Ithambo elaphukileyo

Ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lubekwe emathanjeni kunokuba lunokuma, luya kwahlukana okanye luphuke. Ukuphuka kobuphi na ubungakanani kuthiwa kukwaphuka. Ukuba ithambo elaphukileyo ligqobhoza ulusu, lubizwa ngokuba luqhekeko oluvulekileyo (ukwaphuka komxube).

Ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo kukophuka kwethambo elivelayo ngenxa yeempembelelo eziphindaphindiweyo okanye ezinde ezichasene nethambo. Uxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo luyalwenza buthathaka ithambo de ekugqibeleni lophuke.

Kunzima ukuxelela indawo edibeneyo evela kwithambo elaphukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zombini iimeko zongxamiseko, kwaye amanyathelo okusisiseko okuqala afanayo.

Oku kulandelayo kungunobangela oqhelekileyo wamathambo aphukileyo:

• Ukuwa ukusuka kubude
• Umonzakalo
• Iingozi zeemoto
• Ukubetha ngokuthe ngqo
• Uhlukunyezo lwabantwana
• Ukuphindaphindeka kwemikhosi, njengaleyo ibangelwa kukubaleka, kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lonyawo, iqatha, itibia, okanye inyonga

Iimpawu zethambo elaphukileyo zibandakanya:

• Ilungu elibonakala lingaphandle kwendawo okanye elenziwa ngendlela engeyiyo okanye ilungu elidibeneyo
• Ukudumba, ukugruzuka, okanye ukopha
• Intlungu ebuhlungu
• Ubudenge nokugungqa
• Ulusu olophukileyo kunye nethambo elivelileyo
• Ukuhamba kancinci okanye ukungakwazi ukuhambisa ilungu

Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala aquka:

1. Jonga indlela yokuphefumla yomntu nokuphefumla kwakhe. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, tsalela umnxeba kwi-911 kwaye uqalise ukuhlangula ukuphefumla, i-CPR, okanye ulawulo lokopha.
2. Gcina umntu ezolile kwaye ezolile.
3. Vavanya umntu lowo ngokusondeleyo ukuba akonzakalanga.
4. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba uncedo lonyango luphendula ngokukhawuleza, vumela abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba bathathe amanyathelo.
5. Ukuba ulusu lwaphukile, kufuneka lunyangwe kwangoko ukuthintela usulelo. Tsalela uncedo olukhawulezileyo kwangoko. SUKUPHUMELELA enxebeni okanye uliphonononge. Zama ukugquma inxeba ukunqanda ukungcoliseka ngakumbi. Gquma ngezinxibo ezingenazintsholongwane ukuba ziyafumaneka. Ungazami ukulungelelanisa ukwahlukana ngaphandle kokuba uqeqeshwe ngonyango ukwenza njalo.
6. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, khubaza ithambo elaphukileyo ngentambo okanye isilingi. Izinto ezinokubakho zibandakanya iphepha eligoqiwe okanye iziqwenga zomthi. Yenza ukuba indawo ingabikho ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwethambo elimele.
7. Faka isicelo kwiipakethe zomkhenkce ukunciphisa iintlungu nokudumba. Ukuphakamisa ilungu kunganceda ukunciphisa ukudumba.
8. Thatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukothuka. Beka umntu tyaba, phakamisa iinyawo malunga neesentimitha eziyi-12 (iisentimitha ezingama-30) ngaphezulu kwentloko, uze umgqume umntu ngengubo okanye ngengubo. Nangona kunjalo, MUSA ukumhambisa umntu ukuba kuyakrokrelwa ukuba unentloko, intamo, okanye ukwenzakala emqolo.

HLOLA UKUJIKELELWA KWEGAZI

Jonga ukujikeleza kwegazi lomntu. Cinezela ngokuqinileyo ngaphezulu kwesikhumba ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqhekeka. (Umzekelo, ukuba ukwaphuka kumlenze, cinezela elunyaweni). Kuya kufuneka i-blanch emhlophe kuqala kwaye emva koko "ipinki" malunga nemizuzwana emi-2. Iimpawu zokuhambisa azonelanga zibandakanya ulusu olumhlophe okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela, kunye nelahleko yokubetha.

Ukuba ukujikeleza kukuhlwempuzekile kwaye abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo AKUFUMANEKI ngokukhawuleza, zama ukulungelelanisa ilungu kwindawo yokuphumla eqhelekileyo. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukudumba, iintlungu, kunye nomonakalo kwizicwili ngenxa yokuswela igazi.

UKUNYANGELA UKOPHA

Beka ilaphu elomileyo nelicocekileyo enxebeni ukuze ulinxibe.

Ukuba ukopha kuyaqhubeka, sebenzisa uxinzelelo ngqo kwindawo yokopha. SUKUFAKA i-tourniquet emaphethelweni ukunqanda ukopha ngaphandle kokuba kusongela ubomi. Izicubu zinokuphila kuphela ixesha elilinganiselweyo kwakamsinya nje ukuba kusetyenziswe i-tourniquet.

• Musa ukumhambisa umntu ngaphandle kokuba ithambo elaphukileyo lizinzile.
• SUKUTSHINTSHE umntu okhalweni, isinqe, okanye umlenze wangaphezulu ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile. Ukuba kufuneka umhambise umntu, mtsalele kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngeempahla zakhe (ezinje ngamagxa ehempe, ibhanti, okanye imilenze yeepant).
• SUKUHAMBA umntu onokwenzakala emqolo.
• Ungazami ukolula ithambo okanye utshintshe indawo ebekwe kuyo ngaphandle kokuba ukujikeleza kwegazi kubonakala kuthintekile kwaye akukho basebenzi baqeqeshiweyo kwezonyango abakufutshane.
• Ungazami ukubeka endaweni yomntu ocinga ukuba wenzakele umqolo.
• SUKUVAVANLE ukukwazi kwethambo ukuhamba.

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ukuba:

• Umntu akaphenduli okanye ulahlekelwa yingqondo.
• Kukho utyholwa ngokukrolwa kwethambo entloko, entanyeni, okanye emqolo.
• Kukho ukrokrelwa ithambo elaphukileyo esinqeni, esinqeni, okanye kumlenze wangasentla.
• Awunakukhupha ngokupheleleyo ukwenzakala kwindawo yakho ngokwakho.
• Ukopha kakhulu.
• Indawo engaphantsi kwelungu elonzakeleyo iphaphathekile, iyabanda, yiclammy, okanye iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Kukho ithambo elivelayo kulusu.

Nangona amanye amathambo aphukileyo angangabi ngxamiseko kwezonyango, kusafanele bafumane unyango. Shayela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ufumanise ukuba uza kubonakala nini kwaye nini.

Ukuba umntwana omncinci uyala ukubeka ubunzima engalweni okanye emlenzeni emva kwengozi, ngekhe ashukumise ingalo okanye umlenze, okanye ungabona ngokucacileyo ukukhubazeka, ucinga ukuba umntwana uphukile ithambo kwaye ufumana uncedo lwezonyango.

Thatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethambo elaphukileyo:

• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ngelixa uskiya, ukhwela ibhayisikile, usonga iroller, kwaye uthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa isigcina-ntloko, iiphedi zengqiniba, iiphedi zedolo, oonogada besihlahla, kunye neepin pads.
• Yakha ikhaya elikhuselekileyo labantwana abancinci. Beka isango kwizinyuko uze ugcine iifestile zivaliwe.
• Fundisa abantwana ukuba bakhuseleke njani kwaye bazikhathalele.
• Jonga abantwana ngononophelo. Akukho sithatha indawo yokujonga, nokuba imeko-bume okanye imeko ikhuseleke kangakanani na.
• Thintela ukuwa ngokungami kwizitulo, kwiikhawuntala zokubala, okanye kwezinye izinto ezingazinzanga. Susa imijukujelwa neentambo zombane kwindawo yomgangatho. Sebenzisa izibambo zokubambelela kwizinyuko nakwimethi engatyibiliki kwiibhafu. La manyathelo abaluleke ngokukodwa kubantu abadala.

Ithambo - yaphukile; Ukwaphuka; Uxinzelelo lwengqondo; Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo

• Ukulungiswa kokuphuka kwabasetyhini-ukukhutshwa
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip - ukukhutshwa

• X-reyi
• Iindidi zokwaphuka (1)
• Ukophuka, ingalo- x-reyi
• Osteoclast
• Ukulungiswa kwethambo lokwaphuka - uthotho
• Iindidi zokwaphuka (2)
• Isixhobo sokulungisa sangaphandle
• Ukuqhekeka kwipleyiti yokukhula
• Izixhobo zokulungiswa kwangaphakathi

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UKim C, uKaar SG. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukudibana nokwaphuka kunyango lwezemidlalo. Ku: Miller MD, Thompson SR, ii-eds. UDeLee Drez kunye neMiller's Orthopedic Sports Medicine. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 10.

Whittle AP. Imigaqo ngokubanzi yonyango lokophuka. Ku: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Kanale ST, ii-eds. Umsebenzi weCampbell's Orthopedics. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 53.