Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi, oonobangela abaphambili kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi
• Izizathu eziphambili
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Unyango njani
• 1. Utyando
• 2. I-BCG yonyango
• 3. Unyango ngemitha
• 4. Unyango ngamayeza

Umhlaza wesinyi luhlobo lwethumba olubonakaliswa kukukhula kweeseli ezinobungozi eludongeni lwesinyi, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yokutshaya okanye ukubonakaliswa rhoqo kweekhemikhali ezinje ngedayi, i-pesticides okanye iarsenic, umzekelo, njengoko ezi zinto zisuswa ngomchamo, kugxilwe kwisinyi ngaphambi kokuba isuswe, kwaye kunokubangela utshintsho.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi ziqhubela phambili kwaye zinokudideka nezinye izifo zenkqubo yokuchama, njengokunyuka komnqweno wokuchama, iintlungu kwisisu esisezantsi, ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye nokwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kubalulekile ukuba uxilongo lwenziwe kwakamsinya emva kokuchongwa kweempawu zokuqala, kuba ngaloo ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba uqalise olona nyango lufanelekileyo, kuthintelwe iingxaki kunye nokunyusa amathuba onyango.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi zibonakala ngathi iiseli ezinobungozi ziyanda kwaye ziphazamisana nomsebenzi weli lungu. Ke, iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu zolu hlobo lomhlaza zezi:

• Igazi kumchamo, odla ngokuchongwa kuphela ngexesha lokuhlalutywa komchamo elebhu;
• Ubuhlungu okanye ukutshisa xa uchama;
• Iintlungu esiswini esisezantsi;
• Ukwanda kwesidingo sokuchama;
• Ngokukhawuleza unqwenela ukuchama;
• Ukungahambi kakuhle komchamo;
• Ukudinwa;
• Ukungabikho komdla;
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima ngokungenanjongo.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi zixhaphakile kwezinye izifo zendlela yokuchama, ezinje ngomhlaza wamadlala esibeleko, usulelo lomchamo, amatye ezintso okanye ukungasebenzi komchamo, kwaye ngenxa yoko akubalulekanga ukuba ugqirha jikelele okanye ugqirha womchamo acebise ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo. Ukuchonga unobangela weempawu kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubonise olona nyango lufanelekileyo.

Izizathu eziphambili

Izinto ezininzi eziyityhefu zidlula kwisinyi ezisuswe egazini ngomchamo, esidibana nazo mihla le ngokutya, ukuphefumla kunye nokudibana nolusu.

Ezi zinto, ezikhoyo kwiicuba, i-pesticides, idayi kunye namayeza, njenge-cyclophosphamide kunye ne-arsenic, umzekelo, zidibana nodonga lwesinyi, kwaye ekuvezeni ixesha elide kunokubangela ukuyilwa kweeseli zomhlaza.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Phambi kweempawu kunye neempawu ezibonisa umhlaza wesinyi, kubalulekile ukuba kuboniswane nodokotela womchamo, ukwenzela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lweklinikhi, uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwelabhoratri, olufana novavanyo lomchamo, umchamo we-ultrasound, iMRI okanye i-CT scan, kunye cystoscopy, ebandakanya ukufakwa kwetyhubhu ebhityileyo ngokusebenzisa umchamo wokujonga ngaphakathi kwisinyi. Qonda indlela eyenziwa ngayo i-cystoscopy.

Ukongeza, ukuba umhlaza ukrokreleka, ugqirha ucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy, apho isampulu encinci ithathwa kwindawo eguqulweyo yesinyi ukuze ihlolwe ngemicroscopic ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ngaba olo tshintsho alunabungozi okanye lubi.

Emva koko, amanyathelo alandelayo okuchaza ubunzima kunye nokunyangwa komhlaza wesinyi kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa komhlaza:

• Inqanaba 0 - ngaphandle kobungqina be-tumor okanye i-tumors ezifumaneka kuphela kwi-lining ye-bladder;
• Inqanaba 1 - ithumba lidlula kwisambatho sesinyi, kodwa ayifiki kumaleko wemisipha;
• Inqanaba 2 - ithumba echaphazela umaleko kwezihlunu lwesinyi;
• Inqanaba 3 - ithumba elihamba ngaphaya komaleko wemisipha ofikelela kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo;
• Inqanaba 4 - ithumba lisasazeka kwii-lymph node kunye namalungu angabamelwane, okanye kwiindawo ezikude.

Inqanaba umhlaza okulo luxhomekeke kwixesha lokuphuhliswa komntu, ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuxilongwa kunye nokuqala konyango kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza.

Unyango njani

Unyango lomhlaza wesinyi luxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nenqanaba lokubandakanyeka kwelungu, kwaye kungenziwa ngotyando, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy kunye ne-immunotherapy, njengoko kubonisiwe ngugqirha. Xa umhlaza wesinyi uchongiwe kumanqanaba okuqala, kukho ithuba elikhulu lonyango kwaye, ke, ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kubalulekile.

Ngenxa yoko, ngokwamanqanaba esi sifo, iimpawu thaca ngumntu kunye nempilo jikelele, iinketho zonyango eziphambili zezi:

1. Utyando

Utyando lolona nyango lusetyenziswayo ukunyanga olu hlobo lomhlaza, nangona kunjalo, ineziphumo ezilungileyo kuphela xa ithumba likwisigaba sokuqala kwaye likho. Ezinye iinkqubo zotyando ezinokusetyenziswa zezi:

• Ukuthengiswa ngokutsha kwakhona: Kubandakanya ukukhuhla, ukususa okanye ukutshisa ithumba xa lincinci ngobukhulu kwaye libekwe kumphezulu wesinyi;
• Icandelo lecystectomy: iquka ukususwa kwenxalenye yesinyi echaphazeleke ithumba;
• I-cystectomy egqibeleleyo: yenziwa kumanqanaba aphezulu esi sifo kwaye iqulathe ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwesinyi.

Ekususeni ngokupheleleyo isinyi, ii-lymph node okanye amanye amalungu asondele kwisinyi anokufumana iiseli zomhlaza nazo zinokususwa. Kwimeko yamadoda, amalungu asuswe yi-Prostate, i-seminal vesicle kunye nenxalenye ye-vas deferens. Kwabasetyhini, isibeleko, amaqanda, imibhobho yesibeleko kunye nenxalenye yelungu lobufazi ziyasuswa.

2. I-BCG yonyango

I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ezikhuthaza amajoni omzimba ukuba ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza kwaye isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwimeko yomhlaza wesinyi ongaphezulu okanye ukuthintela ukukhula komhlaza omtsha, emva kotyando, umzekelo.

Iyeza elisetyenziswa kwi-immunotherapy yi-BCG, isisombululo esineebhaktiriya eziphilayo kunye neziphelelwe ngamandla, ezithi zifakwe kwisinyi nge-catheter, eya kuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukuba abulale iiseli zomhlaza. Isigulana kufuneka sigcine isisombululo se-BCG esinyini malunga neeyure ezi-2 kwaye unyango lwenziwa kube kanye ngeveki, iiveki ezi-6.

3. Unyango ngemitha

Olu hlobo lonyango lusebenzisa imitha ukushenxisa iiseli zomhlaza kwaye lunokwenziwa ngaphambi kotyando, ukunciphisa ubungakanani besisu, okanye emva kotyando, ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza ezinokubakho.

I-Radiotherapy inokwenziwa ngaphandle, kusetyenziswa isixhobo esigxile kwimitha yommandla wesinyi, okanye ngemitha yangaphakathi, apho isixhobo sibekwe khona kwisinyi ekhupha into enemitha yeathom. Unyango lwenziwa amaxesha ambalwa ngeveki, iiveki ezimbalwa, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-tumor.

4. Unyango ngamayeza

I-chemotherapy yomhlaza wesinyi isebenzisa iziyobisi ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza, kwaye inye kuphela ichiza okanye indibaniselwano ezimbini zinokusetyenziswa.

Kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wesinyi ongaphezulu, ugqirha unokusebenzisa i-intravesical chemotherapy, apho iyeza lingeniswa ngqo kwisinyi nge-catheter, kwaye lihlala iiyure ezininzi. Olu unyango lwenziwa kanye ngeveki, iiveki ezimbalwa.