Intlungu yomqolo

Umqolo wentambo yomqolo ngumonakalo kwintambo yomqolo. Inokubangelwa kukulimala ngokuthe ngqo kwintambo ngokwayo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwisifo samathambo akufutshane, izicubu, okanye imithambo yegazi.

Intambo yomqolo inemicu yentsimbi. Le mithambo-luvo ithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo nomzimba wakho. Intambo yomgogodla idlula kumjelo womqolo womqolo wakho entanyeni yakho kwaye ubuyele ezantsi kwi-vertebra yokuqala ye-lumbar.

Ukulimala kwentambo yomqolo (i-SCI) kunokubangelwa yiyo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Uhlaselo
• Ukuwa
• Amanxeba okudutyulwa
• Iingozi zoshishino
• Iingozi zeemoto (MVAs)
• Ukuntywila
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo

Ukulimala okuncinci kunokonakalisa intambo yomqolo. Iimeko ezinje nge-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-osteoporosis zinokuwenza buthathaka umqolo, oqhele ukukhusela intambo yomqolo. Ukonzakala kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba umjelo womqolo ukhusela intambo yomqolo uye waba mncinci kakhulu (i-spinal stenosis). Oku kwenzeka ngexesha lokwaluphala eliqhelekileyo.

Ukulimala ngqo okanye ukonakala kwintambo yomqolo kunokwenzeka ngenxa:

• Imivumbo ukuba amathambo ebuthathaka, akhululile, okanye aqhekeka
• Ukukhutshwa kweediski (xa idiski inyanzela intambo yomqolo)
• Iziqwenga zethambo (ezinje ngee-vertebrae ezaphukileyo, ezingamathambo omqolo) kumqolo womqolo
• Iziqwenga zentsimbi (ezinje ngengozi yezithuthi okanye umpu)
• Ukutsala ngapha nangapha okanye ukucinezela okanye uxinzelelo ekujijweni kwentloko, intamo okanye umqolo ngexesha lengozi okanye ubuqhetseba be-chiropractic
• Tight canal spinal (stenosis yomgogodla) ocofa intambo yomqolo

Ukopha, ukwakheka kolwelo, kunye nokudumba kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwentambo yomqolo (kodwa ngaphakathi komjelo womqolo). Oku kunokucinezela kwintambo yomgogodla kwaye kuyonakalise.

Uninzi lweempembelelo ze-SCIs, ezinjengeengozi zemoto okanye ukonzakala kwezemidlalo, zibonwa kubantu abancinci, abasempilweni. Amadoda aneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kuma-35 ahlala echaphazeleka.

Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yomzimba eyingozi
• Ukukhwela kwizithuthi ezikhawulezayo
• Ukuntywila emanzini anzulu

I-SCI yempembelelo ephantsi ihlala ivela kubantu abadala ukusuka ekuweni ngelixa bemi okanye behleli. Ukwenzakala kungenxa yomqolo obuthathaka ukusuka ekugugeni okanye ekuphulukaneni nethambo (i-osteoporosis) okanye i-spinal stenosis.

Iimpawu ziyahluka, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokwenzakala. I-SCI ibangela ubuthathaka kunye nokulahleka kwemvakalelo, nangaphantsi kwengozi. Ukuba zibi kangakanani na iimpawu kuxhomekeke ekubeni intambo yonke yenzakele kakhulu (igqityiwe) okanye yenzakaliswe ngokuyinxenye (ayigqitywanga).

Ukulimala kunye nangaphantsi kwe-vertebra yokuqala ye-lumbar ayibangeli i-SCI. Kodwa inokubangela i-cauda equina syndrome, eyenzakalisayo kwiingcambu zentliziyo. Ukonzakala okuninzi komqolo kunye ne-cauda equina syndrome zezongxamiseko kwezonyango kwaye zifuna utyando ngoko nangoko.

Ukonzakala kwentambo yomqolo kulo naliphi na inqanaba kunokubangela:

• Ukwanda kwethoni yemisipha (ukungangxami)
• Ukuphulukana nokulawulwa kwamathumbu aqhelekileyo kunye nolawulo lwesinyi (kunokubandakanya ukuqhina, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba, ukungxama kwesinyi)
• Ubumdaka
• Utshintsho lweemvakalelo
• Intlungu
• Ubuthathaka, ukukhubazeka
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yobuthathaka besisu, uvalo, okanye imisipha ye-intercostal (imbambo)

UKWENZAKALA NGOKWENZAKELEYO (ENTANGALENI)

Xa ukwenzakala kwentambo yomqolo kusentanyeni, iimpawu zinokuchaphazela iingalo, imilenze, kunye nomzimba ophakathi. Iimpawu:

• Inokwenzeka kwelinye okanye omabini amacala omzimba
• Ingabandakanya iingxaki zokuphefumla ukusuka ekukhubazekeni kwezihlunu zokuphefumla, ukuba ukwenzakala kuphezulu entanyeni

UKWENZAKALA NGOKUPHELELEYO (INQANABA LAMATSHU)

Xa ukulimala komqolo kwinqanaba lesifuba, iimpawu zinokuchaphazela imilenze. Ukulimala kwintambo yomlomo wesibeleko okanye intambo ephezulu yomgogodla kunokubangela ukuba:

• Iingxaki zoxinzelelo lwegazi (phezulu kakhulu kwaye ziphantsi kakhulu)
• Ukubila okungaqhelekanga
• Ingxaki yokugcina ubushushu obuqhelekileyo

UKWENZAKALA KWI-LUMBAR SACRAL (EMVA NGOKUPHELELEYO)

Xa ukulimala komqolo kumgangatho osezantsi, iimpawu zinokuchaphazela omnye okanye yomibini imilenze. Imisipha elawula amathumbu kunye nesinyi inokuchaphazeleka. Ukulimala komqolo kungonakalisa intambo yomqolo ukuba bakwicandelo elingaphezulu le-lumbar spine okanye i-lumbar kunye ne-sacral nerve root (cauda equina) ukuba bakumqolo ongezantsi we-lumbar.

I-SCI ngxamiseko lwezonyango olufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kubandakanya nengqondo kunye novavanyo lweenkqubo zemithambo-luvo. Oku kuya kunceda ekuchongeni indawo ngqo yokwenzakala, ukuba ayaziwa.

Ezinye zeengcamango zinokungaqhelekanga okanye zilahleke. Xa ukuvuvukala kwehla, ezinye iingcamango zingabuyela ngokukhawuleza.

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-CT scan okanye i-MRI yomqolo
• I-Myelogram (i-x-ray yomqolo emva kokujova idayi)
• Umqolo x-reyi
• Umbane we-Electromyography (EMG)
• Izifundo zokuqhuba ngemithambo
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wePulmonary
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesinyi

I-SCI kufuneka inyangwe kwangoko kwiimeko ezininzi. Ixesha eliphakathi kokulimala kunye nonyango linokuchaphazela isiphumo.

Amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-corticosteroids ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kwe-SCI ukunciphisa ukudumba okunokonakalisa intambo yomqolo.

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwentambo yomqolo lunokupheliswa okanye lucuthwe ngaphambi kokuba imithambo yomqolo itshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo, ukukhubazeka kunokuphucula.

Utyando lunokufuneka ukuze:

• Yenza kwakhona amathambo omqolo (i-vertebrae)
• Susa umbane, igazi, okanye izicubu ezicinezela kwintambo yomqolo (decompression laminectomy)
• Susa iziqwenga zamathambo, iziqwenga zediski, okanye izinto zangaphandle
• Fuse amathambo omqolo owaphukileyo okanye indawo yomqolo

Ukuphumla kwebhedi kunokufuneka ukuvumela amathambo omqolo ukuba aphile.

Ukutsalwa komqolo kunokucetyiswa. Oku kunokunceda ukugcina umqolo ungahambi. Ukhakhayi lunokubanjelwa endaweni yalo kunye nesilevu. Ezi ziintsimbi zentsimbi ezibekwe kwikakayi kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe kubunzima okanye ihashe emzimbeni (ihalo vest). Kuya kufuneka unxibe i-brace yomqolo okanye ikhola yomlomo wesibeleko iinyanga ezininzi.

Iqela lokhathalelo lwempilo luyakukuxelela nokuba wenzeni xa kukho izihlunu kunye nesisu kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesisu. Ziyakukufundisa nokuba ungalukhathalela njani ulusu lwakho kwaye ulukhusele kwizilonda zoxinzelelo.

Uya kudinga unyango ngokwasemzimbeni, unyango lwasemsebenzini, kunye nenye inkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kokuba ukwenzakala kuphilile. Ukuvuselelwa kuya kukunceda umelane nokukhubazeka okuvela kwi-SCI yakho.

Unokufuna abacoci gazi ukuthintela amahlwili egazi emilenzeni yakho okanye kunyango ukuthintela usulelo olufana nosulelo lomchamo.

Funa imibutho ngolwazi olongezelelekileyo kwi-SCI. Banokubonelela ngenkxaso njengoko uchacha.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokulimala. Ukulimala kwintlambo ephezulu (yomlomo wesibeleko) kukhokelela kukukhubazeka okungaphezulu kunokwenzakala kumqolo osezantsi (we-thoracic okanye we-lumbar).

Ukukhubazeka kunye nelahleko yoluvo lomzimba ziqhelekile. Oku kubandakanya ukukhubazeka okupheleleyo okanye ukuba ndindisholo, kunye nelahleko yokuhamba kunye neemvakalelo. Ukufa kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi ukuba kukho ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu zokuphefumla.

Umntu ofumana enye intshukumo okanye iimvakalelo kwiveki e-1 uhlala enethuba elihle lokufumana kwakhona umsebenzi, nangona oku kungathatha iinyanga ezi-6 okanye nangaphezulu. Ilahleko esele ihleli emva kweenyanga ezi-6 kunokwenzeka ukuba zisisigxina.

Ukunakekelwa kwamathumbu rhoqo kuthatha iyure enye okanye nangaphezulu suku ngalunye. Uninzi lwabantu abane-SCI kufuneka benze i-catheterization ye-bladder rhoqo.

Ikhaya lomntu liya kuhlala lifuna ukulungiswa.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-SCI bakwisitulo esinamavili okanye bafuna izixhobo ezincedisayo ukuze bajikeleze.

Uphando kwicandelo lokulimala kwentambo yomgogodla luyaqhubeka, kwaye ukufumanisa okuthembisayo kuyaxelwa.

Ezi zilandelayo zinokubakho iingxaki ze-SCI:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi utshintsho olunokuba lukhulu kakhulu (i-autonomic hyperreflexia)
• Umngcipheko owandileyo wokonzakala kwiindawo ezibuthathaka zomzimba
• Umngcipheko owandayo wosulelo lomchamo
• Isifo sezintso sexesha elide
• Ukuphulukana nesinyi kunye nolawulo lwamathumbu
• Ukuphulukana nomsebenzi wesondo
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumla kunye nemilenze (paraplegia, quadriplegia)
• Iingxaki ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhamba, ezinje nge-vein thrombosis, usulelo lwemiphunga, ukonakala kolusu (izilonda zoxinzelelo), kunye nokuqina kwemisipha
• Umothuko
• Uxinzelelo

Abantu abahlala ekhaya abane-SCI kufuneka benze oku kulandelayo ukunqanda iingxaki:

• Fumana inkathalo yemiphunga (yemiphunga) yonke imihla (ukuba bayayidinga).
• Landela yonke imiyalelo yokhathalelo lwesinyi ukuthintela usulelo kunye nomonakalo kwizintso.
• Landela yonke imiyalelo yokhathalelo lwenxeba yesiqhelo ukunqanda izilonda zoxinzelelo.
• Gcina ugonyo lusemgangathweni.
• Gcina ukutyelelwa rhoqo kwezempilo nogqirha wabo.

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unokwenzakala emqolo okanye entanyeni. Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba ulahlekelwe yintshukumo okanye uziva. Le yimeko yongxamiseko kwezonyango.

Ukulawula i-SCI kuqala kwindawo yengozi. Abaqeqeshi be-paramedics baxinzelela umlenze owenzakeleyo ukukhusela umonakalo ongaphezulu kwenkqubo.

Umntu onokuba ne-SCI akufuneki asuswe ngaphandle kokuba basengozini kwangoko.

La manyathelo alandelayo anokunceda ukuthintela ii-SCIs:

• Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ngexesha lomsebenzi kunye nokudlala zinokuthintela ukonzakala okuninzi komqolo. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela nawuphina umsebenzi apho ukwenzakala kunokwenzeka khona.
• Ukuntywila emanzini anzulu sesona sizathu siphambili sengozi yomqolo. Jonga ubunzulu bamanzi ngaphambi kokuntywila, kwaye ujonge amatye okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubakho endleleni.
• Ibhola ekhatywayo kunye nokuntywila kunokubandakanya ukubetha okubukhali okanye ukujija ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nokugoba komqolo okanye kwentamo, kunokubangela i-SCI. Ngaphambi kokuntywila, ukuskiya okanye ukukhwela ikhephu ezantsi kwinduli, jonga indawo yezithintelo. Sebenzisa ubuchule obufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo xa udlala ibhola okanye eminye imidlalo yokudibana.
• Ukuqhuba ngokuzikhusela nokunxiba ibhanti lesihlalo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokonzakala kakhulu ukuba kukho ingozi yemoto.
• Faka kwaye usebenzise imivalo yokubamba kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kunye neentsimbi zokubamba ecaleni kwezinyuko ukunqanda ukuwa.
• Abantu abanokulinganisela okungalunganga banokufuna ukusebenzisa i-walker okanye i-cane.
• Isantya sohambo kuhola wendlela kufuneka siqwalaselwe. Sukusela uqhube.

Ukulimala komqolo; Ukunyanzeliswa kwentambo yomgogodla; I-SCI; Ukucinezelwa kwentambo

• Ukuthintela izilonda zoxinzelelo

• Umqolo
• Cauda equina
• I-Vertebra kunye neentsholongwane zomgogodla

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IZiko leLizwe leengxaki zeNeological kunye newebhusayithi yeStroke. Ukulimala kwentambo yomqolo: ithemba ngophando. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Spinal-Cord-Injury-Hope-Through-Research#3233. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 8, 2017. Kufikeleleke ngoMeyi 28, 2018.

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