Amanqanaba esi sifo

Umxholo

• Iindidi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo se-Alzheimer
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nemizimba yeLeyy
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo sengqondo esixubileyo
• Sifumana njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Uviwo lwemozulu encinci yengqondo (MMSE)
• Uvavanyo lweMini-Cog
• Ukulinganiswa kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo (CDR)
• Athini amanqanaba esi sifo sengqondo?
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo emnene (MCI)
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Ithini imbono yabantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Yintoni isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sibhekisa kudidi lwezifo ezibangela ukulahleka kwememori kunye nokonakala kweminye imisebenzi yengqondo. Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi senzeka ngenxa yotshintsho emzimbeni kwingqondo kwaye sisifo esiqhubela phambili, oko kuthetha ukuba siya sisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa kuthatha iminyaka ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphambili kwabanye. Ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisizathu esingunobangela wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngelixa abantu beza kuwafumana ngokwahlukileyo amanqanaba esifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo lwabelana ngezinye zeempawu.

Iindidi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Iimpawu kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokufumanisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zezi:

Isifo se-Alzheimer

Isifo i-Alzheimer sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ibalelwa kuma-60 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini amatyala. Ngokuqhelekileyo sisifo esihamba kancinci. Umntu ophakathi uhlala kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwesibhozo emva kokufumana isifo. Abanye abantu banokuhlala kangangeminyaka engama-20 emva kokuba befumene isifo.

I-Alzheimer yenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho lomzimba kwingqondo, kubandakanya nokwakhiwa kweeproteni ezithile kunye nokonakala kwentliziyo.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nemizimba yeLeyy

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esinemizimba yeLeyy luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esenzeka ngenxa yokuhlangana kweprotein kwi-cortex. Ukongeza kwimemori yokulahleka kunye nokudideka, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nemizimba ye-Lewy nayo inokubangela:

• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo
• ukungalingani
• obunye ubunzima bentshukumo

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo, esaziwa njenge-post-stroke okanye i-dementia ye-infarct infarct, yenza malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zazo zonke iimeko zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kubangelwa yimithambo yegazi evaliweyo. Oku kwenzeka kwimivumbo kunye nokunye ukulimala kwengqondo.

Isifo sikaParkinson

Isifo sika-Parkinson yimeko ye-neurodegenerative enokuvelisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esifana ne-Alzheimer kwizigaba zayo zamva. Esi sifo siqhele ukukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuhamba kunye nolawulo lweemoto, kodwa sisenokubangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwabanye abantu.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sibhekisa kwiqela lesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esidla ngokubangela utshintsho kubuntu nakwindlela yokuziphatha. Inokubangela ubunzima bolwimi. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sinokubakho ngenxa yoluhlu lweemeko, kubandakanya isifo sikaPick kunye nesifo se-supranuclear.

Isifo sengqondo esixubileyo

Isifo sengqondo esixubeneyo sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo apho iintlobo ezininzi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zibakho. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu yi-Alzheimer's kunye ne-vascular dementia, kodwa inokubandakanya nezinye iindlela zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Sifumana njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Akukho vavanyo lunye olunokumisela ukuba unesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ukuchongwa kwesifo kusekelwe kuluhlu lweemvavanyo zonyango kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ugqirha wakho uya kukwenza:

• uvavanyo lomzimba
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological
• ukuvavanywa kobume bengqondo
• ezinye iimvavanyo zaselabhoratri ukuthintela ngaphandle kwezinye izizathu zempawu zakho

Ayisiyo yonke into yokudideka kunye nokulahleka kwememori ebonisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ngenxa yoko kubalulekile ukulawula ezinye iimeko, ezinje ngokusebenzisana kweziyobisi kunye neengxaki ze-thyroid.

Olunye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo lubandakanya:

Uviwo lwemozulu encinci yengqondo (MMSE)

I-MMSE yiphepha lemibuzo lokulinganisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-MMSE isebenzisa isikali samanqaku angama-30 kwaye ibandakanya imibuzo evavanya inkumbulo, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kunye nokuqonda, kunye nezakhono zemoto, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Amanqaku angama-24 okanye ngaphezulu abonisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuqonda. Ngelixa amanqaku angama-23 nangaphantsi ebonisa ukuba uneqondo elithile lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Uvavanyo lweMini-Cog

Olu luvavanyo olufutshane lokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Kubandakanya la manyathelo mathathu:

1. Baza kubiza amagama amathathu kwaye bacele ukuba uwaphinde.
2. Bayakukucela ukuba uzobe iwotshi.
3. Baza kukucela ukuba uphinde amagama emva kwenyathelo lokuqala.

Ukulinganiswa kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo (CDR)

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, baya kuthi kwakhona babele amanqaku nge-CDR. Amanqaku asekwe kwintsebenzo yakho kwezi kunye nezinye iimvavanyo, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Amanqaku ngala alandelayo:

• Amanqaku e-0 aqhelekile.
• Amanqaku e-0.5 sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
• Amanqaku e-1 sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
• Amanqaku ama-2 sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
• Amanqaku ama-3 sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Athini amanqanaba esi sifo sengqondo?

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siqhubeka ngokwahlukileyo kuye wonke umntu. Abantu abaninzi baya kuba neempawu ezinxulumene nezi zigaba zilandelayo zesifo se-Alzheimer's:

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo emnene (MCI)

I-MCI yimeko enokuthi ichaphazele abantu abadala. Abanye baba bantu baya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa isifo se-Alzheimer's. I-MCI ibonakala ngokuphulukana nezinto rhoqo, ukulibala, kunye nokuba nengxaki yokuza namagama.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Abantu banokukwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Nangona kunjalo, baya kuba namava ememori achaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, njengokulibala amagama okanye apho izinto zikhona. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zibandakanya:

• ukulahleka kwememori kweziganeko zamva nje
• utshintsho kubuntu, njengokuthotywa ngakumbi okanye ukurhoxa
• ukulahleka okanye ukubeka endaweni engafanelekanga
• ubunzima ngokusombulula iingxaki kunye nemisebenzi enzima, njengokulawula imali
• ingxaki ekulungiseleleni okanye ekuvakaliseni iingcinga

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo baya kufuna uncedo ngakumbi kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kuya kusiba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuzikhathalela njengoko isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siqhubeka. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngeli nqanaba zibandakanya:

• ukwanda kokudideka okanye ukugweba ngendlela engeyiyo
• ukulahleka kwememori okukhulu, kubandakanya ukulahleka kweziganeko kwixesha elidlulileyo
• ukufuna uncedo kwimisebenzi enjengokunxiba, ukuhlamba nokuzilungisa
• ubuntu obubalulekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, ehlala ibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kunye nokusola okungenasiseko
• utshintsho kwiindlela zokulala, njengokulala emini kunye nokuziva ungonwabanga ebusuku

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Abantu baya kuba namava okwehla okungakumbi kwengqondo kunye nokuwohloka kwamandla omzimba nje ukuba isifo siqhubele phambili ukuya kwinqanaba lokudodobala kwengqondo. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sisoloko sinokubangela:

• ukulahleka kokubanakho ukunxibelelana
• isidingo soncedo lwemihla ngemihla ngokusisigxina ngemisebenzi enjengokutya nokunxiba
• ukulahleka kwamandla omzimba, njengokuhamba, ukuhlala, nokubamba intloko phezulu kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukukwazi ukuginya, ukulawula isinyi, kunye nokusebenza kwamathumbu
• ukwanda kokuchaphazeleka kwizifo, ezinje nge-pneumonia

Ithini imbono yabantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo baya kuqhubeka ngezi zigaba ngezantya ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokufumana iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, thetha nogqirha wakho. Ngelixa kungekho nyango lufumanekayo kwi-Alzheimer's kunye nezinye izifo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunokunceda abantu kunye neentsapho zabo benze izicwangciso ngekamva. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kukwavumela abantu ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Oku kunceda abaphandi bakhulise amayeza amatsha kwaye ekugqibeleni bafumane unyango.