Yintoni iAnisocytosis?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iimpawu ze-anisocytosis
• Oonobangela anisocytosis
• Ukuchonga i-anisocytosis
• Iphathwa njani i-anisocytosis
• Anisocytosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Iingxaki ze-anisocytosis
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-Anisocytosis ligama lonyango lokuba neeseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBCs) ezingalinganiyo ngobukhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-RBC zomntu kufuneka zonke zilingane ngokulingana.

I-Anisocytosis ihlala ibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango ebizwa ngokuba yi-anemia. Isenokubangelwa nezinye izifo zegazi okanye ngamachiza athile asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza. Ngesi sizathu, ubukho be-anisocytosis buhlala buluncedo ekuchongeni ukuphazamiseka kwegazi njenge-anemia.

Unyango lwe-anisocytosis luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Le meko ayinabungozi iyodwa, kodwa iyabonisa ingxaki esembindini yee-RBCs.

Iimpawu ze-anisocytosis

Kuxhomekeke kwinto ebangela i-anisocytosis, ii-RBCs zinokuba:

• inkulu kuneqhelekileyo (macrocytosis)
• incinci kunesiqhelo (microcytosis), okanye
• Zombini (ezinye zinkulu kwaye ezinye zincinci kuneziqhelekileyo)

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-anisocytosis zezo ze-anemia kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwegazi:

• ubuthathaka
• ukudinwa
• ulusu oluthuthu
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Uninzi lweempawu ziziphumo zokuhla kokuhanjiswa kweoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba kunye namalungu.

I-Anisocytosis yona ithathwa njengeyona nto ibonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi.

Oonobangela anisocytosis

I-Anisocytosis ixhaphake kakhulu yenye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-anemia. Kwi-anemia, ii-RBCs azikwazi ukuthwala ioksijini eyaneleyo kwizicwili zomzimba wakho. Kunokubakho ii-RBCs ezimbalwa kakhulu, iiseli zinokubakho ngendlela engaqhelekanga, okanye zisenokungabikho ngokwaneleyo ikhompawundi ebalulekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yihemoglobin.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-anemia ezingakhokelela kwii-RBCs ezingalinganiyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukunqongophala kwe-anemia: Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo ye-anemia. Kwenzeka xa umzimba ungenayo i-iron eyaneleyo, nokuba kungenxa yokulahleka kwegazi okanye ukunqongophala kokutya. Ihlala ikhokelela kwi-microcytic anisocytosis.
• I-Sickle cell anemia: Esi sifo semfuza siphumela kwii-RBCs ezinesimo esingaqhelekanga senqawa.
• I-Thalassemia: Esi sisifo segazi esizuzwe njengelifa apho umzimba wenza ihemoglobin engaqhelekanga. Ihlala ikhokelela kwi-microcytic anisocytosis.
• I-autoimmune hemolytic anemias: Eli qela lokuphazamiseka kwenzeka xa amajoni omzimba etshabalalisa ngempazamo ii-RBCs.
• I-Megaloblastic anemia: Xa zimbalwa kunee-RBCs eziqhelekileyo kwaye ii-RBCs zikhulu kunesiqhelo (macrocytic anisocytosis), iziphumo ze-anemia. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukusilela kwi-folate okanye i-vitamin B-12.
• I-anemia enobungozi: Olu luhlobo lwe-macrocytic anemia ebangelwa ngumzimba ongakwaziyo ukufumana i-vitamin B-12. I-anemia ekhathazayo sisifo sokuzimela.

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubangela i-anisocytosis ibandakanya:

• Isifo se-myelodysplastic syndrome
• isifo sesibindi esinganyangekiyo
• ukuphazamiseka kwedlala lengqula

Ukongeza, ezinye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-cytotoxic chemotherapy drug, zinokubangela i-anisocytosis.

I-Anisocytosis inokubonwa kwakhona kwabo banesifo sentliziyo kunye neminye imihlaza.

Ukuchonga i-anisocytosis

I-Anisocytosis ifunyaniswa ichaphazeleka ngexesha legazi smear. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha usasaza umaleko omncinci wegazi kwisilayidi semicroscope. Igazi linamabala ukunceda ukwahlula iiseli emva koko zijongwe ngemicroscope. Ngale ndlela ugqirha uya kuba nakho ukubona ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwee-RBCs zakho.

Ukuba i-smear yegazi ibonisa ukuba une-anisocytosis, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuqhuba uvavanyo oluninzi lokufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba ii-RBCs zakho zingalingani ngobukhulu. Banokubuza imibuzo malunga nembali yosapho lwakho kunye neyakho. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unazo naziphi na ezinye iimpawu okanye ukuba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza. Ugqirha unokukubuza imibuzo malunga nokutya kwakho.

Olunye uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo lunokubandakanya:

• ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC)
• amanqanaba esinyithi serum
• uvavanyo lweferritin
• Uvavanyo lwevithamini B-12
• uvavanyo lomntu

Iphathwa njani i-anisocytosis

Unyango lwe-anisocytosis luxhomekeke kwinto ebangela imeko. Umzekelo, i-anisocytosis ebangelwa yi-anemia enxulumene nokutya okune-vithamini B-12, folate, okanye i-iron iya kuthi inyangwe ngokuthatha izongezo nokwandisa inani lezi vithamini kukutya kwakho.

Abantu abanezinye iintlobo ze-anemia, njenge-sickle cell anemia okanye i-thalassemia, banokufuna ukutofelwa igazi ukunyanga imeko yabo. Abantu abane-myelodysplastic syndrome banokufuna ukufakelwa umongo wethambo.

Anisocytosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa

I-Anisocytosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa ixhaphake kakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-iron anemia. Abafazi abakhulelweyo basemngciphekweni omkhulu woku kuba bafuna i-iron engaphezulu ukwenza ii-RBCs kusana lwabo olukhulayo.

ibonisa ukuba ukuvavanywa kwe-anisocytosis kunokuba yindlela yokufumanisa ukusilela kwentsimbi kwangethuba ngexa lokukhulelwa.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye une-anisocytosis, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuqhuba ezinye iimvavanyo ukubona ukuba unayo i-anemia kwaye uqalise ukuyinyanga kwangoko. I-anemia inokuba yingozi kumntwana ongekazalwa ngenxa yezi zizathu:

• Umbungu usenokungafumani oksijini yaneleyo.
• Unokudinwa kakhulu.
• Umngcipheko wokusebenza ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nezinye iingxaki ziyanda.

Iingxaki ze-anisocytosis

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-anisocytosis-okanye oyena nobangela wayo-inokukhokelela ku:

• amanqanaba asezantsi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets
• umonakalo luvo
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• iingxaki zokukhulelwa, kubandakanywa iziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa kwintambo yomgogodla kunye nengqondo yomntwana okhulayo (i-neural tube defects)

Imbonakalo

Imbonakalo yexesha elide ye-anisocytosis ixhomekeke kwisizathu sayo kunye nendlela ophathwa ngayo ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, i-anemia iyanyangeka, kodwa kunokuba yingozi xa inganyangwa. I-anemia ebangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwemfuza (njenge-sickle cell anemia) iya kufuna unyango lwempilo yonke.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo abane-anisocytosis kufuneka bayithathe ngokungathí sina le meko, kuba i-anemia inokubangela iingxaki zokukhulelwa.