Isifo sokukrala kwebele

Umxholo

• Zithini iintlobo zescleritis?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zescleritis?
• Yintoni ebangela i-scleritis?
• Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi bescleritis?
• Isifo sescleritis sifunyanwa njani?
• I-scleritis inyangwa njani?
• Iyintoni imbono yabantu abane-scleritis?

Yintoni i-scleritis?

I-sclera yindawo engaphandle yokukhusela iliso, ekwayinxalenye emhlophe yamehlo. Idityaniswe nezihlunu ezinceda ukuhamba kwamehlo. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-83 zomphezulu wamehlo yi-sclera.

I-Scleritis sisifo apho i-sclera iye idumbe kakhulu kwaye ibomvu. Kungaba buhlungu kakhulu. I-Scleritis ikholelwa ekubeni isisiphumo somzimba wokuzikhusela komzimba. Uhlobo lwe-scleritis onalo luxhomekeke kwindawo yokuvuvukala. Uninzi lwabantu luva ubuhlungu obukhulu kunye nale meko, kodwa kukho iimeko ezingafaniyo.

Unyango lwakwangoko ngamayeza luyimfuneko ukukhusela i-scleritis ekuqhubekeni kwayo. Iimeko ezinzima, ezingaphendulwanga zingakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo.

Zithini iintlobo zescleritis?

Oogqirha basebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba luhlelo lukaWatson kunye noHayreh ukwahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zescleritis. Ukwahlula-hlula kusekwe ekubeni isifo sichaphazela ngaphambili (ngaphambili) okanye ngasemva (ngasemva) kwesclera. Iifom zangaphambili kunokwenzeka ukuba zibe nokugula okugwenxa njengenxalenye yesizathu sabo.

Ii-subtypes ze-anterior scleritis zibandakanya:

• I-anterior scleritis: olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-scleritis
• i-nodular anterior scleritis: yeyona fomu yesibini ixhaphakileyo
• I-necrotizing anterior scleritis ngokudumba: eyona ndlela imbi kakhulu ye-anterior scleritis
• I-necrotizing anterior scleritis ngaphandle kokudumba: uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-anterior scleritis
• I-posterior scleritis: kunzima ukuyichonga kwaye uyifumane kuba ineempawu eziguqukayo, kubandakanya uninzi olulinganisa ezinye iingxaki

Ziintoni iimpawu zescleritis?

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-scleritis luneempawu ezifanayo, kwaye zinokuba mandundu ukuba imeko ayinyangwa. Intlungu yamehlo engaphenduli kakuhle kwiipilisi zentlungu lolona phawu luphambili lwescleritis. Ukuhamba kwamehlo kunokwenzeka ukuba kuyenze intlungu ibe mandundu. Intlungu inokusasazeka kubo bonke ubuso, ngakumbi kwicala leliso elichaphazelekayo.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukukrazula okugqithisileyo, okanye ukoyiswa
• ukuncipha kombono
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• uvakalelo ekukhanyeni, okanye kwifotophobia
• Ubomvu be-sclera, okanye isahlulo esimhlophe seliso lakho

Iimpawu ze-posterior scleritis azibonakali kuba azibangeli zintlungu njengezinye iintlobo. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• iintloko ezihleli nzulu
• iintlungu ezibangelwa kukushukuma kwamehlo
• ukucaphuka kwamehlo
• umbono kabini

Abanye abantu abafumani zintlungu kwi-scleritis. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokuba:

• Ityala elinzima
• i-scleromalacia perforans, into enqabileyo enqabileyo ye-rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Imbali yokusebenzisa iyeza lokuzikhusela emzimbeni (bathintela umsebenzi kumajoni omzimba) ngaphambi kokuba kuqale iimpawu

Yintoni ebangela i-scleritis?

Kukho iingcinga zokuba amajoni omzimba e-T cell abangela iscleritis. Amajoni omzimba yinethiwekhi yamalungu, izicwili kunye neeseli ezijikeleza zisebenza kunye ukunqanda iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ekubangeleni ukugula. Iiseli ze-T zisebenza ukutshabalalisa ii-pathogen ezingenayo, ezizizinto ezinokubangela isifo okanye ukugula. Kwi-scleritis, bakholelwa ukuba baqala ukuhlasela iiseli zamehlo abo. Oogqirha abakaqiniseki ukuba kutheni le nto isenzeka.

Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi bescleritis?

I-Scleritis inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ukuba bayiphuhlise kunamadoda. Akukho luhlanga luthile okanye indawo emhlabeni apho le meko ixhaphake kakhulu.

Unethuba elongeziweyo lokuphuhlisa i-scleritis ukuba unayo:

• Isifo se-Wegener's (i-Wegener's granulomatosis), sisifo esingaqhelekanga esibandakanya ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi.
• i-rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sisifo sokuzimela komzimba esibangela ukudumba kwamalungu
• isifo sesisu esivuthayo (IBD), esibangela iimpawu zokugaya ukutya ngenxa yokudumba kwamathumbu
• Isifo seSjogren, esisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esaziwa ngokubanga amehlo nomlomo owomileyo
• I-lupus, ukuphazamiseka komzimba okudala ukudumba kolusu
• izifo zamehlo (zinokuthi okanye zingahambelani nesifo somzimba)
• ukonakala kwizihlunu zamehlo kwingozi

Isifo sescleritis sifunyanwa njani?

Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga imbali eneenkcukacha zonyango kwaye enze uvavanyo kunye novavanyo lwelabhoratri ukufumanisa isifo se-scleritis.

Ugqirha wakho unokubuza imibuzo malunga nembali yakho yeemeko zenkqubo, njengokuba unayo i-RA, i-Wegener's granulomatosis, okanye i-IBD. Basenokubuza nokuba unembali yokwenzakala okanye uqhaqho kwiso.

Ezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifana ne-scleritis zibandakanya:

• i-episcleritis, kukudumba kwemithambo engaphezulu kwinqanaba elingaphandle leso (episclera)
• i-blepharitis, kukudumba kwesiciko samehlo sangaphandle
• i-viral conjunctivitis, kukudumba kwamehlo okubangelwa yintsholongwane
• i-bacterial conjunctivitis, kukudumba kwamehlo okubangelwa ziintsholongwane

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba enze isifo:

• I-ultrasonography ukujonga utshintsho olwenzeka ngaphakathi okanye kwindawo ejikeleze islera
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi ukukhangela iimpawu zosulelo kunye nomsebenzi wamajoni omzimba
• i-biopsy ye-sclera yakho, ebandakanya ukususa izicubu ze-sclera ukuze ikwazi ukuvavanywa phantsi kwemicroscope

I-scleritis inyangwa njani?

Unyango lwe-scleritis lujolise ekulweni nokudumba ngaphambi kokuba lubangele umonakalo ongapheliyo. Ubuhlungu obuvela kwi-scleritis bukwanxulumene nokuvuvukala, ke ukunciphisa ukudumba kuya kunciphisa iimpawu.

Unyango lulandela inyathelo lesinyuko. Ukuba inyathelo lokuqala kunyango lisilela, isibini siyasetyenziswa.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-scleritis abandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezichasayo (i-NSAID) zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-nodular anterior scleritis. Ukunciphisa ukudumba kunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu zescleritis.
• Iipilisi zeCorticosteroid (ezinje nge-prednisone) zinokusetyenziswa ukuba ii-NSAID azinciphisi ukudumba.
• I-Oral glucocorticoids lukhetho olukhethiweyo lwasemva kwescleritis.
• Amachiza e-immunosuppressive ane-glucocorticoids yomlomo akhethwa kwifom eyingozi kakhulu, eyi-necrotizing scleritis.
• I-antibiotics ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela okanye ukunyanga izifo ze-sclera.
• Amayeza okubola aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kwizifo ezibangelwa yi-Sjogren's syndrome.

Utyando lunokuba yimfuneko nakwiimeko ezinzima zescleritis. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwezicubu kwi-sclera ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemisipha kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kombono.

Unyango lweSlera lunokubakho ekunyangeni izizathu ezingunobangela. Umzekelo, ukuba une-autoimmune disorder, ke ukunyanga ngokufanelekileyo kuya kunceda ukuthintela iimeko eziphindaphindayo zescleritis.

Iyintoni imbono yabantu abane-scleritis?

I-Scleritis inokubangela ukonakala kwamehlo okubonakalayo, kubandakanya inxenye ukugqibezela umbono wokulahleka. Xa ukulahleka kombono kwenzeka, kuhlala kusisiphumo se-necrotizing scleritis. Kukho umngcipheko wokuba i-scleritis iya kubuya nangona unyango.

I-Scleritis yimeko yamehlo enzulu efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, nje ukuba iimpawu zibonwe. Nokuba iimpawu zakho ziyaphucuka, kubalulekile ukulandela ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayibuyi. Ukunyanga iimeko ezizimeleyo ezinokubangela ukuba i-scleritis ibalulekile ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezizayo kunye ne-sclera.