Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweThrombosis kunye ne-Embolism?

Umxholo

• Iimpawu
• I-venous thrombosis
• Ukudibanisa iipulmonary
• I-Arterial thrombosis
• Yintoni ebangela iibhloko kwimithambo yegazi?
• Uxilongo
• Unyango
• Iingxaki
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-Thrombosis kunye ne-embolism zabelana ngokufana okuninzi, kodwa zizimeko ezizodwa. I-thrombosis yenzeka xa i-thrombus, okanye i-clot yegazi, ikhula kwisitya segazi kwaye inciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwisitya. I-Embolism yenzeka xa isiqwenga segazi, into yasemzini, okanye enye into yomzimba ibambekile kwisitya segazi kwaye ubukhulu becala kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi.

Imeko efanayo, i-thromboembolism, ibhekisa ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kwegazi okubangelwa ngokukodwa kukuqunjelwa kwigazi.

Abantu abaninzi baphuhlisa amahlwili egazi, kwaye zininzi iintlobo kunye nezizathu zethrombosis kunye nokumbumba. Ibhloko ekuhambeni kwegazi kwimithambo enzulu, umthambo omkhulu, okanye imiphunga (imiphunga) yenqanawa yegazi inomngcipheko omkhulu kwezempilo. Uninzi olufayo nyaka ngamnye kwi-vein thrombosis (DVT) okanye kwi-pulmonary embolism.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngezi meko.

Iimpawu

Iimpawu ze-thrombosis kunye ne-embolism zixhomekeke:

• uhlobo lomthambo wegazi ochaphazelekayo
• indawo
• ifuthe lokuhamba kwegazi

I-thrombi encinci kunye ne-emboli engathinteli kakhulu imithambo yegazi ayinakubangela zimpawu. yabantu abane-DVT abanazimpawu zemeko kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, izithintelo ezinkulu zinokubulala indlala izicwili ezisempilweni zegazi kunye neoksijini, zibangele ukudumba kwaye ekugqibeleni zife izicubu.

I-venous thrombosis

Imithambo yimithambo yegazi enoxanduva lokubuyisela igazi entliziyweni ukuze iphinde ibuye. Xa i-clot okanye i-embolus ibhloka umthambo omkhulu okanye onzulu, amachibi egazi emva kwesithintelo, abangela ukudumba. Nangona zinokwenzeka naphina, uninzi lweemeko ze-venous thrombosis zikhula kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze esezantsi. Iibhlokhi ezenzeka kwimithambo encinci okanye engaphezulu ayithandi ukudala iingxaki ezinkulu.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-venous thrombosis zibandakanya:

• iintlungu nokuthantamisa
• ubomvu okanye umbala
• ukudumba, kuhlala kujikeleze iqatha, idolo, okanye unyawo

Indawo echaphazelekayo iya kufudumala nakuchukumisayo.

Ukudibanisa iipulmonary

I-pulmonary embolism (PE) yenzeka xa iqhekeza legazi liqhekeza kwaye lihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwimiphunga. Emva koko ifakwa kwisitya segazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo inxulumene ne-DVT.

I-pulmonary embolism inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye ikhule ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Malunga neziganeko ze-pulmonary embolism, ukufa ngesiquphe luphawu lokuqala. Funa unyango kwangoko ukuba ukrokrela i-PE.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-PE zibandakanya:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• isiyezi kunye nentloko elula
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• Intlungu yesifuba esiba mandundu xa uphefumla
• ukhohlela igazi
• ukudlula

I-Arterial thrombosis

I-Arterial thrombosis ihlala inxulunyaniswa ne-atherosclerosis. I-atherosclerosis kukuphuhliswa kwamacwecwe, okanye ukuqina okunamafutha, kudonga lwangaphakathi lwemithambo. Amacwecwe abangela ukuba umthambo ube mncinci. Oku kwandisa inani loxinzelelo kwisitya segazi. Ukuba olu xinzelelo luba namandla ngokwaneleyo, i-plaque inokungazinzi kwaye iphuke.

Ngamanye amaxesha xa ipleyiti iqhekeza amajoni omzimba asabela ngendlela engaphaya. Oku kunokukhokelela kuphuhliso lwehlwili elikhulu kunye nemeko esongela ubomi, njengokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha.

Funa unyango kwangoko ukuba uneempawu ze-arterial thrombosis kubandakanya:

• iintlungu zesifuba ezihlala zivela ngokungacwangciswanga, njengaxa uphumla, kwaye ngekhe uphendule kumayeza
• ukufutshane okanye ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukubila
• isicaphucaphu
• ilungu okanye indawo yesikhumba esele ipholile, ikhanya ngombala kunesiqhelo, kwaye ibuhlungu kakhulu
• ilahleko engachazwanga yamandla emisipha
• isahlulo esisezantsi sobuso buyekelele kwelinye icala

Yintoni ebangela iibhloko kwimithambo yegazi?

Xa udonga lwemithambo yegazi lwenzakele, iiseli zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets kunye neeproteni, zenza ubunzima obuqinileyo phezu kwenxeba. Obu bunzima bubizwa ngokuba yitrombus, okanye ihlwili legazi. Ihlwili linceda ukutywina indawo yokwenzakala ukunciphisa ukopha nokukhusela ngexesha lokunyanga. Oku kufana nekrwala kwinxeba langaphandle.

Nje ukuba inxeba liphile, amahlwili egazi ayanyibilika ngokwabo. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, amahlwili egazi enza ngokungacwangciswanga, awayi kunyibilika, okanye makhulu kakhulu. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimingcipheko yempilo emandla ngokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokwenza umonakalo okanye ukufa kwizicubu ezibandakanyekayo.

Ukuchaphazeleka nako kunokwenzeka xa ezinye izinto zibanjiwe kwimithambo yegazi, njengamaqamza omoya, iimolekyuli ezinamanqatha, okanye iibhloko zeplate.

Uxilongo

Akukho vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo se-thrombosis kunye ne-embolism, nangona kusetyenziswa i-duplex ultrasound, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso yegazi elibalekayo.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo okanye ukuvavanya amahlwili egazi okanye izithintelo zibandakanya:

• imaging yamagnetic resonance (MRI), okanye iskena sekhompyuter ye-tomography (CT)
• iimvavanyo zegazi
• i-venography, xa i-clot yegazi kucingelwa ukuba ikumthambo
• i-arteriogram, xa kucingelwa ukuba ukuvaleka kubangelwa yimithambo
• Ukuvavanywa kokusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nemiphunga, njengokuphuma kwegazi lokuphanjiswa kwegazi okanye isikeni semiphunga

Unyango

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lwezonyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yegazi okanye isithintelo.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-thrombosis kunye ne-embolism kubandakanya:

• amayeza e-thrombolytic anceda ekunyibilikiseni amahlwili
• amayeza anticoagulant enza kube nzima ukuba amahlwili enze
• i-catheter-Directed thrombolysis, notyando apho ityhubhu ende, ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter, ihambisa amayeza e-thrombolytic ngqo kwi-clot
• i-thrombectomy, okanye utyando lokususa ihlwili
• Iifilitha ze-vena cava ezingaphantsi, okanye amasuntswana emessage abekwe ngotyando ukuze abambe ama-emboli kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka ukuya entliziyweni nasemiphungeni

Utshintsho oluthile lwendlela yokuphila okanye amayeza othintelo anokunceda ukunyanga amahlwili okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuziphuhlisa.

Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda ukunqanda amahlwili egazi okanye izithintelo:

• gcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunye nokutya
• ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala
• umthambo
• hlala u-hydrated
• thintela ixesha elide lokuhlala okanye ukungasebenzi
• phatha iimeko ezingapheliyo zokuvuvukala
• lawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini angenampilo
• Thatha uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namayeza e-cholesterol njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha wakho
• thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuyeka ukusebenzisa amayeza asekwe kwi-estrogen
• sebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini ezinje ngeekawusi zoxinzelelo okanye izixhobo zokucinezela zomoya
• gcina imilenze yakho iphakanyisiwe ngelixa uhleli
• Qiniseka ukuba ugqirha uyazi malunga nembali okanye imbali yosapho yamahlwili okanye iimeko zokujiya
• Yolula unyawo kunye nezihlunu zomlenze yonke imihla
• nxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo

Iingxaki

Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-thrombosis kunye ne-embolism ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka:

• ubungakanani bokucinywa
• Indawo yehlwili
• ibinamathele njani
• iimeko zempilo

I-Embolism ihlala ithathwa njenge inobungozi kune-thrombosis ethambileyo ukuya kumodareyitha kuba i-embolism ihlala ithintela umphandle wegazi.

Iingxaki zamatyala amodareyitha ukuya kubunzima be-thrombosis kunye ne-embolism zibandakanya:

• ukudumba
• intlungu
• owomileyo, okhulayo ulusu
• ukujika kwesikhumba
• Imithambo eyandisiweyo okanye eyandisiweyo, enje nge-spider-web okanye i-varicose veins
• ukulimala kwezicubu
• isifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha
• ukusilela kwamalungu
• ukulahleka kwelungu
• ingqondo okanye ukulimala kwentliziyo
• izilonda

Imbonakalo

Kwiimeko ezincinci ze-thrombosis kunye ne-embolism, iimpawu zinokusombulula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki zonyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Imbonakalo yamatyala amabi kakhulu ixhomekeke ikakhulu kuhlobo, kubungakanani, nakwindawo ekuyo ihlwili okanye isithintelo.

Ngokumalunga nabantu abane-DVT baneengxaki zexesha elide, ngokubanzi zihambelana nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Ukujikeleza kwabantu ngokudityaniswa kwe-DVT kunye ne-PE kuphuhlisa amahlwili amatsha kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10.