima bosulelo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko yokukrokrela inyumoniya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubonisane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wamaphaphu, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka, uqalise unyango olufanelekileyo kwaye uthintele esi sifo ukuba singabi mandundu.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwezifo zentsholongwane lukhokelwa ngugqirha, kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe ngezikhokelo ezinje ngezi:

• Ukuphumla ekhaya, ukuphepha ukuya esikolweni okanye emsebenzini;
• Ukuhambisa amanzi kakuhle, ngamanzi, iti, amanzi ecoconut okanye ijusi yendalo;
• Ukutya okuKhanyayo, ukunqanda ukutya okunamafutha.

Ukongeza, ukunyanga inyumoniya yentsholongwane okanye umkhuhlane obangelwe yi-H1N1, H5N1 virus okanye i-coronavirus entsha (i-COVID-19), kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula kwe-pneumonia, njengabantu abadala kunye nabantwana, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-antiviral iziyobisi, ezichazwe ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye i-pulmonologist, njenge-Oseltamivir, iZanamivir kunye neRibavirin, umzekelo.

Unyango lunokwenziwa ekhaya, nangona kunjalo xa umntu ebonisa iimpawu zobungqongqo, ezinje ngokuphefumla nzima, ioksijini ephantsi yegazi, ukudideka kwengqondo okanye utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwezintso, umzekelo, ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza amayeza Umthambo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemaski yeoksijini. Fumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokuba unyango lwe-pneumonia yonyango kufuneka lube njani.

Indlela yokuthintela

Ukuthintela usulelo lwentsholongwane lwalo naluphi na uhlobo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izandla zakho zicocekile, uhlamba okanye usebenzisa ijeli yotywala, nanini na xa undwendwela iindawo zikawonke-wonke, ngebhasi, iivenkile ezinkulu kunye neemarike, ukongeza ukunqanda ukwabelana ngezinto ezizezakho kunye neziglasi.

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane, esisetyenziswa minyaka le, ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokuthintela usulelo zezona ntlobo ziphambili zeentsholongwane.

Jonga le vidiyo ilandelayo ngendlela yokuhlamba izandla zakho ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela usulelo lwentsholongwane: