Ukuxhuzula

Ukuhluthwa kukufunyanwa komzimba okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha eyenzeka emva kwesiqendu somsebenzi wombane ongaqhelekanga kwingqondo.

Igama "ukuxhuzula" lihlala lisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo kunye "nokuxhuzula." Ngexesha lokuxhuzula umntu unokungcangcazela okungalawulekiyo okukhawulezayo kwaye okunesingqi, kunye nezihlunu ezomeleleyo kunye nokuziphumza kaninzi. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubanjwa. Abanye baneempawu eziphakathi ngaphandle kokugungqa.

Kunokuba nzima ukuxelela ukuba umntu othile uxhuzula. Olunye uhlaselo lubangela ukuba umntu abenomlingo. Ezi zisenokungabonakali.

Iimpawu ezithile zixhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icandelo lengqondo elibandakanyekayo. Iimpawu zenzeka ngesiquphe kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukumnyama okufutshane kulandelwa lixesha lesiphithiphithi (umntu akanakukhumbula ixesha elifutshane)
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, njengokukhetha impahla yomntu
• Ukutsala okanye ukubhabha emlonyeni
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo
• Ukugquma nokuthimla
• Ukuphulukana nesinyi okanye ukulawula amathumbu
• Utshintsho lwemood, njengomsindo wequbuliso, uloyiko olungachazeki, uloyiko, uvuyo, okanye ukuhleka
• Ukushukuma komzimba wonke
• Ukuwa ngesiquphe
• Ukunambitha incasa ekrakra okanye ebuntsimbi
• Ukuxinana kwamazinyo
• Ukuyeka okwexeshana ekuphefumlweni
• Imisipha engalawulekiyo enamaqhuqhuvana ajingayo

Iimpawu zinokuyeka emva kwemizuzwana okanye imizuzu embalwa, okanye ziqhubeke ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu eli-15. Banqabile ukuqhubeka ixesha elide.

Umntu unokuba neempawu zokulumkisa ngaphambi kohlaselo, ezinje:

• Uloyiko okanye ixhala
• Isicaphucaphu
• I-Vertigo (uziva ngathi ujikeleza okanye uyahamba)
• Iimpawu ezibonakalayo (njengokukhanya kwezibane ezikhanyayo, amabala, okanye imigca ye-wavy phambi kwamehlo)

Ukuhluthwa kwazo zonke iintlobo kubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kombane kwingqondo.

Izizathu zokubanjwa zingabandakanya:

• Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga esodiyam okanye iswekile egazini
• Usulelo lobuchopho, kubandakanya i-meningitis kunye ne-encephalitis
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okwenzeka emntwaneni ngexesha lokubeleka okanye lokubeleka
• Iingxaki zobuchopho ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa (iziphene zengqondo yokuzalwa)
• Ithumba lobuchopho (kunqabile)
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
• Umothuko wombane
• Isathuthwane
• Umkhuhlane (ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci)
• Ukwenzakala entloko
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Ukugula kobushushu (ukunyamezelana nobushushu)
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• I-Phenylketonuria (PKU), enokubangela ukuxhuzula kwiintsana
• Ityhefu
• Iziyobisi zasesitalatweni, ezinje ngothuli lwengelosi (PCP), icocaine, amphetamines
• Ukubetha
• I-toxemia yokukhulelwa
• Ityhefu buildup emzimbeni ngenxa yokusilela kwesibindi okanye izintso
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• Ukulunywa yityhefu kunye nokuhlaba (njengokulunywa yinyoka)
• Ukurhoxa etywaleni okanye kumayeza athile emva kokubusebenzisa ixesha elide

Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho sizathu sinokufunyanwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuxhuzula. Zihlala zibonwa ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci, kodwa zinokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Kunokubakho imbali yosapho yokuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula.

Ukuba ukuxhuzula kuyaqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokuba ingxaki inyangiwe, imeko ibizwa ngokuba kukuwa.

Uninzi lokuxhuzula luyeka ngokwalo. Kodwa ngexesha lokuthimba, umntu angonzakala okanye enzakale.

Xa ukuxhamla kwenzeka, injongo ephambili kukukhusela umntu ekulimaleni:

• Zama ukuthintela ukuwa. Beka umntu emhlabeni kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Sula indawo yefanitshala okanye ezinye izinto ezibukhali.
• Cushion intloko yomntu.
• Khulula iimpahla eziqinileyo, ngakumbi entanyeni.
• Jika umntu kwicala lakhe. Ukuba ukugabha kuyenzeka, oku kuyanceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugabha akuphefumli kwimiphunga.
• Khangela isongo se-ID yonyango kunye nemiyalelo yokuthimba.
• Hlala naloo mntu de achache, okanye de kufike uncedo lwezonyango.

Izinto abahlobo kunye namalungu osapho AKUFANELE bazenze:

• MUSA ukubamba (zama ukubamba) umntu.
• Musa ukubeka nantoni na phakathi kwamazinyo omntu ngexesha lokuxhuzula (kubandakanya iminwe yakho).
• SUKUZAMA ukubamba ulwimi lomntu.
  
• Musa ukumhambisa umntu ngaphandle kokuba usengozini okanye kufutshane nento eyingozi.
• SUKUZAMA ukumenza umntu ayeke ukuxhuzula. Abanakulawula ngokuhlutha kwaye abazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngelo xesha.
• MUSA ukumnika nantoni na umntu ngomlomo de ume ukuxhuzula kuyeke kwaye umntu lowo uvuke ngokupheleleyo kwaye uphaphile.
• SUKUQALISA i-CPR ngaphandle kokuba ukuthinjwa kumile ngokucacileyo kwaye umntu akaphefumli okanye akanangqondo.

Ukuba usana okanye umntwana uxhuzula ngethuba lomkhuhlane omninzi, pholisa umntwana kancinci ngamanzi afudumeleyo. MUSA ukumbeka umntwana kwibhafu ebandayo. Fowunela umboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho kwaye ubuze into ekufuneka uyenzile ngokulandelayo Kwakhona buza ukuba kulungile ukunika umntwana i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) xa sele evukile.

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba:

• Eli lixesha lokuqala umntu exhuzula
• Ukuhlutha kuhlala ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5
• Umntu akavuki okanye abe nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo emva kokuxhuzula
• Olunye uthimbo luqala kwakamsinya emva kokuba ukuxhuzula kuphelile
• Umntu wayenokuxhuzula emanzini
• Umntu ukhulelwe, wenzakele, okanye unesifo seswekile
• Umntu akanaso isongo se-ID yonyango (imiyalelo echaza ukuba yenzeni)
• Kukho into eyahlukileyo malunga nokuhlutha xa kuthelekiswa nokuxhuzula kwesiqhelo komntu

Xela konke ukuxhuzula kumnikezeli womntu. Umboneleli unokufuna ukulungelelanisa okanye ukutshintsha amayeza omntu.

Umntu oye wahluthwa ngokutsha okanye ngokuqatha uqhele ukubonwa kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele. Umboneleli uya kuzama ukufumanisa uhlobo lokuthimba ngokusekwe kwiimpawu.

Uvavanyo luyakwenziwa ukulawula ezinye iimeko zonyango ezibangela ukuxhuzula okanye iimpawu ezifanayo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ukuhlaselwa okwethutyana kwe-ischemic (TIA) okanye ukubetha, uloyiko, iintlungu zentloko, ukuphazamiseka ebuthongweni, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokubangela.

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ukuskena i-CT entloko okanye iMRI yentloko
• I-EEG (ihlala ingekho kwigumbi likaxakeka)
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo)

Olunye uvavanyo luyafuneka ukuba umntu:

• Uhlutha olutsha ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo
• Ukuxhuzula (ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu uthatha inani elifanelekileyo lamayeza)

Ukuhlutha kwesekondari; Ukuthimba kwakhona; Ukuthathwa - kwesekondari; Ukuhlutha - ukusebenza kwakhona; Ukuxhuzula

• Ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm yobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Ukuxhuzula kubantu abadala - yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni - ukubhobhoza
• Ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula - ukubhobhoza
• Ukuxhuzula ngoFebruwari-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho

• Ukuxhuzula-uncedo lokuqala-uthotho

UKrumholz A, uWiebe S, uGroneth GS, et al.Isikhokelo esisekwe kubungqina: ukulawulwa kokubanjwa kokuqala kwabantu abadala: ingxelo yeKomitana yoPhuhliso lweZikhokelo zeAmerican Academy of Neurology kunye neAmerican Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2015; 84 (16): 1705-1713. IINKCUKACHA: 25901057 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25901057/.

IMikati MA, Tchapyjnikov D. Ukuxhuzula ebuntwaneni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 611.

UMoeller JJ, uHirsch LJ. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokuhlelwa kokubanjwa kunye nokuxhuzula. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ugqirha we-Youmans kunye no-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 61.

Rabin E, Jagoda AS. Ukuxhuzula. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: Iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 92.