Yintoni ingxaki yokucinga?

Umxholo

• Yintoni ingxaki yokucinga esesikweni?
• Iindidi kunye neempawu zenkqubo yokucinga yokuphazamiseka
• I-Alogia
• Ukuthintela
• Ubume beemeko
• Umbutho otshintshayo okanye odlamkileyo
• Ukucocwa
• Intetho ephazamisayo
• Isikolo
• Ezinye iintlobo zengxaki yokucinga
• Ngaba siyazi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo?
• Imiba yomngcipheko wenkqubo yokucinga yokuphazamiseka
• Nini ukubona ugqirha
• Uvavanyo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye noxilongo
• Uvavanyo lwe-Rorschach inkblot
• Isalathiso seNgxaki yokuCinga
• Unyango lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Amayeza
• Unyango ngengqondo
• Yise kude

Yintoni ingxaki yokucinga esesikweni?

Ingxaki yokucinga yindlela engalungelelananga yokucinga ekhokelela kwiindlela ezingaqhelekanga zokubonisa ulwimi xa uthetha nokubhala. Ngenye yeempawu eziphambili zesifo sengqondo, kodwa inokubakho kwezinye iingxaki zengqondo ezinje ngemania kunye noxinzelelo.

Ingxaki yokucinga yenye yezona ngxaki zinzima zengqondo zokuchonga nokunyanga, njengoko uninzi lwabantu lubonisa iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngamanye amaxesha. Abanye abantu banokubonisa ingxaki yokucinga kuphela xa bediniwe.

Kukho ngaphezulu kwe-20 subtypes yengxaki yokucinga. Kule nqaku, siza kuphula iimpawu zezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo. Siza kuphinda sivavanye iindlela zonyango ezinokubakho ukukunceda wena okanye umntu omaziyo alawule esi sifo.

Iindidi kunye neempawu zenkqubo yokucinga yokuphazamiseka

Ingxaki yokucinga yaqala ukubonakala kuncwadi lwenzululwazi kwi, xa yaqala yachazwa njengeempawu zengqondo. Inkcazo yayo evulekileyo yiyo nayiphi na into ephazamisayo entlanganisweni nasekuqhubekeni kweembono.

Uhlobo ngalunye lokuphazamiseka kwengcinga luneempawu ezizodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphazamiseka kunxibelelwano lweengcinga ezikhoyo kuzo zonke iintlobo.

Nangona kuqhelekile ukuba uninzi lwabantu lubonakalise ezinye zeempawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngamanye amaxesha, ingxaki yokucinga ayihlelwa de kube ichaphazele kakubi ukukwazi ukunxibelelana.

Ezi zezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo:

I-Alogia

Abantu abanealogia, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintlupheko yokuthetha, banika iimpendulo ezimfutshane nezingadibaniswanga kwimibuzo. Abantu abanolu hlobo lwesifo sokucinga kunqabile ukuba bathethe ngaphandle kokuba bacelwe. I-Alogia ihlala ibonakala kubantu abane-dementia okanye i-schizophrenia.

Ukuthintela

Abantu abanokucinga ngokuthintela bahlala beziphazamisa ngesiquphe phakathi kwesigwebo. Banokuphumla imizuzwana embalwa okanye imizuzu. Xa beqala ukuthetha kwakhona, bahlala betshintsha umxholo wencoko. Ukuthintela ukucinga kuqhelekile kubantu abane-schizophrenia.

Ubume beemeko

Abantu abanemeko ethile, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimeko yokucinga, okanye intetho ehambelana neemeko, bahlala bebandakanya iinkcukacha ezingafunekiyo xa bethetha okanye bebhala. Bayalugcina uqeqesho lwabo loqobo kodwa banikezela ngeenkcukacha ezininzi ezingeyomfuneko ngaphambi kokuba babuyele kwinqanaba labo eliphambili.

Umbutho otshintshayo okanye odlamkileyo

Umntu onenkqubo yokucinga edlamkileyo wenza ukhetho lwamagama ngokusekwe kwisandi selizwi endaweni yentsingiselo yegama. Banokuxhomekeka ekusebenziseni izicengcelezo, imixholo, okanye iipun kwaye benze izivakalisi ezingavakaliyo. Ukutshintsha kwenkqubo yokucinga luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwemania.

Ukucocwa

Umntu one-derailment uthetha ngeentambo zemixholo enxulumene kuphela. Izimvo zabo zihlala ziwela phambili nangaphezulu kumxholo wencoko. Umzekelo, umntu onengxaki yokuphazamiseka engqondweni unokutsiba xa ethetha ngemivundla ukuya kwiinwele zentloko yakhe ukuya kwijezi yakho.

Intetho ephazamisayo

Umntu onengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwintetho yokuthetha unengxaki yokugcina isihloko. Batshintsha ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwezihloko kwaye baphazanyiswe kukukhuthaza kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala kubantu abane-mania.

Umzekelo, umntu obonisa intetho enokuphazamiseka unokukubuza ngesiquphe apho uyifumene umnqwazi wakho phakathi kwesivakalisi ngelixa ekuxelela ngeholide yamva nje.

Isikolo

Abantu abane-echolalia bayasokola ukunxibelelana. Bahlala bephinda ingxolo namagama abawavayo endaweni yokuveza iingcinga zabo. Umzekelo, endaweni yokuphendula umbuzo, banokuphinda umbuzo.

Ezinye iintlobo zengxaki yokucinga

Isikhokelo sikaJohn Hopkins Psychiatry sikhankanya uluhlu lweentlobo ezingama-20 zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Oku kubandakanya:

• Impazamo yeparaphasic: Ukungaqondakali kakuhle kwegama okanye ukutyibilika kolwimi rhoqo
• Intetho ebunjiweyo: ukusebenzisa ulwimi olungaqhelekanga olusemthethweni okanye oluphelelwe lixesha
• Ukunyamezela: kukhokelela ekuphindaphindweni kwezimvo namagama
• Ukuphulukana neenjongo: ingxaki yokugcina isihloko kunye nokungakwazi ukuza kwinqanaba
• Neologism: ukudala amagama amatsha
• Ukungqinelani: Ukuthetha kwingqokelela yamagama abonakala ngathi angahleliwe, aziwa njenge "word salad"

Ngaba siyazi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo?

Unobangela wokuphazamiseka kwengcinga awaziwa kakuhle. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kodwa kubonakala kubantu abane-schizophrenia kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo.

Isizathu se-schizophrenia nayo ayaziwa, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba izinto zebhayoloji, zemfuza, kunye nokusingqongileyo konke kunokuba negalelo.

Ingxaki yokucinga ichazwe ngokukhululekileyo kwaye iimpawu ziyahluka ngokubanzi, ke kunzima ukufumana unobangela omnye. Abaphandi basezinto ezinokukhokelela kwiimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kunokubangelwa lutshintsho kwiindawo ezinxulumene nolwimi kwingqondo, ngelixa abanye becinga ukuba kunokubangelwa yingxaki kwiindawo ngokubanzi zobuchopho.

Imiba yomngcipheko wenkqubo yokucinga yokuphazamiseka

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yenye yeempawu ezichaza isifo sengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo. Abantu banomngcipheko ophakamileyo wokukhula kwengcinga ukuba nabo:

• ukuphazamiseka kwemood
• ukuxhuzula
• ukudakumba
• ukwenzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
• ixhala

Ngokophando lwango-2005, abantu abanesathuthwane banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba ne-schizophrenia kunye ne-psychosis xa kuthelekiswa noluntu ngokubanzi.

Ukwenzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu yokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko zinokuba semngciphekweni we-schizophrenia, kwaye ngokwandiswa, ingxaki yokucinga:

• uxinzelelo
• ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziguqula ingqondo
• isifo sokudumba kunye nokuzimela
• ukubonakaliswa kwemichiza enetyhefu ngaphambi kokuzalwa

Nini ukubona ugqirha

Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu babonise iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu zihlala zikhona okanye zinzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zinokubangela iingxaki ekunxibelelaneni, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha.

Ingxaki yokucinga inokuba luphawu lwesifo sengqondo. Uninzi lweengxaki zengqondo ezinje nge-schizophrenia ziqhubela phambili kwaye aziphucuki ngaphandle konyango. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka engqondweni bahlala bengazazi iimpawu zabo kwaye bafuna uncedo kwilungu losapho okanye umhlobo.

Ukuba uqaphela naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ze-schizophrenia kumntu omaziyo, unokufuna ukubakhuthaza ukuba babone ugqirha:

• ukukhohlisa
• nemibono
• ukucinga okanye intetho engalungelelananga
• ukutyeshela ucoceko lomntu
• ukungabikho kwemvakalelo
• ukungabikho kobuso
• Ukurhoxa kubomi bentlalo

Uvavanyo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye noxilongo

Xa uxilonga ingxaki yokucinga, ugqirha uya kuthathela ingqalelo ubukrelekrele bomntu, inkcubeko kunye nemfundo ukuze abone ukuba ngaba benza ngokungangqinelaniyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Rorschach inkblot

Eyokuqala yaqanjwa nguHermann Rorschach ngo-1921. Uvavanyo lusebenzisa uthotho lwee-inkblots ezili-10 zokuchonga ukuphazamiseka kwengcinga okunokubakho.

Ii-inkblots zinomdla kwaye isigulana sinika ukutolikwa kwaso ngasinye. Isayikholojisti yolawulo emva koko iguqulela iimpendulo zesigulana ukukhangela ukucinga okunokuphazamiseka.

Isalathiso seNgxaki yokuCinga

Emva kokubandakanya isigulana kwincoko evulelekileyo, ugqirha uya kuyibhala incoko kwaye ayifumane kusetyenziswa isalathiso sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

I-Index yokuPhazamiseka kwengcinga, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Delta Index, luvavanyo lokuqala olusemgangathweni lokuchonga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Amanyathelo okuphazamiseka kwengcinga okunokubakho kunye nobunzima benzima nganye kwisikali ukusuka kwi-zero ukuya kwenye.

Unyango lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo

Unyango lokuphazamiseka kwengcinga kujolise kwimeko yonyango engaphantsi. Ezi ndidi zimbini ziphambili zonyango ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo.

Amayeza

Unyango lwe-Antipsychotic lunokumiselwa ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. La mayeza anokulinganisa ubuchopho beekhemikhali zedopamine kunye ne-serotonin.

Unyango ngengqondo

I-Psychotherapy inceda abantu bathathe indawo yeengcinga zabo ngezona zinokwenzeka kwaye babafundise iindlela zokulawula isigulo.

Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kwengqondo, uhlobo lonyango lwengqondo, kunye nonyango lokunyusa ukuqonda kunokuba luncedo kubantu abane-schizophrenia.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu omthandayo unengxaki yokucinga, bakhuthaze ukuba bafune unyango. Unyango olunokukwazi ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ziyafumaneka, kwaye ugqirha unokunceda ukumisela indlela efanelekileyo yonyango esekwe kwimeko engaphantsi.

Yise kude

Ingxaki yokucinga yindlela engalungelelananga yokucinga ekhokelela kwintetho nakwindlela yokubhala engaqhelekanga. Abantu abanengxaki yokucinga banengxaki ekunxibelelaneni nabanye kwaye banokuba nengxaki yokuqonda ukuba banengxaki.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuwe unengxaki yokucinga, licebo elihle ukubakhuthaza ukuba babonane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.