Izibophelelo kunye ne-HIV: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zekrele?
• Yintoni ebangela i-shingles?
• Uza kuthini xa umntu engazange abe nenkukhu okanye isitofu sokugonya?
• Zithini iingxaki zokuba nesingxobo kunye ne-HIV?
• Ukugula ixesha elide
• Kusasazwe i-zoster
• Intlungu yexesha elide
• Ukuphinda
• Ichongwa njani i-shingles?
• Zeziphi iindlela zokhetho kunyango lwe-shingles?
• Yintoni imbono?

Ushwankathelo

I-varicella-zoster virus luhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-herpes ebangela irhashalala (varicella) kunye ne-shingles (zoster). Nabani na onesivumelwano nentsholongwane uya kuba nenkukhu, kunye ne-shingles enokwenzeka emva kwamashumi eminyaka kamva. Kuphela ngabantu abanenkukhu yenkukhu abanokuphuhlisa i-shingles.

Umngcipheko wokufumana i-shingles uyanda njengoko sikhula, ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-50. Inxalenye yesizathu soku kukuba amajoni ethu omzimba atyhafe ngokuguga.

Ukubakho kokukhula kwe-shingles kuyanda kakhulu ukuba i-HIV ichaphazele amajoni omzimba omntu.

Zithini iimpawu zekrele?

Olona phawu lubonakalayo lwee-shingles kukukhawuleza okuhlala kujikeleza icala elinye ngasemva kunye nesifuba.

Abanye abantu baqala ukuziva benomsindo okanye iintlungu kwiintsuku ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele irhashalala. Iqala ngamaqhuma abomvu ambalwa. Ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu, uninzi lwamaqhuma ayenzeka.

Amaqhuma agcwalisa ulwelo kwaye ajike abe ngamadyungudyungu, okanye izilonda. Irhashalala inokuhlaba, itshise, okanye urhawuzelele. Inokuba buhlungu kakhulu.

Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, amadyungudyungu aqala ukoma enze i-crust. Okhwekhwe badla ngokuqala ukuwa malunga neveki. Yonke le nkqubo ingathatha kwiiveki ezimbini kuye kwezine. Emva kokuba oononkala bewile, ukutshintsha kombala okufihlakeleyo kunokubonakala kulusu. Ngamanye amaxesha i-blister ishiya amanxeba.

Abanye abantu bafumana iintlungu ezihleli emva kokuba irhashalala icacile. Le yimeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-postherpetic neuralgia. Inokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi, nangona kunjalo kwiimeko ezinqabileyo iintlungu zihlala iminyaka.

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu, kunye norhudo. I-Shingles nayo inokwenzeka ijikeleze iliso, enokuba buhlungu kakhulu kwaye enokubangela ukonakala kwamehlo.

Ngeempawu ze-shingles, jonga umboneleli wezempilo kwangoko. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinzulu.

Yintoni ebangela i-shingles?

Emva kokuba umntu echacha kurhashalala, intsholongwane ihlala ingasebenzi, okanye ilele emzimbeni wayo. Amajoni omzimba ayasebenza ukuyigcina injalo. Kwiminyaka kamva, ngesiqhelo xa loo mntu engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, intsholongwane iyaphinda isebenze kwakhona. Isizathu soku asicaci, kodwa isiphumo sishles.

Ukuba nesistim somzimba esibuthathaka kunokunyusa amathuba okuphucula i-shingles esemncinci. I-Shingles inokuphindaphinda amaxesha amaninzi.

Uza kuthini xa umntu engazange abe nenkukhu okanye isitofu sokugonya?

I-Shingles ayisasazeki isuka komnye umntu iye komnye. Kwaye abo bangazange babe nenkukhu yenkukhu okanye bafumane isitofu sokugonya inkukhu abanakufumana i-shingles.

Intsholongwane ye-varicella zoster ebangela ukuba i-shingles ihanjiswe, nangona kunjalo. Abo bangenayo intsholongwane banokuyifumana kwi-blush shingles blisters, kwaye emva koko bahlakulele inkukhu ngenxa yoko.

Ezi zilandelayo zindlela ezimbalwa zokuthintela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane ye-varicella zoster virus:

• Zama ukuthintela ukuvezwa kwabantu abanenkukhu okanye isinqanda.
• Qaphela ngokukodwa ukuphepha ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokukhawuleza.
• Buza umboneleli wezempilo malunga nokufumana isitofu.

Zimbini izitofu zokugonya ze-shingles ezikhoyo. Isitofu sokugonya esitsha siqulathe intsholongwane engasebenziyo, engazukubangela usulelo lwe-shingles kwaye ke linokunikwa abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu. Isitofu sokugonya esidala sinentsholongwane ephilayo kwaye isenokungakhuseleki kule meko.

Qhagamshelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba bacebisa ukuba ugonyelwe i-shingles.

Zithini iingxaki zokuba nesingxobo kunye ne-HIV?

Abo bane-HIV banokufumana imeko enzima ngakumbi ye-shingles kwaye basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki.

Ukugula ixesha elide

Izilonda zolusu zihlala ixesha elide kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba zishiye amanxeba. Khathalela ukugcina ulusu lucocekile kwaye uphephe ukubonakaliswa ziintsholongwane. Izilonda zesikhumba zichaphazeleka kusulelo lwebacteria.

Kusasazwe i-zoster

Uninzi lwexesha, i-shingles rash ivela kwisiqu somzimba.

Kwabanye abantu, irhashalala isasazeka kwindawo enkulu kakhulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukusasazwa kwezter, kwaye kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kwenzeke kwabo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Ezinye iimpawu zokusasazwa kwezter zingabandakanya intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokuziva okulula.

Iimeko ezinzima zingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlele, ngakumbi kwabo bane-HIV.

Intlungu yexesha elide

I-postherpetic neuralgia inokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

Ukuphinda

Umngcipheko wokuzingisa, u-shingles ongapheliyo uphezulu kubantu abane-HIV. Nabani na one-HIV okrokrela ukuba bane-shingles kufuneka abone umboneleli wabo wezempilo ukuze afumane unyango kwangoko.

Ichongwa njani i-shingles?

Uninzi lwexesha, umboneleli wezempilo unokuxilonga i-shingles ngokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kubandakanya novavanyo lwamehlo ukubona ukuba abachaphazelekanga.

Izibonda zinokuba nzima ukufumanisa i-shingles ukuba irhashalala isasazekile kwinxalenye enkulu yomzimba okanye inokubonakala okungaqhelekanga. Ukuba kunjalo, umboneleli wezempilo angathatha iisampulu zolusu kwisilonda aze azithumele elebhu kwiinkcubeko okanye kuhlalutyo oluncinci.

Zeziphi iindlela zokhetho kunyango lwe-shingles?

Unyango lwe-shingles luyafana nokuba umntu une-HIV. Unyango lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• ukuqala ngamayeza antiviral ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokugula
• ukuthatha i-counter-the-counter (i-OTC) okanye i-reliever pain reliever pain, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zibuhlungu kangakanani
• usebenzisa i-OTC lotion ukunciphisa ukurhawuzelela, uqiniseke ukuthintela ii-lotions eziqukethe i-cortisone
• ukusebenzisa icompress epholileyo

Amaconsi wamehlo aqukethe i-corticosteroids anokunyanga ukuvuvukala kwimeko yokuqunjelwa kwamehlo.

Izilonda ezibonakala ngathi zosulelekile kufuneka zivavanywe ngumboneleli wezempilo kwangoko.

Yintoni imbono?

Kubantu abaphila ne-HIV, ii-shingles zinokuba mandundu ngakumbi kwaye zithathe ixesha elide ukubuyela kuzo kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu abane-HIV bayabuya kwi-shingles ngaphandle kobunzima bexesha elide.