Ukwenzakala entloko - uncedo lokuqala

Ukwenzakala entloko kuko nakuphi na ukwenzakala kwisikhumba, ukhakhayi, okanye ingqondo. Ukulimala kunokuba yinto encinci kwi-skull okanye ukulimala kwengqondo.

Ukulimala kwentloko kungavalwa okanye kuvuleke (kungene).

• Ukwenzakala entloko okuvaliweyo kuthetha ukuba ufumene inxeba entloko ngenxa yokubetha into, kodwa loo nto ayikhange ilophule ukakayi.
• Ukonzakala entlokweni evulekileyo, okanye okungena ngaphakathi kuthetha ukuba ubethwe ngento eyophule ukakayi yangena ebuchotsheni. Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu xa usenza isantya esiphezulu, njengokuhamba ngefestile ngexesha lengozi yemoto. Inokwenzeka kwakhona ukusuka kuqhushumbo entloko.

Ukulimala kwentloko kubandakanya:

• Ingxubusho, apho ingqondo ishukunyiswa khona, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokwenzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu.
• Amanxeba esikhumba.
• Uqhekeko lwentloko.

Ukulimala kwentloko kunokubangela ukuphuma kwegazi:

• Kwizihlunu zobuchopho
• Kwimihlaba ejikeleze ingqondo (i-subarachnoid hemorrhage, i-hematoma engaphantsi, i-hematoma yangaphandle)

Ukulimala kwentloko sisizathu esiqhelekileyo sokutyelelwa kwegumbi likaxakeka. Inani elikhulu labantu abonzakala entloko ngabantwana. Ukulimala kwengqondo eyenzakalisayo (i-TBI) iiakhawunti ngaphezulu kwe-1 kwezi-6 zokwamkelwa esibhedlele ezinxulumene nokwenzakala minyaka le.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokulimala kwentloko zibandakanya:

• Iingozi ekhaya, emsebenzini, ngaphandle, okanye ngelixa udlala imidlalo
• Ukuwa
• Ukubethwa
• Iingozi zendlela

Uninzi lokonzakala lincinci kuba ukakayi lukhusela ingqondo. Olunye ukonzakala lukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ludinga ukuhlala esibhedlele.

Ukulimala kwentloko kunokubangela ukopha kwizihlunu zobuchopho kunye namanqanaba ajikeleze ingqondo (subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma).

Iimpawu zokulimala entloko zinokwenzeka kwangoko okanye zinokuphuhla kancinci kwiiyure ezininzi okanye kwiintsuku. Nokuba ukakayi alophulwanga, ingqondo inokubetha ngaphakathi kukhakhayi kwaye ityumke. Intloko inokubonakala intle, kodwa iingxaki zinokubangelwa kukopha okanye ukudumba ngaphakathi kokakayi.

Intambo yomgogodla inokwenzakala xa usiwa kubude obuphakamileyo okanye ukukhutshwa kwisithuthi.

Olunye ukonzakala entloko kubangela utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukwenzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu. Ingxubusho kukonzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu. Iimpawu zokuxubana zinokuthamba ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Ukufunda ukukwamkela ukwenzakala entloko kwaye unike uncedo lokuqala olusisiseko kunokusindisa ubomi bomntu. Ukonzakala entloko ngokumodareyitha ukuya konobuzaza, CALL 911 RIGHT AWAY.

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko ukuba umntu:

• Ulala kakhulu
• Uziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, okanye unentetho engavakaliyo
• Iphuhlisa intloko ebuhlungu okanye intamo elukhuni
• Uxhuzula
• Inabafundi (indawo emnyama esembonweni yamehlo) yobungakanani obungalinganiyo
• Ayikwazi ukuhambisa ingalo okanye umlenze
• Ukuphulukana nokuqonda, nokuba kufutshane
• Ukuhlanza ngaphezulu kwesinye

Emva koko thabatha amanyathelo alandelayo:

1. Jonga indlela yomoya yomntu, ukuphefumla, kunye nokuhamba. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qala ngokuhlangula ukuphefumla kunye neCPR.
2. Ukuba ukuphefumla komntu kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo yakhe kuqhelekile, kodwa umntu akazi nto, ziphathe ngokungathi kukho ukwenzakala komqolo. Zinzisa intloko nentamo ngokubeka izandla zakho kumacala omabini entloko yomntu. Gcina intloko ihambelana nomqolo kwaye unqande ukuhamba. Lindela uncedo lwezonyango.
3. Yeka nakuphi na ukopha ngokucinezela ngokuqinileyo ilaphu elicocekileyo enxebeni. Ukuba ukwenzakala kubi, lumka ungahambisi intloko yomntu. Ukuba igazi lingena emanzini ngelaphu, musa ukulisusa. Beka elinye ilaphu kwelokuqala.
4. Ukuba ukrokrela ukophuka kokakayi, musa ukufaka uxinzelelo ngqo kwindawo ekopha, kwaye ungasusi nabuphi na ubutyobo enxebeni. Gubungela inxeba ngokugqoka i-gauze eyinyumba.
5. Ukuba umntu uyagabha, ukuthintela ukukrwitshwa, qengqeleka intloko yomntu, intamo, kunye nomzimba njengeyunithi enye kwicala labo. Oku kukhusela umqolo, ekufuneka usoloko ucinga ukuba wenzakele kwimeko yokwenzakala entloko. Abantwana bahlala begabha kube kanye emva kokonzakala entloko. Le isenokungabi yingxaki, kodwa tsalela umnxeba ugqirha ukufumana ingcebiso engaphezulu.
6. Faka imithambo yomkhenkce kwiindawo ezidumbileyo (gubungela umkhenkce kwitawuli ukuze ingachukumisi ngqo ulusu).

Landela la manyathelo:

• SUKUVA inxeba lasentloko elinzulu okanye elophayo kakhulu.
• SUKUYISUSE nayiphi na into enamathele enxebeni.
• MUSA ukumhambisa umntu ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile.
• SUKUMShukumisa umntu ukuba ubonakala enokothuka.
• SUKUSUSA isigcina-ntloko ukuba ukrokrela ukwenzakala entloko.
• MUSA ukumthatha umntwana owileyo onempawu zokulimala entloko.
• Musa ukusela utywala kwiiyure ezingama-48 wenzakele kakhulu entloko.

Ukulimala entloko okubandakanya ukopha okanye ukonakala kwengqondo kufuneka kunyangwe esibhedlele.

Ukwenzakala entloko kancinci, akukho nonyango inokufuneka. Nangona kunjalo, fowunela iingcebiso zonyango kwaye ujonge iimpawu zokonzakala kwentloko, ezinokuthi zibonakale kamva.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kuchaza ukuba ulindele ntoni, indlela yokulawula nayiphi na intloko, indlela yokuphatha ezinye iimpawu, xa ubuyela kwezemidlalo, esikolweni, emsebenzini, nakweminye imisebenzi, kunye neempawu okanye iimpawu zokukhathazeka.

• Abantwana baya kudinga ukubonwa kwaye benze utshintsho lomsebenzi.
• Abantu abadala bafuna ukujongwa kufutshane kunye notshintsho lomsebenzi.

Bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana kufuneka balandele imiyalelo yomboneleli malunga nokuba kuya kubakho nini ukubuyela kwezemidlalo.

Tsalela umnxeba kwi-911 ngoko nangoko ukuba:

• Kukho intloko ebukhali okanye ukopha ebusweni.
• Umntu udidekile, udiniwe, okanye uqulekile.
• Umntu uyeka ukuphefumla.
• Ukrokrela ukwenzakala entloko okanye entanyeni, okanye umntu uvelisa naziphi na iimpawu zokulimala entloko.

Ayizizo zonke iintlungu zentloko ezinokuthintelwa. La manyathelo alula alandelayo anokunceda ukugcina wena nomntwana wakho nikhuselekile:

• Njalo sebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela ngexesha lezinto ezinokubangela ukulimala kwentloko. Oku kubandakanya amabhanti okuhlala, ibhayisekile okanye iminqwazi yokukhwela izithuthuthu neminqwazi.
• Funda kwaye ulandele iingcebiso ngokhuseleko lwebhayisikile.
• Musa ukusela kwaye uqhube, kwaye ungazivumeli ukuba uqhutyelwe ngumntu omaziyo okanye okrokrelayo ukuba usela utywala okanye akalunganga ngenye indlela.

Ukulimala kwengqondo; Ukonzakala kwentloko

• Ukuxubusha kubantu abadala-ukukhutshwa
• Ingxubusho kubantu abadala-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuxubana ebantwaneni-ukukhutshwa
• Ingxubusho ebantwaneni-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko ebantwaneni

• Ingxubusho
• Isigcina-ntloko sebhayisekile - ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo
• Ukwenzakala entloko
• I-Intracerebellar hemorrhage-CT ukuskena
• Iimpawu zokulimala kwentloko

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U-Hudgins E, Grady S.Ukuvuselelwa kwasekuqaleni, ukhathalelo lwangaphambi kwesibhedlele, kunye nokunakekelwa kwegumbi likaxakeka ekonzakaleni kwengqondo. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ugqirha we-Youmans kunye no-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 348.

UPapa L, Goldberg SA. Ukonzakala kwentloko. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: Iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 34.