Valvuloplasty: yintoni na, iintlobo kunye nendlela eyenziwa ngayo

Umxholo

• Iindidi zevalvuloplasty
• Indlela eyenziwa ngayo iValvuloplasty

UValvuloplasty lutyando olwenziwa ukulungisa isiphene kwivelufa yentliziyo ukuze ukujikeleza kwegazi kwenzeke ngokuchanekileyo. Olu tyando lunokubandakanya ukulungisa ivalve eyonakeleyo okanye ukuyifaka kwenye into eyenziwe ngentsimbi, isilwanyana esifana nehagu okanye inkomo okanye umntu ofileyo oswelekileyo.

Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-valvuloplasty ngokwe-valve enesiphene, njengoko kukho iivevithi zentliziyo ezi-4: ivelufa ye-mitral, ivelufa ye-tricuspid, ivelufa yemiphunga kunye nevalve ye-aortic.

I-Valvuloplasty inokuboniswa kwimeko ye-stenosis yayo nayiphi na ivalve, equlathe ukuqina nokuqina, yenza kube nzima ukuba igazi lidlule, kwimeko yokungonelisi kwazo naziphi na izivalo, ezenzeka xa ivelufa ingavali ngokupheleleyo, ukubuya kwevolumu encinci yegazi ngasemva okanye kwimeko ye-rheumatic fever, umzekelo.

Iindidi zevalvuloplasty

I-Valvuloplasty inokuhlelwa ngokwe-valve eyonakalisiweyo, ebizwa ngokuba:

• Mitral valvuloplasty, apho ugqirha elungisa okanye atshintshe i-mitral valve, enomsebenzi wokuvumela igazi ukuba lidlule ukusuka kwi-atrium yasekhohlo ukuya kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo, kuthintela ukuba ingabuyeli emiphungeni;
• Ivalvuloplasty yeAortic, apho ivalve aortic, evumela igazi ukuba liphume kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo ephuma entliziyweni, yonakele kwaye, ke, ugqirha uyayilungisa okanye ayitshintshe enye ivelufa;
• I-valvuloplasty yemiphunga, apho ugqirha elungisa okanye atshintshe i-valve yemiphunga, enomsebenzi wokuvumela igazi ukuba lidlule ukusuka kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo ukuya emiphungeni;
• I-valvuloplasty yeTricuspid, apho i-valve ye-tricuspid, evumela igazi ukuba lidlule ukusuka kwi-atrium elungileyo ukuya kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo, yonakaliswe kwaye, ngoko ke, ugqirha kufuneka alungise okanye atshintshe i-valve enye.

Unobangela wesiphene sevalve, ubungqongqo kunye nobudala besigulana buchonga ukuba ngaba ivalvuloplasty iya kulungiswa okanye itshintshwe.

Indlela eyenziwa ngayo iValvuloplasty

I-Valvuloplasty ihlala yenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia ngokubanzi kunye nokusikwa esifubeni kugqirha ukuze kugcinwe yonke intliziyo. Le ndlela yesiqhelo isetyenziswa ngakumbi xa isiza kutshintshwa, njengakwimeko yokuphinda ubuye kwimitral, umzekelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wotyando unokukhetha iindlela ezingangenisi kangako, ezinje:

• Ibhaluni yevalvuloplasty, equlethwe ukungeniswa kwe-catheter ngebhaluni kwincam, ngesiqhelo nge-groin, ukuya entliziyweni. Emva kokuba i-catheter isentliziyweni, umahluko utofiwe ukuze ugqirha abone ivalve echaphazelekayo kwaye ibhaluni iyaphefumlelwa kwaye ityhafile, ukuze kuvulwe ivalve ecuthayo;
• I-valvuloplasty ebonakalayo, apho kufakwa ityhubhu encinci esifubeni endaweni yokwenza ukusikwa okukhulu, ukunciphisa iintlungu emva kotyando, ubude bokuhlala kunye nobukhulu besibazi.

Zombini iibhaluni ze-valvuloplasty kunye ne-valvuloplasty engagungqiyo zisetyenziswa kwimeko zokulungiswa, kunye nokunyanga i-aortic stenosis, umzekelo.