Ukuqonda ingozi yomhlaza webele

Umngcipheko womhlaza webele zizinto ezonyusa ithuba lokuba ufumane umhlaza. Eminye yemingcipheko onokuyilawula, njengokuselwa kotywala. Ezinye, ezinje ngembali yosapho, awukwazi ukuzilawula.

Eyona miba mngcipheko onayo, kokukhona umngcipheko uyanda. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba uza kufumana umhlaza. Abasetyhini abaninzi abanesifo somhlaza wamabele abanazo naziphi na izinto eziyingozi okanye imbali yosapho.

Ukuqonda imeko yakho yomngcipheko kunokukunika umfanekiso ongcono wento onokuyenza ukunceda ukuthintela umhlaza wamabele.

Imiba yomngcipheko ongenakuyilawula ibandakanya:

• Ubudala. Umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele uyanda njengoko ukhula. Uninzi lomhlaza lufumaneka kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu.
• Utshintsho kwigene. Utshintsho kwimfuza enxulunyaniswa nomhlaza webele, njenge-BRCA1, i-BRCA2, kunye nabanye bonyusa umngcipheko. I-akhawunti yokutshintsha kwe-Gene malunga ne-10% yazo zonke iimeko zomhlaza webele.
• Izicubu zamabele ezixineneyo. Ukuba nezicubu zesifuba ezixineneyo kunye namathambo amabele angaphantsi kunokwandisa umngcipheko. Kwakhona, izicubu zamabele ezixineneyo zingenza amathumba kube nzima ukuwabona kwimammography.
• Ukuvezwa kwemitha. Unyango olubandakanya unyango lwemitha eludongeni lwesifuba njengomntwana lunokunyusa umngcipheko.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wamabele. Ukuba umama wakho, udadewenu, okanye intombi yakho yafunyaniswa ukuba inomdlavuza webele, unobungozi obukhulu.
• Imbali yobuqu yomhlaza wamabele. Ukuba unomdlavuza webele, usengozini yokuba nomhlaza wesifuba ubuye.
• Imbali yobuqu yomhlaza we-ovari.
• Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezifumaneka ngexesha le-biopsy. Ukuba izicubu zakho zebele zavavanywa elebhu kwaye zineempawu ezingaqhelekanga (kodwa hayi umhlaza), umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.
• Imbali yokuzala kunye nokuya exesheni. Ukufumana ixesha lakho ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12, ukuqala ukuya exesheni emva kweminyaka engama-55, ukukhulelwa emva kweminyaka engama-30, okanye ukungaze ukhulelwe konke kukonyusa umngcipheko.
• I-DES (iDiethylstilbestrol). Eli yayilichiza elinikwa abasetyhini abakhulelweyo phakathi kuka-1940 no-1971.Abasetyhini abachaphazeleka kwichiza esibelekweni babenomngcipheko ophakame kancinci.

Izinto zomngcipheko onokuzilawula zibandakanya:

• Unyango ngemitha. Ukunyanga ngemitha kwindawo yesifuba ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-30 kukonyusa umngcipheko.
• Ukusela utywala. Okukhona usela kakhulu, kokukhona umngcipheko wakho umkhulu.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elideUnyango lwehomoni. Ukuthatha i-estrogen kunye neprogestin kunye kunye nokuyeka ukuya exesheni iminyaka emi-5 okanye nangaphezulu kwandisa umngcipheko. Akucaci ukuba, okanye kangakanani, ukuthatha iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa eziqukethe i-estrogen kwandisa umngcipheko.
• Ubunzima. Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye abafazi abatyebe kakhulu emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni banomngcipheko ophezulu kunabafazi kwizisindo ezisempilweni.
• Ukungasebenzi komzimba. Abasetyhini abangazilolongi rhoqo ubomi babo bonke banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu.

Ngenxa yokuba unemingcipheko ongakwaziyo ukuyilawula akuthethi ukuba awunakuthatha manyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko. Qala ngokwenza utshintsho oluthile kwindlela yokuphila kunye nokusebenza nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Nazi izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele.

• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Zilolonge ubuncinci iiyure ezi-4 ngeveki.
• Thintela utywala, okanye ungabinasiselo esinxilisayo esinye ngosuku.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thintela okanye unciphise imitha kwiimvavanyo zokucinga, ngakumbi ngexesha lokufikisa.
• Ukuncancisa, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kunokunciphisa umngcipheko.
• Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nomngcipheko kunye nezibonelelo ngaphambi kokuthatha unyango lwehomoni. Unokufuna ukunqanda ukuthatha i-estrogen edityaniswe neprogesterone okanye iprogestin.
• Ukuba unembali yosapho yomhlaza wamabele, buza umboneleli wakho malunga novavanyo lofuzo.
• Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35, kwaye unobungozi obukhulu bomhlaza wesifuba, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga namayeza okunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele ngokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa i-estrogens emzimbeni. Babandakanya i-tamoxifen, i-raloxifene, kunye ne-aromatase inhibitors.
• Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga notyando lokuthintela ukususa izicubu zebele (mastectomy). Inokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho kangange-90%.
• Cinga ngotyando ukususa ii-ovari zakho. Iyakwehlisa i-estrogen emzimbeni kwaye inokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele kangange-50%.

Ezinye iindawo aziwa okanye azikaqinisekiswa. Izifundo zijonga izinto ezinjengokutshaya, ukutya, iikhemikhali, kunye nohlobo lweepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa njengezinto ezinokuba semngciphekweni. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba unomdla wokujoyina ulingo lweklinikhi yothintelo lomhlaza wamabele.

Kuya kufuneka ubize umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Unemibuzo okanye inkxalabo malunga nomngcipheko womhlaza webele.
• Unomdla kuvavanyo lwemfuza, amayeza othintelo, okanye unyango.
• Kulindeleke ukuba ube nemammogram.

ICarcinoma-lobular - umngcipheko; DCIS; LCIS ​​- umngcipheko; I-Ductal carcinoma in situ-umngcipheko; Lobular carcinoma in situ - umngcipheko; Umhlaza webele - uthintelo; Umngcipheko womhlaza webele we-BRCA

UHenry NL, u-Shah PD, uHaider I, uFreer PE, uJagsi R, uSabel MS. Umhlaza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 88.

UMoyer VA; IiNkonzo zoThintelo ze-US. Uvavanyo lomngcipheko, ukululekwa ngemfuza, kunye nokuvavanywa kwemfuza kumhlaza onxulumene ne-BRCA kwabasetyhini: Ingxelo yengcebiso yengcebiso ye-US. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2014; 160 (4): 271-281. IINKCUKACHA: 24366376 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24366376/.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Uthintelo lomhlaza webele (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/stress-prevention-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Epreli 29, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 24, 2020.

Siu AL; IiNkonzo zoThintelo ze-US. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wamabele: I-US Preventive Services Task Force statement. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2016; 164 (4): 279-296. IINKCUKACHA: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

• Umhlaza webele