Into yangaphandle - iginyiwe

Ukuba uyayiginya into yelinye ilizwe, inokubambelela kwithumbu lesisu (GI) ukusuka kummango (ukugwinya ityhubhu) ukuya kwikholoni (amathumbu amakhulu). Oku kunokukhokelela ekuvaleni okanye ekukrazuleni iphecana le-GI.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala liqela lobudala elinokuthi liginye into yelinye ilizwe.

Ezi zinto zinokubandakanya iinkozo zemali, iimabhile, izikhonkwane, iirabha zepensile, amaqhosha, amaso, okanye ezinye izinto ezincinci okanye ukutya.

Abantu abadala banokuzigwinya izinto zangaphandle ngenxa yokunxila, ukugula ngengqondo, okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Abantu abadala abanengxaki yokuginya banokungaginya ngengozi amazinyo abo okufakelwa. Abasebenzi bokwakha bahlala beginya iinzipho okanye izikrufu, kwaye abathungi kunye nabanxibi bahlala beginya izikhonkwane okanye amaqhosha.

Abantwana abancinci bayathanda ukuphonononga izinto ngemilomo yabo kwaye banokuginya into ngenjongo okanye ngengozi. Ukuba into idlula kumbhobho wokutya kwaye ingene esiswini ngaphandle kokubambeka, iya kudlula kuyo yonke iphecana le-GI. Izinto ezibukhali, ezibonakalisiweyo, okanye ezinobunzima ezinjengeebhetri zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.

Izinto zihlala zidlula kwi-GI tract kwiveki. Kwiimeko ezininzi, into idlula ngaphandle kokulimaza umntu.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukukrwitsha
• Ukukhohlela
• Ukukhawuleza
• Ukuphefumla okunengxolo
• Akukho ngxaki yokuphefumla okanye yokuphefumla (uxinzelelo lokuphefumla)
• Intlungu yesifuba, yomqala, okanye yentamo
• Ukuguqula umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, okanye omhlophe ebusweni
• Kunzima ukuginya amathe

Ngamanye amaxesha, kubonakala kuphela iimpawu ezincinci ekuqaleni. Into inokulityalwa kude kube neempawu ezinjengokudumba okanye usulelo.

Nawuphi na umntwana okholelwa ukuba uginye into yangaphandle kufuneka ajongwe:

• Ukuphefumla ngokungaqhelekanga
• Ukutsala amathe
• Ifiva
• Ukucaphuka, ngakumbi kwiintsana
• Ukuthantamisa kwengingqi
• Ubuhlungu (umlomo, umqala, isifuba, okanye isisu)
• Ukuhlanza

Ilindle (intshukumo yamathumbu) kufuneka ihlolwe ukujonga ukuba ngaba into idlulile na emzimbeni. Oku kuya kuthatha iintsuku eziliqela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela ukuphuma kwegazi okanye ukuphuma kwegazi.

Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopy inokufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana uginye into kwaye uyayisusa. I-Endoscopy iya kwenziwa ukuba into inde okanye ibukhali, okanye yimagnethi okanye ibhetri yediski. Kuya kwenziwa kwakhona ukuba umntwana uvuza amanzi, uphefumla nzima, umkhuhlane, ukugabha, okanye iintlungu. IX-reyi inokwenziwa.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokufuneka kwenziwe utyando ukususa into.

Sukunyanzela ukondla abantwana abalilayo okanye abaphefumla ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntwana angenise ulwelo okanye ukutya okuqinileyo kwindlela yomoya.

Tsalela umnxeba ukhathalelo lwempilo okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana uginye into yelinye ilizwe.

Amanyathelo othintelo abandakanya:

• Sika ukutya kube ngamaqhekeza amancinci abantwana abancinci. Bafundise indlela yokuhlafuna kakuhle.
• Ungakhuthazi ukuthetha, ukuhleka, okanye ukudlala ngelixa ukutya kusemlonyeni.
• Musa ukunika ukutya okunokuba yingozi okufana nezinja ezishushu, iidiliya ezipheleleyo, amandongomane, ipapa, ukutya namathambo, okanye iilekese ezilukhuni kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3.
• Gcina izinto ezincinci apho abantwana abancinci bangenakufikelela khona.
• Fundisa abantwana ukuthintela ukubeka izinto zangaphandle ezimpumlweni nakwezinye izinto ezivulekileyo emzimbeni.

Ukungenisa umzimba welinye ilizwe

IKliegman RM, iSt. Geme JW, iBlum NJ, i-Shah SS, iTasker RC, uWilson KM. Amaqumrhu angaphandle kunye neebars. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 360.

I-Pfau PR, i-Benson M.Imizimba yamanye amazwe, ii-bezoars, kunye nokungena okungafunekiyo. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 28.

ISchoem SR, iRosbe KW, uLee ER. Amaqumrhu angaphandle omoya kunye nokungena ngaphakathi. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 211.

UThomas SH, uGoodloe JM. Amalungu angaphandle. Kwiindonga RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: Iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 53.