Tularemia

Umxholo

• Yintoni iTularemia?
• Ukudluliselwa ebantwini
• Iifom ze-tularemia kunye neempawu zazo
• I-ulceroglandular tularemia
• I-gulaular tularemia
• I-pneumonic tularemia
• I-oculoglandular tularemia
• I-Oropharyngeal tularemia
• I-typhoidal tularemia
• Ubunzima obunokubakho be-tularemia
• Oonobangela betularemia
• Izinto ezinobungozi zetularemia
• Ukuchonga i-tularemia
• Unyango lwe-tularemia
• Ukuthintela i-tularemia
• Imbonakalo yetularemia

Yintoni iTularemia?

I-Tularemia sisifo esosulelayo esihlasela ezi zilwanyana zilandelayo:

• iimpuku zasendle
• oonomatse
• iintaka
• Imivundla

Esi sifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane UFrancisella tularensis. Ingasongela ubomi.

Funda ukuze ufumanise ukuba i-tularemia idluliselwa njani ebantwini, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo kunye neempawu zabo, iindlela zonyango kunye nokunye.

Ukudluliselwa ebantwini

Abantu banokufumana i-tularemia ngokunxibelelana ngqo nesilwanyana esosulelekileyo okanye amakhalane, iingcongconi, okanye ukulunywa ziimpukane.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-tularemia zahlukile kulapho intsholongwane ingena khona emzimbeni womntu.

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yesi sifo ibangelwa kukudibana nolusu kunye neentsholongwane. Olona hlobo lubi sesi sifo lubangelwa kukusezela intsholongwane.

I-Tularemia ihlala inyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Unyango lwakwangoko lubonelela ngombono oqinisekileyo wokuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko ezinzima zinokubulala kwanonyango.

I-Tularemia inqabile. Kukho amatyala amatsha ali-100 ukuya kwangama-200 abikwa eMelika unyaka nonyaka.

Iifom ze-tularemia kunye neempawu zazo

Iimpawu zetularemia zinokwahluka kakhulu, ukusuka kwi-asymptomatic okanye kubumnene ukuya kusongelo lobomi. Iimpawu zihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 zokosulelwa yintsholongwane, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kungathatha ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuvela.

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ibacteria ingena phi emzimbeni womntu. Nazi ezinye zeendlela ze-tularemia kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo.

I-ulceroglandular tularemia

Iimpawu ze-ulceroglandular tularemia, okanye usulelo ngesikhumba, zinokubandakanya:

• isilonda solusu kwinqanaba lokudibana nesilwanyana esosulelekileyo okanye kwindawo yokuluma
• i-lymph node ezivuvukele kufutshane nesilonda solusu (amaxesha amaninzi ekhwapheni okanye kubuhlanti)
• intloko ebuhlungu
• umkhuhlane
• Ukugodola
• ukudinwa

I-gulaular tularemia

Iimpawu ze-gulaular tularemia, okanye usulelo ngesikhumba, ziyafana neempawu zezilonda ezomeleleyo kodwa ngaphandle kwesilonda solusu.

I-pneumonic tularemia

I-pneumonic tularemia lolona hlobo lubi sesi sifo. Idluliselwa ngokusezela. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukhohlokhohlo olomileyo
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ifiva ephezulu
• iintlungu zesifuba

I-oculoglandular tularemia

Iimpawu ze-oculoglandular tularemia, okanye usulelo lweliso, zinokubandakanya:

• ukucaphuka kwamehlo
• iintlungu zamehlo
• ukudumba kwamehlo
• ukukhupha okanye ubomvu iliso
• Isilonda ngaphakathi kwinkophe
• amadlala adumbileyo emva kwendlebe

I-Oropharyngeal tularemia

Iimpawu ze-oropharyngeal tularemia, okanye usulelo ngokungenisa ibacteria, zinokubandakanya:

• umqala obuhlungu
• izilonda emlonyeni
• i-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo entanyeni
• tonsils, okanye iitoni ezidumbileyo
• ukugabha
• urhudo

I-typhoidal tularemia

Iimpawu zesimo esinqabileyo sesi sifo, i-typhoidal tularemia, inokubandakanya:

• ifiva ephezulu kakhulu
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• urhudo
• ukugabha

I-typhoidal tularemia inokukhokelela kwi-pneumonia kunye nokwandiswa kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen.

Ubunzima obunokubakho be-tularemia

Amatyala abukhali kunye nalawo anganyangekiyo enokubangela ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

• ukusilela kwentliziyo okungapheliyo
• ukudumba kwenwebu ejikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nentambo yomqolo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-meningitis
• ukufa

Oonobangela betularemia

Ibhaktiriya UFrancisella tularensis ibangela i-tularemia. Izidalwa ezikwaziyo ukuphatha iibhaktheriya zibandakanya:

• umvundla namakhalane amaxhama
• Iinyamakazi
• hares
• Imivundla
• iimpuku
• izilwanyana ezihamba ngaphandle

Loluphi uhlobo lwe-tularemia olukhulayo luxhomekeke kwindlela ibacteria engena ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuvezwa kolusu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo. Ukuphefumula ngemiphunga lolona hlobo lubi lwe-tularemia.

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, ezinye iintlobo zesifo zinokufikelela kwezi ndawo zilandelayo zomzimba:

• imiphunga
• umqolo
• ingqondo
• Intliziyo

Esi sifo sinokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufa.

Indlela yokungena kunye nefom ye-tularemia ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuvezwa kolusu kubangela i-glandular okanye i-ulceroglandular tularemia.
• Ukuphefumla intsholongwane ye-aerosolized kubangela i-pneumonic tularemia.
• Ukubonakaliswa ngamehlo kubangela i-oculoglandular tularemia.
• Ukungenisa kubangela i-oropharyngeal tularemia.
• Usulelo lwenkqubo (oluchaphazela umzimba uphela) lubangela itularemia yetyphoidal.

Izinto ezinobungozi zetularemia

Izilwanyana zithwala ibhaktheriya ebangela i-tularemia. Usengozini yokufumana esi sifo ukuba unxibelelana rhoqo nezilwanyana.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu we-tularemia babandakanya abo:

• sebenza ngokusondeleyo nezilwanyana, ezinje ngoogqirha bezilwanyana, abagcini bezilwanyana, kunye nabagcini beepaki
• bahlala kwiindawo ezinamahlathi kakhulu
• sebenza ngezidumbu zezilwanyana, ezinje ngabazingeli, oonoteksi, kunye nabosilarha
• sebenza egadini nasekulungiseni umhlaba

Ukuchonga i-tularemia

Ukuchonga i-tularemia akukho lula kuba kuhlala kubonakala njengezinye izifo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena kwebhaktiriya ziyawucofa umba.

Ugqirha wakho kufuneka exhomekeke kakhulu kwimbali yakho yobuqu neyonyango ukunceda ukukufumanisa.

Ugqirha wakho unokurhanela i-tularemia ukuba ukhe wakhenketha kutshanje, ukulunywa zizinambuzane, okanye ukunxibelelana nezilwanyana. Basenokukrokrela ukuba unesi sifo ukuba sele unesifo esibi esibeka emngciphekweni amajoni akho omzimba, njengomhlaza okanye i-HIV.

Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-serology ukufumana i-tularemia. Olu vavanyo lukhangela izilwa-buhlungu ezithe zadalwa ngumzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo.

Kuba uvavanyo lwakwangoko alunakuhlala lubona ii-antibodies, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuqokelela isampuli kwinkcubeko elebhu. Iisampulu zinokuthathwa:

• ulusu
• ithumba
• i-pleural fluid (i-fluid evela kwi-pleurae kwisifuba sesifuba)
• ulwelo lomqolo

Unyango lwe-tularemia

Ityala ngalinye le-tularemia liphathwa ngokwendlela yalo kunye nobukhali. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kuvumela unyango kwangoko ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Iintsholongwane ezinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-tularemia zibandakanya:

• ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
• I-doxycycline (iDoryx)
• inyamicin
• isystomycin

Ungenelelo lotyando lunokufuneka ukukhupha i-lymph node okanye ukudambisa izicwili ezosulelekileyo kwisilonda solusu. Unokunikwa amayeza omkhuhlane okanye iimpawu zentloko.

Ukuthintela i-tularemia

Ukuthintela kubandakanya ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko asisiseko. Iibhaktheriya ziyachuma kwiimeko ezimdaka.Ukuqhambuka kwesi sifo kuye kwenzeka kwiindawo zokuzingela xa abazingeli besilele ukusebenzisa iindlela zokucoca ezikhuselekileyo kwaye bangcolise nezinto zabo.

Ukucoca ngokukhuselekileyo izilwanyana xa uzingela, kufuneka uthathe la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Musa ulusu okanye unxibe (susa amalungu) nasiphi na isilwanyana esibonakala ngathi siyagula.
• Nxiba iiglavu kunye nemigogo xa uphethe nasiphi na isilwanyana.
• Hlamba izandla zakho ngononophelo emva kokuphatha isilwanyana.
• Yipheke kakuhle inyama.

Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-tularemia:

• Nxiba iibhulukhwe nemikhono emide ehlathini ukunceda ukunqanda ukulunywa ngamakhalane.
• Gcina izilwanyana zihlala kude nokutya okanye amanzi.
• Kuphephe ukusela amanzi amachibi okanye amachibi.
• Khusela izilwanyana zakho zangaphandle ezinamakhemikhali kunye namayeza okuphawula.
• Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane.

I-Tularemia i-aerosolized ngokulula. Ngenxa yoku, inokuba yinto ebulalayo ye-bioterrorism arhente ngokwe. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba wosulelwe kukunxibelelana nesilwanyana.

Kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho kwangoko ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba ne-tularemia.

Imbonakalo yetularemia

Imbono yakho ye-tularemia ixhomekeke kubukrakra bale meko kwaye uqala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ukufumana unyango. Ukulaliswa esibhedlele kuqhelekile kwiimeko ezininzi.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-tularemia, jonga ugqirha wakho kwangoko. Ukulibaziseka ekufumaniseni isifo kuya kubangela ukwanda kweempawu.