Yintoni u-Abulia?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iimpawu zebulia
• Oonobangela bakaabulia
• Ukuchonga abulia
• Ukunyanga abulia
• Iimeko ezinxulumene noabulia
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ushwankathelo

UAbulia sisifo esidla ngokwenzeka emva kokonzakala kwindawo okanye kwiindawo zobuchopho. Inxulumene nezilonda zobuchopho.

Ngelixa i-abulia inokubakho yodwa, ihlala ifunyanwa ngokudibana nezinye iingxaki. Ezi ngxaki zinokuba ze-neurological okanye zengqondo kwindalo.

UAbulia yimeko engafumanekiyo ngokubanzi kwaye uhlelwa kukungakhathali okunamandla. Oku kunokubangela ukunqongophala kwenkuthazo, kwaye uninzi olunobulia lusilwa nemicimbi yokuthanda, ukuthanda, okanye ukuqhuba.

Abo banamava abulia banesikhuthazo esincinci ngaphandle kwemeko yesiqhelo, ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda. Umntu one-abulia uneminqweno, kodwa angazabalaza enze izinto eziyimfuneko ukufezekisa iinjongo abazinqwenelayo.

UAbulia uqhelekile kodwa uhlala edidekile neminye imiba enxulumene nengqondo. Kukho iindlela zonyango ezinokubakho, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba le meko ifunyaniswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ufumane unyango.

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kokuchongwa, le meko ibifane yamkelwe. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka idlulileyo, ingxoxo kunye nophando malunga nokuxilongwa kwe-abulia kuye kwanda.

Iimpawu zebulia

Umntu one-abulia ubonakalisa iimpawu ezibandakanya utshintsho lweemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Le meko ayibangelwa ngamanqanaba ancitshisiweyo okuqonda, ingqalelo, okanye amandla olwimi.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphulukana nemveliso, umgudu kunye nokuzimisela
• ukungakhathali ngokweemvakalelo
• ukunqongophala kwezicwangciso kunye neenjongo
• kuncinci okanye ukungabikho kwentetho okanye isenzo
• ukunqongophala kweempendulo kwiimvakalelo kwiziganeko ezibalulekileyo zobomi
• iingcinga ezincinci ezijolise kwinjongo
• ukunciphisa umdla woluntu
• ingqalelo engeyiyo
• ukuphazamiseka ngokulula

Abo bane-abulia bahlala bechaza iinjongo, umdla, okanye izicwangciso abanazo. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala bekwenza oko ngendlela ebanzi kancinci kunye nexesha elifutshane, bebonisa iimpawu zokuqala zokungakhathali.

Amatyala amancinci e-abulia aqhelekileyo kunalawo anzima. Ihlala ixhaphake kubantu abadala abaneengxaki zemood, imiba ye-neurological, kunye nezinye iimeko. UAbulia uhlala ebonwa njengempawu kwimeko yeklinikhi enzima.

Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ngokubhekisele ekuchongeni nasekulawuleni i-abulia kubantu abadala. Oku kubalulekile kuba kubonakala ngokudibeneyo nezifo ezininzi kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene nokwaluphala.

Oonobangela bakaabulia

UAbulia uhlala ebangelwa kukwenzakala kwengqondo. Oku kwenzakala kubonakala ikakhulu ngendlela yezilonda zobuchopho.

Inkuthazo ibangelwa yimeko yokusingqongileyo ekhupha imiqondiso ye-neuron. Xa iindawo zobuchopho zonakalisiwe, le miqondiso ye-neuron ayisebenzi kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukungakwazi kwengqondo ukubhalisa umvuzo. Impendulo yokungakhathali iyalandela.

Iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwingqondo zibandakanya:

• isiseko ganglia
• iilobes zangaphambili
• cingate gyrus (ifumaneka ngesiNgesi kuphela)
• i-caudate nucleus
• iglobus pallidus

Kukho oko kuphakamisa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwendawo yesilonda. Ezi ndawo zinxibelelene, kodwa ngaphandle kwayo, ingxaki yengqondo ekhutshiweyo.

Ngaphandle kokuba kukho ngaphezulu kwe-neurotransmitter enye ebandakanyekayo, uninzi lwezifundo lujolise kwindima ye-dopamine kwimeko ye-abulia.

Olunye uphononongo lwesilwanyana lufumanise ukuba umonakalo kwiisekethe zedopaminergic ezinxulumene nokungakhathali. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba ezi ndlela zezi zinto zisenza ukuba sikwazi ukuguqula intshukumo.

Kukho izinto zentlalo, ezendalo, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinokuchaphazela ukuqhuba. Ezi zinto zinokubangela ukungakhathali. Abayi kudideka kubukho be-abulia.

Ukuchonga abulia

U-Abulia unokuba yinto exhaphake kakhulu kunangaphambili, kuba ihlala ingafumaneki ngokubanzi, ihlala ididekile nezinye izifo okanye ukuphazamiseka. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abantu banganyangeki ixesha elide.

Le meko ihlala ididekile kunye:

• ukudakumba
• aphasia
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi

Kubalulekile kwinkqubo yoxilongo ukulawula iimeko ezinokuthi zibonakalise ukungakhathali njengempawu. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha bahlala beqhuba iimviwo zengqondo kunye nezengqondo xa ukungakhathali kubandakanyeka ekuboneleleni ngoxilongo olwahlukileyo.

Kuphando olwenziwa ngoogqirha base-Bhritane malunga nokungakhathali kubantu abadala, ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-50 bakholelwa ukuba uabulia wayehlukile kuxinzelelo.

UAbulia ngokuqinisekileyo uxilongo olwahlukileyo kuxinzelelo. Usizi okanye iingcinga ezingalunganga azinikwanga ngu-abulia.

Ugqirha wakho unoku-odola imeko yokuphumla fcMRI. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuya kwi-MRI ngaphandle kokucelwa ukuba wenze imisebenzi ethile ngelixa ubuchwephesha bemephu. Ezinye iindlela zokucinga ngengqondo ezinje nge-CT scans zinokunceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezinxulunyaniswa neabulia.

Ukunyanga abulia

Ugqirha kufuneka achonge abulia kwangoko ukuze akuncede ekuboneni olona nyango lufanelekileyo onokukhetha kulo.

Iinketho zonyango okwangoku zibandakanya i-bromocriptine, ebonakaliswe ukuba iyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukungakhathali.

Olu nyango luhlala lunikwa ngeedosi ezisezantsi kunye nokunyuka okuncinci kumthamo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kuya kufuneka ujongwe ngugqirha wakho ngelixa uthatha i-bromocriptine, ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho, kubandakanya:

• ukozela
• yehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukwanda kokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo

Kwinani elincinci lezifundo, i-L-dopa yavavanywa njengonyango olunokubakho. Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba i-L-dopa inyange ngempumelelo iimeko ezinzima ze-abulia, kodwa iziphumo zeli yeza bezingahlali ixesha elide.

Amayeza e-Dopamine angangqineka eluncedo, kodwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kobungqina, ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. La mayeza anoluhlu lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibandakanya ukubuyela kwakhona kwengqondo kubantu abaye bafumana iziqendu zengqondo ngaphambili.

Ii-Amphetamines zibonisiwe zonyusa indlela yokuziphatha yokufuna iigundane. Izifundo zabantu zokusebenzisa eli chiza kwimeko ye-abulia kusafuneka ziphandwe.

Iimeko ezinxulumene noabulia

U-Abulia uye waqwalaselwa ngokudibeneyo:

• IHuntington
• Alzheimer's
• izigulo zengqondo
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• ukubetha

Yintoni imbonakalo?

UAbulia yimeko enokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ukulungiswa kwemicimbi esisiseko enokunxulunyaniswa ne-abulia kubalulekile. Oku kuya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ngcono esona sicwangciso sonyango silungileyo kuwe.

Kubalulekile ukuba ufune uncedo lobuchwephesha ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uhlangabezana nokungakhathali okanye ezinye iimpawu ezidweliswe apha ngasentla. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga ne-abulia, qiniseka ukuba uyichaze ugqirha wakho, njengokuba abanye bengenakukwazi ukuxilongwa.