Umphunga

Impumlo yegazi kukuphulukana kwegazi kwithishu engaphakathi kwempumlo. Ukopha ngokufuthi kwenzeka kwimpumlo enye kuphela.

Ukuphuma kweempumlo kuqheleke kakhulu. Uninzi lweempumlo zegazi zivela ngenxa yokucaphuka okuncinci okanye ukubanda.

Impumlo iqulethe imithambo yegazi emininzi eyopha lula. Umoya ohamba ngempumlo unokuma kwaye ucaphukise inwebu engaphakathi kwempumlo. Iicrust zinokwenza igazi xa ucaphukile. Ukuphuma kweempumlo kwenzeka rhoqo ebusika, xa iintsholongwane ezibandayo ziqhelekile kwaye umoya wasendlwini uqhele ukoma.

Uninzi lweempumlo zeempumlo zenzeka ngaphambili kwiseptum yempumlo. Esi sisiqwenga sethishu esahlula amacala omabini empumlo. Olu hlobo lweempumlo lunokuba lula ukuba umntu oqeqeshiweyo ayeke. Ngokungaqhelekanga, ukuphuma kweempumlo kunokuvela ngaphezulu kwi-septum okanye nzulu empumlweni ezinje ngeesono okanye kwisiseko solukakayi. Ukuphuma kwempumlo okunjalo kunokuba nzima ukulawula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuma kweempumlo kunqabile ukuba kusongele ubomi.

Ukuphuma kwempumlo kunokubangelwa:

• Ukucaphuka ngenxa yokungabikho komzimba, ukubanda, ukuthimla okanye iingxaki zesinus
• Umoya obanda kakhulu okanye owomileyo
• Ukubetha impumlo kakhulu, okanye ukukhetha impumlo
• Ukwenzakala empumlweni, kubandakanya impumlo eyaphukileyo, okanye into ebhajwe empumlweni
• Isinus okanye utyando lwepituitary (transsphenoidal)
• Ukuphambukiswa kweseptum
• Izinto ezingafunekiyo zemichiza kubandakanya amayeza okanye iziyobisi ezitshizisiweyo okanye ezitshixwayo
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezitshizi zempumlo ezinqabileyo
• Unyango lwe-oksijeni ngee-cannulas zempumlo

Ukuphuma kweempumlo okuphindiweyo kunokuba luphawu lwesinye isifo esifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo sokopha, okanye ithumba lempumlo okanye lesono. Abanciphisi begazi, njenge-warfarin (i-Coumadin), i-clopidogrel (i-Plavix), okanye i-aspirin, inokubangela okanye iqhube i-nosebleeds.

Ukumisa ukuphuma kweempumlo:

• Hlala phantsi uze ucofe ngobunono indawo ethambileyo yempumlo phakathi kobhontsi nomnwe (ukwenzela ukuba iimpumlo zivalwe) kangangemizuzu eli-10.
• Yiya phambili ukunqanda ukuginya igazi kwaye uphefumle ngomlomo wakho.
• Linda okungenani imizuzu eli-10 ngaphambi kokuba ujonge ukuba ukopha kuyekile na. Qiniseka ukuba uvumela ixesha elaneleyo lokuphuma kwegazi.

Inokukunceda ukufaka uxinzelelo olubandayo okanye umkhenkce ngaphesheya kwebhulorho yempumlo. Musa ukupakisha ngaphakathi kwempumlo ngegauze.

Ukulala phantsi ngeempumlo akukhuthazwa. Kuya kufuneka uphephe ukujoja okanye ukuvuthela impumlo yakho kangangeeyure ezininzi emva kokuphuma kwempumlo. Ukuba ukopha kuyaqhubeka, i-nasal spray decongestant (Afrin, Neo-Synephrine) ngamanye amaxesha inokusetyenziselwa ukuvala iinqanawa ezincinci kunye nokulawula ukopha.

Izinto onokuzenza ukunqanda ukuphuma kweempumlo rhoqo zibandakanya:

• Gcina ikhaya lipholile kwaye usebenzise i-vaporizer ukongeza ukufuma emoyeni wangaphakathi.
• Sebenzisa i-nasal saline spray kunye ne-jelly enyibilikayo yamanzi (enjenge-Ayr gel) ukuthintela ukuthungwa kwempumlo kungomi ebusika.

Fumana ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo ukuba:

• Ukopha akuyeki emva kwemizuzu engama-20.
• Ukuphuma kwempumlo kwenzeka emva kokonzakala entloko. Oku kunokucebisa ukwaphuka kogebenga, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe ii-x-reyi.
• Impumlo yakho ingophuka (umzekelo, ijongeka ngathi igwenxa emva kokubetha empumlweni okanye kwenye ingozi).
• Uthatha amayeza ukuthintela igazi lakho ekunqandeni (iziciko zegazi).
• Ubunomphunga kwiimpumlo kwixa elidlulileyo ebefuna unyango lweengcali.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba:

• Wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempumlo ezininzi zeempumlo
• Ukuphuma kweempumlo akunxulunyaniswa nokubanda okanye okunye ukucaphuka okuncinci
• Ukuphuma kweempumlo kwenzeka emva kwesono okanye olunye utyando

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Kwezinye iimeko, unokujongwa kwiimpawu kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi ekulahlekelweni ligazi, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukothuka (oku kunqabile).

Unokuba nale mvavanyo ilandelayo:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi
• I-Nasal endoscopy (kuvavanywa impumlo usebenzisa ikhamera)
• Inxalenye yetromboplastin yexesha lemilinganiselo
• Ixesha leprothrombin (PT)
• Ukuskena i-CT ngempumlo kunye neesinus

Uhlobo lonyango olusetyenzisiweyo luya kusekelwa kwisizathu sokuphuma kweempumlo. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi
• Ukuvala isitya segazi kusetyenziswa ubushushu, amandla ombane, okanye iinkuni zesitrate zesilivere
• Ukupakisha kwempumlo
• Ukunciphisa impumlo eyaphukileyo okanye ukususa umzimba wasemzini
• Ukunciphisa inani lamayeza amancinci egazi okanye ukumisa iasprini
• Ukunyanga iingxaki ezigcina igazi lakho linganqeni ngesiqhelo

Kuya kufuneka ubone indlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (ENT, otolaryngologist) oyingcali kuvavanyo olongezelelweyo kunye nonyango.

Ukopha empumlweni; Epistaxis

• Umphunga
• Umphunga

I-Pfaff JA, i-Moore GP. I-Otolaryngology. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 62.

I-Savage S.Ulawulo lwe-epistaxis. Ku: Fowler GC, ed. Iinkqubo zikaPfenninger kunye neFowler zoKhathalelo oluSisiseko. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 205.

USimmen DB, uJones NS. Epistaxis. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 42.