Into ekufuneka uyazi ngeePathogens kunye nokusasazeka kwezifo

Umxholo

• Yintoni ii-pathogen?
• Iindidi zePathogen
• Iintsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane
• Ngunda
• IiParasites
• Izifo ezibangelwa zizifo
• Iintsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane
• Ngunda
• IiParasites
• Ukukhusela kwizifo
• Yise kude

Yintoni ii-pathogen?

I-pathogen yinto ebangela izifo.

Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo ugcwele iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntsholongwane zibangela ingxaki kuphela ukuba amajoni akho omzimba buthathaka okanye ukuba ayakwazi ukungena kwindawo yesiqhelo engenazintsholongwane emzimbeni wakho.

Iintsholongwane ziyahluka kwaye zinokubangela isifo xa singena emzimbeni.

Yonke into ekuthiwa yi-pathogen kufuneka ichume kwaye iphile ingumbuki zindwendwe. Nje ukuba i-pathogen izibeke emzimbeni womninimzi, iyakwazi ukunqanda iimpendulo zomzimba kwaye isebenzisa izixhobo zomzimba ukuphindaphinda ngaphambi kokuphuma nokusasazeka kumamkeli omtsha.

Iintsholongwane zinokudluliselwa ngeendlela ezimbalwa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Banokusasazeka ngonxibelelwano lolusu, ulwelo lomzimba, amasuntswana omoya, ukudibana nelindle, kunye nokuchukumisa umphezulu ochukunyiswe ngumntu osulelekileyo.

Iindidi zePathogen

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane, kodwa siza kugxila kwiindidi ezine eziqhelekileyo: ii-virus, ibhaktheriya, ifungi, kunye ne-parasites.

Iintsholongwane

Iintsholongwane zenziwe ngeqhekeza lekhowudi yemfuza, enjenge-DNA okanye i-RNA, kwaye ikhuselwe ngeplastikhi. Nje ukuba wosulelwe, iintsholongwane zingena kwiiseli zomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba wakho. Baye basebenzise izinto zeseli yokubamba ukuphindaphinda, ukuvelisa ezinye iintsholongwane.

Emva kokuba umjikelo wokuphindaphindeka ugqityiwe, ezi ntsholongwane zitsha zikhutshwa kwiseli yokubamba. Oku kuhlala konakalisa okanye kutshabalalisa iiseli ezosulelekileyo.

Ezinye iintsholongwane zingahlala zilala kangangexesha ngaphambi kokuba ziphindaphindwe kwakhona. Xa oku kusenzeka, umntu ubonakala ukuba uchache kusulelo lwentsholongwane, kodwa aphinde agule.

I-Antibiotic ayizibulali iintsholongwane kwaye ke ayisebenzi njengonyango lwezifo zentsholongwane. Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane ngamanye amaxesha angasetyenziswa, kuxhomekeke kwintsholongwane.

Iintsholongwane

Iibhaktheriya zincinci ezenziwa kwiseli enye. Zahlukahlukene kakhulu, zinemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu, kwaye zinakho ukuhlala kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kubandakanya nasemzimbeni wakho. Ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane ezibangela usulelo. Ezo zinokuthiwa ziibhaktheriya zepathogenic.

Umzimba wakho unokuba sengozini yosulelo lwebhaktiriya xa amajoni akho omzimba esengozini yintsholongwane. Isimo sesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane senza ukuba intsholongwane engenabungozi ibe yintsholongwane.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria. Ezinye iintlobo zebacteria ziye zamelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, okwenza kube nzima ukunyanga. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokwemvelo, kodwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwee-antibiotics, ngokwe.

Ngunda

Kukho izigidi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungunda emhlabeni. Kulungile okanye njalo kuyaziwa ukuba kubangele ukugula. Ifungi inokufumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kubandakanya ngaphakathi, ngaphandle nangaphandle kolusu lomntu. Zibangela usulelo xa zigqithile.

Iiseli zomngundo ziqulathe i-nucleus kunye nezinye izinto ezikhuselwe yimbrane kunye nodonga lweseli elingqingqwa. Isakhiwo sabo sinokubenza kube nzima ukubulala.

Olunye uhlobo olutsha losulelo lokungunda lubonakala luyingozi ngakumbi, njengeCandida aurus, kwaye lukhuthaze uphando ngakumbi kusulelo lokungunda.

IiParasites

Izidleleli zizinto eziziphatha njengezilwanyana ezincinci, ezihlala ngaphakathi okanye ezikwindibano kwaye zisitya zivela kwindleko yendwendwe. Nangona usulelo lwe-parasitic luxhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yetropiki nakwindawo ezitshisayo, zinokwenzeka naphi na.

Iindidi ezintathu eziphambili zezidleleli zinokubangela izifo ebantwini. Oku kubandakanya:

• iprotozoa, ezizinto ezineseli enye ezinokuphila kwaye zande emzimbeni wakho
• i-helminths, ezikhulu, izinto ezininzi ezineeseli ezinokuhlala ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle komzimba wakho kwaye zaziwa njengeentshulube
• ii-ectoparasites, ezizinto ezininzi ezineeseli ezihlala okanye ezondla ulusu lwakho, kubandakanya nezinambuzane, ezinje ngamakhalane kunye neengcongconi

Banokusasazeka ngeendlela ezininzi, kubandakanya umhlaba ongcolileyo, amanzi, ukutya, kunye negazi, kunye nokunxibelelana ngokwesondo kunye nokulunywa zizinambuzane.

Izifo ezibangelwa zizifo

Iintsholongwane zinokubangela inani lezifo eziba semandleni nokuba zigqithiselwa njani. Makhe sijonge kwezinye zezifo ezibangelwa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane

Iintsholongwane

Iintsholongwane zinokubangela usulelo oluninzi, uninzi lwazo olosulelayo. Imizekelo yezifo zentsholongwane ibandakanya:

• okubandayo Okunye
• umkhuhlane
• meningitis
• iintsumpa, kubandakanya iintsumpa zangasese
• i-herpes yomlomo kunye nobufazi
• Iinkukhu / irhashalala
• imasisi
• I-gastroenteritis yentsholongwane, kubandakanya i-norovirus kunye ne-rotavirus
• hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
• umkhuhlane omthubi
• umkhuhlane wedengue
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo noGawulayo

Iintsholongwane

Nayi eminye imizekelo yosulelo lwebacteria:

• umqalaizitrephi zomqala
• Usulelo lwe-urinary tract (UTI)
• i-bacterial gastroenteritis, efana ne-salmonella ityhefu yokutya okanye usulelo lwe-E. coli
• meningitis yebhaktiriya
• Isifo seLyme
• isifo sephepha
• ukuvuza ngaphantsi
• iselulitis

Ngunda

Eminye imizekelo yezifo eziqhelekileyo zokungunda zezi:

• usulelo lomngundo lobufazi
• itrush
• umbungu
• Unyawo lweembaleki
• jock ukurhawuzelela
• usulelo lwesikhonkwane sokungunda (onychomycosis)

IiParasites

Eminye imizekelo yezifo ezibangelwa zizifunxi-gazi zibandakanya:

• sifiso
• itrichomoniasis
• isifo seengcongconi
• toxoplasmosis
• iintshulube zamathumbu
• Iintwala zikawonke wonke

Ukukhusela kwizifo

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo unokuzikhusela ngazo kunye nakwizifo.

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
• Gonya kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ugonyo luhlaziyiwe.
• Lungisa, upheke uze ugcine inyama nokunye.
• Hlala ekhaya xa ugula, ngakumbi ukuba unefiva okanye urhudo, okanye uyagabha.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zobuqu, ezinje ngeencakuba okanye iibrashi zamazinyo.
• Musa ukwabelana ngeglasi yokusela okanye izixhobo.
• Khusela ekulungeni kwezinambuzane.
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo.
• Ukuhamba ngobulumko ngokufumana ulwazi malunga nemingcipheko yempilo kunye nokugonywa okhethekileyo.

Yise kude

Iintsholongwane ziyakwazi ukusigulisa, kodwa xa sisempilweni, imizimba yethu inokuzikhusela kwizifo nakwizigulo ezizibangelayo.

Unyango luyafumaneka kwizigulo ezininzi ezibangelwa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Kukho ukukhululeka kweempawu kwabo banganyangekiyo, njengosulelo oluthile lwentsholongwane.