Iingxaki ze-thyroid eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuchonga

Umxholo

• 1. Hyperthyroidism okanye iHypothyroidism
• 2. I-Thyroiditis - Ukuvuvukala kwe-thyroid
• 3. IHashimoto's thyroiditis
• 4. I-postpartum thyroiditis
• 5. Goiter
• 6. Isifo samangcwaba
• 7. I-nodule ye-thyroid
• 8. Umhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Ungayichonga njani ingxaki ye-thyroid

Idlala lengqula lisengxoweni ebekwe ngaphambili entanyeni, nenendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni ukulawula imetabolism kunye nokulinganisela komzimba, ngokunxulumene nokusebenza kwentliziyo, kwengqondo, isibindi kunye nezintso. Ukongeza, idlala lengqula likwachaphazela ukukhula, ukuya exesheni, ukuchuma, ubunzima kunye nemeko yeemvakalelo.

Ezi ziphumo zinokwenzeka kuba idlala lengqula likhupha iihormone T3 kunye ne-T4 egazini, zikwazi ukusasazeka emzimbeni wonke. Idlala lengqula lilawulwa yi-pituitary gland, enye idlala ebuchotsheni, ethi yona ilawulwe yingingqi yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yihypothalamus. Ke ngoko, utshintsho nakweyiphi na le mimandla kunokubangela iingxaki kunye neempawu ezinxulumene ne-thyroid.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid kunokubakho ngenxa yeengxaki ezininzi, kwaye kuphela luvavanyo lukagqirha olunokwahlula kwaye luziqinisekise, nangona kunjalo, nazi ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo:

1. Hyperthyroidism okanye iHypothyroidism

I-Hypo kunye ne-hyperthyroidism zizifo ezibangelwa lutshintsho kumanqanaba ehomoni afihlwe yidlala lengqula, kwaye anokuba nesifo sokuzalwa, sokuzimela, sokudumba okanye sesekwesibini kwezinye izifo okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango, umzekelo.

Ngokubanzi, kwi-hyperthyroidism kukho ukwanda kwimveliso yehomoni T3 kunye ne-T4 kunye nokwehla kwe-TSH, ngelixa kwi-hypothyroidism kukho ukwehla kwi-T3 kunye ne-T4 ngokunyuka kwe-TSH, nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho ukwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. .

Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neempawu ezibonisa ezi zifo, jonga iimpawu ezibonisa iingxaki ze-thyroid.

2. I-Thyroiditis - Ukuvuvukala kwe-thyroid

I-Thyroiditis kukudumba kwedlala lengqula, elinokuthi lenze izizathu ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya usulelo lwentsholongwane, njenge-coxsackievirus, i-adenovirus kunye noqwilikana kunye neentsholongwane zemasisi, ukuzimela, okanye ukunxila ngamanye amachiza, njenge-amiodarone, umzekelo.

I-Thyroiditis inokuzibonakalisa ngendlela ebukhali, engacacanga okanye engapheliyo, kwaye iimpawu zivela kwi-asymptomatic ukuya kwiimpawu ezinzulu ezibangela iintlungu ze-thyroid, ubunzima ekuginyeni, kwi-fever okanye kwi-chills, umzekelo, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Qonda indlela eyenzeka ngayo i-thyroiditis kunye nezizathu zayo eziphambili.

3. IHashimoto's thyroiditis

IHashimoto's thyroiditis luhlobo lwesifo esinganyangekiyo se-autoimmune thyroiditis, esibangela ukudumba, ukonakala kweseli kunye nomsebenzi we-thyroid ongasebenzi kakuhle, ongenakho ukukhupha iihomoni ezaneleyo kwigazi.

Esi sifo isifo se-thyroid sihlala sanda ngobukhulu, sibangela i-goiter, kwaye iimpawu ze-hypothyroidism okanye ukutshintshana phakathi kwexesha le-hyper kunye ne-hypothyroidism. Sisifo sokuzimela komzimba esenza ii-antibodies ezinje nge-anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-TSH receptor (anti-TSHr). Jonga unyango ngokunqakraza apha.

4. I-postpartum thyroiditis

I-Postpartum thyroiditis yenye yeendlela ze-autoimmune thyroiditis, echaphazela abasetyhini ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-12 emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abanesifo seswekile okanye ezinye izifo ezizimele.

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, lo mfazi uchaphazeleka kwizicubu zomntwana, kwaye ukuthintela ukwaliwa, amajoni omzimba atshintsha iinguqu ezininzi, ezinokuthi zonyuse amathuba okuphuhliswa kwezifo ezizimeleyo. Olu tshintsho luhlala lubonakaliswa ziimpawu zehypothyroidism, kodwa ayisoloko ifuna unyango kuba umsebenzi we-thyroid unokubuyela esiqhelweni kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12.

5. Goiter

I-Goiter kukunyuka kubukhulu be-thyroid. Inokuba nezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya ukungabikho kwe-iodine, ukudumba kwe-thyroid ngenxa yezifo ezizimele okanye ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva kwi-thyroid, kwaye kunokubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokuxinana emqaleni, ubunzima bokuginya, ukudinwa, ukukhohlela kwaye, kwimeko ezingaphezulu kunzima, nokuba kunzima ukuphefumla.

Unyango lwayo luyahluka ngokwonobangela, kwaye lunokusetyenziswa kwe-iodine, amayeza e-hyper okanye i-hypothyroidism okanye, kwimeko yamaqhuqhuva kunye nee-cysts, kwanokusebenza kotyando lwe-thyroid. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-goiter, ukuba uyichonga njani kwaye uyiphatha njani.

6. Isifo samangcwaba

Isifo se-Graves yindlela ye-hyperthyroidism ngenxa yezizathu zokuzimela, kwaye ngaphezu kweempawu ze-hyperthyroidism, inokubonisa i-thyroid eyandisiweyo, amehlo aphumayo (i-palpebral retraction), ukubunjwa kwamacwecwe aqine kwaye abomvu phantsi kwesikhumba (myxedema).

Unyango lwenziwa ngokulawulwa kwamanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid, kunye namayeza anje ngePropiltiouracil okanye iMetimazole, umzekelo, okanye iodine ene-radioactive.Bona ezinye iinkcukacha malunga neempawu kunye nonyango lwesi sifo apha.

7. I-nodule ye-thyroid

Unobangela wokuvela kwe-cyst okanye i-nodule kwi-thyroid ayisoloko ifunyanwa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamaqhuqhuva kwidlala lengqula, kwaye ngethamsanqa uninzi lwazo alunabungozi, kwaye lunokubonisa ngesiqhuma kwindawo engaphambili yentamo, engabangeli zintlungu, kodwa enokubonwa xa umntu eginya ukutya, kuba umzekelo.

Ingachongwa ngokucofa, kunye neemvavanyo ezinjenge-ultrasound, tomography kunye ne-scintigraphy ye-thyroid, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokuyalela i-biopsy ukuba ifumanise uhlobo lwayo nokuba ingaba inobungozi okanye ayibi. Ngokubanzi, sisigodlo kuphela esibekiweyo, ngaphandle kwaxa umntu eneempawu, xa kukho umngcipheko womhlaza wedlala lengqula okanye xa i-nodule itshintsha inkangeleko okanye ikhula ngaphezulu kwe-1 cm. Bona ezinye iinkcukacha ngokunqakraza apha.

8. Umhlaza wedlala lengqula

Sisifo esibi se-thyroid, kwaye xa kufunyaniswa, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo, olufana nomzimba wonke, ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba amanye amalungu omzimba achaphazelekile. Unyango lwenziwa ngokususwa kwe-thyroid ngokuhlinzwa, kwaye kunokufuneka ezinye iindlela zonyango ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwe-iodine ye-radioactive, umzekelo. Kwiimeko zamathumba abukhali nangakumbi, i-radiotherapy inokusetyenziswa. Jonga iimpawu ezi-7 ezinokubonisa umhlaza wedlala lengqula.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye ufunde ukutya onokukutya ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza we-thyroid:

Ungayichonga njani ingxaki ye-thyroid

Uvavanyo olunokubonisa ubukho beenguqu ze-thyroid ngumlinganiso we-T3, T4 kunye ne-TSH egazini, ukongeza kwezinye ezinje ngomlinganiso we-antibody, i-ultrasound, i-scintigraphy okanye i-biopsy, enokuyalelwa yi-endocrinologist ukuba iphande ngcono isizathu zotshintsho. Funda ngakumbi malunga neemvavanyo ezivavanya idlala lengqula.