I-anemia enobunzima: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Unyango njani

I-anemia ekhathazayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Addison's anemia, luhlobo lwe-megaloblastic anemia ebangelwa kukusilela kwe-vitamin B12 (okanye i-cobalamin) emzimbeni, ekhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje ngobuthathaka, ukubola, ukudinwa kunye nokubetha kwezandla neenyawo, umzekelo . Funda ngakumbi malunga nevithamini B12.

Olu hlobo lwe-anemia luhlala lufunyanwa emva kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, nangona kunjalo kwimeko yokungondleki kwabantwana, umzekelo, kunokubakho ukuswela le vithamini, ibonakalisa i-anemia eyingozi yabantwana.

Ukuchongwa kwe-anemia eyingozi kwenziwa ikakhulu kuvavanyo lweelebhu, apho uxinzelelo lwevithamini B12 kumchamo kuhlolwe khona, umzekelo. Unyango luhlala lwenziwa ngokuxhasa i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folic acid, ukongeza ekwamkeleni ukutya okusempilweni okunevithamini B12.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-anemia eyingozi zihambelana nokusilela kwe-vitamin B12 emzimbeni, eyona iphambili yile:

• Ubuthathaka;
• IPallor;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ukudinwa;
• Urhudo;
• Ulwimi oluthambileyo;
• Ukulinganisa izandla neenyawo;
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Ukucaphuka
• Izandla kunye neenyawo ezibandayo;
• Ukubonakala kwezilonda kwikona yomlomo.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ze-anemia eyingozi, kunokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo ye-nervous ibe sengozini, enokubangela ubunzima ekuhambeni, uxinzelelo kunye nokudideka kwengqondo. Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu ze-anemia eyingozi.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

I-anemia enobunzima ibonakaliswa kukungabikho kwe-vitamin B12 emzimbeni ngokunganyangeki kwale vithamini ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-intrinsic factor, eyiprotein apho i-vitamin B12 ibophelela khona ukuze ifunxwe ngumzimba. Ke, ekusweleni kwento yokungena ngaphakathi ekufunxweni kwe-vitamin B12 kuyonakaliswa.

Esona sizathu sibangela i-anemia eyingozi yi-immunological: amajoni omzimba kunokwenzeka ukuba enze ngokungalunganga kwi-gastric mucosa, ebangela i-atrophy yayo kunye nokudumba okungapheliyo, okukhokelela ekwandiseni ukukhutshwa kwe-hydrochloric acid sisisu kunye nokuhla kwemveliso yangaphakathi, oko ke kunciphisa ukufunxeka. ivithamini B12.

Ukongeza kwisizathu se-immunological, i-anemia eyingozi inokubangelwa ziimeko ezinje ngesifo se-celiac, i-homocystinuria, ukusilela kwe-cobalt, ukungondleki kwabantwana, unyango lwe-paraminosalicylic acid kunye nokungondleki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okunokubangela ukuba umntwana azalwe ene-anemia eyingozi.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuchongwa kwe-anemia eyingozi kwenziwa ngokweempawu zomntu kunye neendlela zokutya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kuyimfuneko ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezinje nge-digestive endoscopy, ejolise ekuchongeni izilonda esiswini. Qonda ukuba i-endoscopy yenziwa njani.

Uvavanyo lwaselebhu olusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia eyingozi luvavanyo lweSchilling, apho i-vitamin B12 yerediyo yenziwa ngomlomo kunye neeyure ezi-2 kamva ngenaliti equkethe i-vitamin B12 engasebenziyo. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24, umchamo uqokelelwa kwaye uhlalutyiwe elebhu. Ukuba kufunyanwa uxinzelelo lwevithamini B12 enomchamo kumchamo, into yangaphakathi enxulunyaniswa nevithamini B12 ilawulwa kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva kovavanyo lokuqala. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24 umchamo uyaqokelelwa uphinde uhlalutye kwakhona kwaye ukuba kukho ukulungiswa koxinaniso lwevithamini B12 kumchamo, uvavanyo luthiwa lunomdla kwi-anemia eyingozi, kuba umzimba ubonelelwe ngeprotein engaveliswanga kwaye isombulula ingxaki.

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lweSchilling, inani elipheleleyo legazi linokucelwa, nanjengoko ikuluviwo oluvumela ukuxilongwa kweanemia. Ubalo lwegazi lwe-anemia eyingozi lubandakanya amaxabiso aphezulu e-CMV (Umndilili weCorpuscular Volume), kuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zikhulu, ukwehla kwenani elipheleleyo leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukwanda kweRDW, ebonisa ukuba kukho Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kobukhulu beeseli ezibomvu zegazi, zotshintsho kubume beeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

I-myelogram inokucelwa kwakhona, eluvavanyo olo olubonisa ukuba usebenza njani umongo wethambo, othi kwimeko yokuba ne-anemia eyingozi utyhile ubukho bezanduleli ezinkulu nezingakhulanga ze-erythroid. Olu vavanyo, nangona kunjalo, luyangena kwaye akufane kucelwe ukuba luncede ekuchongeni i-anemia. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo eziqinisekisa i-anemia.

Unyango njani

Unyango lwe-anemia eyingozi lunokwenziwa ngenaliti ye-vitamin B12 equlathe i-50 - 1000 org okanye ithebhulethi yomlomo ene-1000 vitaming yevithamini ngokokucebisa kwezonyango. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-folic acid kunokucetyiswa ukuthintela iziphumo ze-neuronal. Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lwe-anemia eyingozi.

Kukwabalulekile ukubonisana nengcali yesondlo ukuze ube nokufumana isikhokelo esingcono malunga nokutya ekufuneka kutyiwe kwi-anemia eyingozi, ngokutya inyama ebomvu, amaqanda kunye netshizi, umzekelo, zihlala ziboniswa. Jonga ukuba kukuphi ukutya okunotyebileyo kwi-vitamin B12.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye ufunde ngakumbi ngolu hlobo lwe-anemia: