Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwePRK kunye neLASIK?

Umxholo

• Zisebenza njani ezi nkqubo?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-PRK?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha leLASIK?
• Kunjani ukuchacha?
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-PRK
• Ukubuyiselwa kweLASIK
• Ngaba enye inkqubo isebenza ngakumbi kunenye?
• Ziziphi iingozi?
• Ngubani umgqatswa kwinkqubo nganye?
• Yimalini?
• Zeziphi izinto ezilungileyo nezimbi nganye nganye?
• Ndifumana njani umboneleli?
• Umgca wezantsi

I-PRK vs LASIK

I-Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) kunye ne-laser encediswa yi-situ keratomileusis (i-LASIK) zombini ezi ndlela zokuhlinzwa zi-laser zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuphucula ukubona. I-PRK kudala yajikeleza, kodwa zombini zisasetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.

I-PRK kunye ne-LASIK zombini zisetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-cornea yeso lakho. I-cornea yenziwe ngamacwecwe amahlanu abhityileyo, abonakalayo weethishu ngaphambili kwamehlo akho agobayo (okanye enqabileyo) kwaye ujonge ukukhanya ukukunceda ubone.

I-PRK kunye ne-LASIK nganye isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ukulungisa umbono wakho ngokubuyisela kwakhona izicubu ze-cornea.

Nge-PRK, ugqirha wakho wamehlo ususa umaleko ophezulu we-cornea, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-epithelium. Ugqirha wakho osebenzisa i-lasers ukuphinda enze ezinye iindawo ze-cornea kwaye ulungise nayiphi na into engavumelekanga kwiliso lakho.

Nge-LASIK, ugqirha wakho wamehlo usebenzisa i-lasers okanye incakuba encinci ukwenza i-flap encinci kwi-cornea yakho. Le flap iphakanyisiwe, kwaye ugqirha wakho osebenzisa ugqirha usebenzisa i-lasers ukuyila kwakhona i-cornea. I-flap iyancipha emva kokugqitywa kokuhlinzwa, kwaye i-cornea iyazilungisa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo.

Nokuba yeyiphi indlela ingasetyenziswa ukunceda ukusombulula imicimbi yamehlo enxulumene:

• ukubona ngaphambili (myopia): ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacileyo
• ukubona kude (hyperopia): ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ezisondeleyo ngokucacileyo
• i-astigmatism: yimilo yamehlo engaqhelekanga edala umbono ongacacanga

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngokufana nokwahluka kwezi nkqubo, kwaye yeyiphi ekufaneleyo.

Zisebenza njani ezi nkqubo?

Ezi nkqubo zimbini ziyafana kuba bobabini baphinde benza izicubu ze-cornea ezingaqhelekanga besebenzisa ii-lasers okanye iincakuba ezincinci.

Kodwa zahlukile ngeendlela ezithile ezibalulekileyo:

• Kwi-PRK, inxalenye yoluhlu oluphezulu lweethambo ze-cornea luyasuswa.
• Kwi-LASIK, i-flap yenzelwe ukuvumela ukuvulwa kwezicubu ezingezantsi, kwaye i-flap iyavalwa kwakhona yakuba inkqubo yenziwe.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-PRK?

1. Unikwe amathontsi abindayo ukuze ungaziva zintlungu ngexesha lotyando. Unokufumana amayeza anokunceda uphumle.
2. Uluhlu oluphezulu lwezicubu ze-cornea, i-epithelium, isuswe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthatha malunga nemizuzwana engama-30.
3. Isixhobo esigqibeleleyo sokuhlinzwa, esibizwa ngokuba yi-laser ye-excimer, sisetyenziselwa ukulungisa naziphi na izitenxo kumanqanaba eethishu enzulu. Oku kuthatha malunga nemizuzwana engama-30-60.
4. Ibhandeji ekhethekileyo efana nelensi yokunxibelelana ibekwe ngaphezulu kwe-cornea ukunceda izicwili ezingaphantsi ziphilise.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha leLASIK?

1. Unikwe amathontsi ukuze undwebise izicubu zamehlo akho.
2. I-flap encinci iyanqunyulwa kwi-epithelium usebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-femtosecond laser. Oku kuvumela ugqirha wakho wotyando ukuba ashenxise olu luhlu lusecaleni ngelixa ezinye izingqimba ziphinde zalungiswa ngeelaser. Ngenxa yokuba ihlala iqhotyoshelwe, i-epithelium inokubuyiselwa endaweni yayo emva kokwenziwa kotyando, kunokuba isuswe ngokupheleleyo njengoko kunjalo kwi-PRK.
3. I-laser ye-excimer isetyenziselwa ukubumba kwakhona izicubu ze-corneal kunye nokulungisa nayiphi na imiba ngokujika kwamehlo.
4. I-flap kwi-epithelium ibuyiselwa endaweni yayo ngaphezu kwazo zonke izicubu ze-cornea ukuvumela ukuba iphilise kunye nezinye izicubu.

Kunjani ukuchacha?

Ngexesha lotyando ngalunye, uya kuziva uxinzelelo okanye ukungonwabi. Unokuphinda uqaphele ezinye iinguqu kumbono wakho njengoko ugqirha wakho oguqululayo eguqula izicwili zamehlo. Kodwa awuyi kuva ntlungu.

Ukufumana ngokupheleleyo i-PRK kuya kuhlala kuthatha inyanga okanye njalo. Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwi-LASIK kuyakhawuleza, kwaye kufuneka kuthathe kuphela iintsuku ezimbalwa ukubona ngcono, nangona ukuphilisa okupheleleyo kuthatha iinyanga ezininzi.

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-PRK

Ukulandela i-PRK, uya kuba nebandage encinci, enxibelelana neliso lakho enokubangela ukucaphuka kunye nobuntununtunu ekukhanyeni iintsuku ezimbalwa njengoko i-epithelium yakho iphilisa. Umbono wakho uya kufiphala kancinci de ibandage isuswe emva kweveki.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika into yokuthambisa okanye yokuhambisa amayeza ukuze uncede ugcine iliso lakho lifumile njengoko liphilisa. Unokufumana amanye amayeza ukunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokungonwabi.

Umbono wakho uya kuba ngcono nangakumbi emva kotyando, kodwa unokuba mbi kancinane de iliso lakho liphile ngokupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho unokukuyalela ukuba ungahambi de umbono wakho uqheleke.

Inkqubo epheleleyo yokuphilisa ihlala malunga nenyanga. Umbono wakho uya kuba ngcono kancinci kancinci yonke imihla, kwaye uya kumbona ugqirha rhoqo ukuze akukhangele de iliso lakho liphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ukubuyiselwa kweLASIK

Uyakubona ngokucacileyo ngakumbi emva kweLASIK kunokuba wawunako ngaphambili, nangaphandle kweiglasi okanye abafowunelwa. Unokuba usondele kumbono ogqibeleleyo ngosuku emva kokuhlinzwa kwakho.

Awuyi kuva iintlungu ezininzi okanye ukungonwabi njengoko iliso lakho liphilisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokuziva uvutha emehlweni akho kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kotyando, kodwa akufuneki ihlale ixesha elide.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika into yokuthambisa okanye yokuhambisa amayeza ukuze ukhathalele nakuphi na ukucaphuka, okunokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Kuya kufuneka uphinde ufumane kwakhona kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwenkqubo yakho.

Ngaba enye inkqubo isebenza ngakumbi kunenye?

Zombini ezi ndlela zisebenza ngokulinganayo ekulungiseni umphelo umbono wakho. Umahluko ophambili lixesha lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

I-LASIK ithatha iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye ngaphantsi ukubona ngokucacileyo ngelixa i-PRK ithatha malunga nenyanga. Iziphumo zokugqibela aziyi kwahluka phakathi kwezi zimbini ukuba inkqubo yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo ngugqirha onelayisensi, onamava.

Ngokubanzi, i-PRK ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo kwaye isebenza ngakumbi kwixesha elide kuba ayishiyi i-flap kwi-cornea yakho. Iflethi eshiye ngasemva yi-LASIK inokuba phantsi komonakalo omkhulu okanye iingxaki ukuba iliso lakho lenzakele.

Ziziphi iingozi?

Zombini ezi nkqubo zinomngcipheko othile.

I-LASIK inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengomngcipheko omncinci ngenxa yesinyathelo esongezelelweyo esifunekayo sokwenza i-flap kwi-cornea.

Umngcipheko onokubakho kwezi nkqubo ubandakanya:

• Ukoma kwamehlo. I-LASIK, ngakumbi, inokukwenza uvelise iinyembezi ezimbalwa malunga neenyanga ezintandathu emva kotyando. Oku komileyo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuhlala ngokusisigxina.
• Utshintsho olubonakalayo okanye ukuphazamiseka, kubandakanya ukukhanya kwilitha ezikhanyayo okanye ukubonakalisa izinto, iihalos ezijikeleze izibane, okanye ukubona kabini. Usenokungakwazi ukubona kakuhle ebusuku. Oku kuhlala kumka emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, kodwa kunokuba sisigxina. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ezi mpawu azipheli emva kwenyanga.
• Ukulungiswa okungaphantsi. Umbono wakho usenokungabonakali ucace gca xa ugqirha wakho engakhange asuse izicwili ezoneleyo, ngakumbi ukuba utyando lwenziwe ukulungisa ukubona kwangaphambili. Ukuba awonelisekanga ziziphumo zakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando olulandelayo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ozifunayo.
• Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Ugqirha wakho ugqirha angasusa izicwili ezingaphezulu kunokuba ziyimfuneko, ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kumbono wakho owaziwa ngokuba yi-ectasia. Oku kunokwenza i-cornea yakho ibe buthathaka kwaye yenze iliso lakho likhuphe uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiso. I-Ectasia kufuneka isonjululwe ukuthintela ukulahleka kombono okunokwenzeka.
• Astigmatism. Iliso lakho eligobileyo linokutshintsha ukuba izihlunu ze-corneal azisuswanga ngokulinganayo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, unokufuna utyando olulandelayo, okanye kufuneka unxibe iiglasi okanye unxibelelwano kulungiso olupheleleyo lombono wakho.
• Iingxaki zeLASIK flap. Imicimbi ene-corneal flap eyenziwe ngexesha le-LASIK inokukhokelela kusulelo okanye ukuvelisa iinyembezi ezininzi. I-epithelium yakho inokuphilisa ngokungaqhelekanga phantsi kwe-flap, ekhokelela ekuphambukeni okubonakalayo okanye ekungathandekini.
• Ukulahleka kombono ngokusisigxina. Njengalo naluphi na utyando lwamehlo, kukho umngcipheko omncinci womonakalo okanye iingxaki ezikhokelela ekuphulukaneni ngokwenxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kombono wakho. Umbono wakho usenokubonakala ngathi unamafu ngakumbi okanye ulufiliba kunangaphambili, nokuba ungabona ngcono.

Ngubani umgqatswa kwinkqubo nganye?

Nazi iimfuno ezisisiseko zokufaneleka kolu tyando:

• ungaphezulu kwe-18
• umbono wakho awutshintshanga ngokuphawulekayo kunyaka ophelileyo
• umbono wakho unokuphuculwa ubuncinci ube ngama-20/40
• ukuba ujonge kufutshane, iyeza lakho liphakathi kwe -1.00 kunye ne -12.00 diopter, umlinganiso wamandla elensi
• awukhulelwanga okanye awncancisi xa ufumana utyando
• ubungakanani bomfundi ophakathi umalunga neemilimitha ezi-6 (mm) xa igumbi limnyama

Asinguye wonke umntu olungeleyo olu tyando.

Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinokukwenza ungafaneleki kwenye okanye kwenye:

• Unesifo esinganyangekiyo esinokuchaphazela iinkophe zakho kunye nokuphilisa kwamehlo.
• Unemeko enkulu echaphazela iliso, njenge-glaucoma okanye isifo seswekile.
• Unesimo esizimelayo esinokuchaphazela ukuphilisa kwakho, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-lupus.
• Unama-corneas amancinci angenakuqina ngokwaneleyo ukuphatha nayiphi na inkqubo. Oku kuhlala kukwenza ungafaneleki kwi-LASIK.
• Unabafundi abakhulu abonyusa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Oku kunokukwenza ungafaneleki kwi-LASIK.
• Sele sele uqhaqho lwamehlo ngaphambili (i-LASIK okanye i-PRK) kwaye enye inokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki.

Yimalini?

Ngokubanzi, zozibini ezi ndlela zotyando zibiza malunga ne- $ 2,500- $ 5,000.

I-PRK inokuba ibiza kakhulu kune-LASIK ngenxa yesidingo sokungena emva kokungena ukuze ususe ibhandeji kwaye ujonge ukuphiliswa kwamehlo akho ekuqhubekeni kwenyanga.

I-LASIK kunye ne-PRK azihlali zigutyungelwa zizicwangciso zeinshurensi yezempilo kuba zithathwa njengezikhethiweyo.

Ukuba unayo i-akhawunti yokonga impilo (HSA) okanye i-akhawunti yenkcitho eguqukayo (FSA), unokukwazi ukusebenzisa enye yezi ndlela ukunceda ukuhlawula iindleko. Ezi zicwangciso ngamanye amaxesha zinikezelwa ngezibonelelo zezempilo ezixhaswe ngumqeshi.

Zeziphi izinto ezilungileyo nezimbi nganye nganye?

Nazi izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kwezi nkqubo zimbini.

Ndifumana njani umboneleli?

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso malunga nokuba ungamfumana njani umboneleli obalaseleyo wokwenza nayiphi na inkqubo, kwaye eminye imibuzo kuya kufuneka uyibuze nawuphi na umboneleli onokubakho:

• Jonga ababoneleli abaliqela kufutshane nawe. Jonga ukuba amava abo, iindleko, ukulinganiswa kwesigulana, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji, kunye namazinga empumelelo alungelelana. Abanye ogqirha banamava okanye baqeqeshwe ngcono kwenye inkqubo okanye enye.
• Sukuzilungiselela kokona kubiza kubiza. Ukugcina imali akunako ukwenza umngcipheko owandileyo kunye neendleko zeengxaki zobomi bakho bonke.
• Musa ukuwa ngamabango entengiso. Ungakholelwa nakuphi na ugqirha othembisa iziphumo ezithile okanye iziqinisekiso, njengoko nayiphi na inkqubo yotyando ingaze ipesenti ye-100 iqinisekiswe ukukunika iziphumo ozifunayo. Kwaye kusoloko kukho ithuba elincinci leengxaki ezingaphaya kolawulo logqirha kulo naluphi na utyando.
• Funda naziphi na iincwadi okanye ukuyekiswa. Jongisisa ngononophelo kuyo nayiphi na imiyalelo yaphambi kokuhlinzwa okanye amaphepha owanikiweyo ngaphambi kotyando.
• Qiniseka ukuba wena nogqirha wakho ninolindelo olusengqiqweni. Awunakuba nombono wama-20/20 emva kotyando, kodwa kuya kufuneka ucacise ukuphucuka okulindelweyo kumbono wakho nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe nawuphi na umsebenzi.

Umgca wezantsi

I-LASIK kunye ne-PRK zombini iindlela ezilungileyo zokuhlinzwa ngokulungiswa okubonakalayo.

Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo malunga nokuba loluphi ukhetho olunokuba ngcono kuwe ngokusekwe kubume bempilo yamehlo akho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.