I-Melanoma: yintoni na, iintlobo eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Iindidi eziphambili
• 1. Intsingiselo ebanzi y melanoma
• 2. I-melanoma engaqhelekanga
• 3. I-lentigo melanoma enobungozi
• 4. I-Acral meligoma yentsholongwane
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu we-melanoma
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ngaba iMelanoma inokunyanga?
• Ungayithintela njani imelanoma

I-Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza wolusu onobungozi okhula kwii-melanocytes, eziziiseli zolusu ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-melanin, into enika umbala kulusu. Ke, i-melanoma ixhaphake ngakumbi xa kukho izilonda rhoqo kwezi seli, ezinokuthi zenzeke ikakhulu ngenxa yokuvezwa yimitha yelanga okanye ulusu olungelulo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba kunqabile ngakumbi, i-melanoma inokubonakala emehlweni okanye kwimifinya efana nomlomo, impumlo, umqala, i-anus, ubufazi okanye ithumbu lesisu, umzekelo.

Kolu hlobo lomhlaza, ii-melanocyte zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawulwa kwaye, ke, zinokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu anje ngemiphunga, ingqondo, isibindi, amathambo okanye amathumbu, zenze i-metastases, eyenza ukuba unyango lube nzima kwaye lube namathuba amancinci okunyanga.

Ke ngoko, xa umqondiso wokuqala wotshintsho kwinkangeleko yesikhumba okanye ukukhula kweempawu, kufuneka kuboniswane nogqirha wesikhumba ukuze kuchongwe imelanoma kwangethuba, ukuququzelela unyango kunye nokwandisa amathuba onyango.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Iimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu ze-melanoma kukuvela kwendawo emnyama eluswini, utshintsho kubungakanani, imilo okanye umbala wendawo ekhoyo okanye ibala. Ukongeza, amabala okanye amabala aphuma lula kwaye ubukho bamanxeba athatha ixesha ukuphola nawo angabonakalisa imelanoma.

Jonga kule vidiyo ilandelayo ngendlela yokuchonga iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu:

Iindidi eziphambili

Iindidi ze-melanoma ziyahluka ngokwendawo yokuvela kunye nohlobo lwayo lophuhliso, ezona ntlobo ziphambili zezi:

1. Intsingiselo ebanzi y melanoma

I-melanoma ebanzi kakhulu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-melanoma kwaye iqala ukukhula kwiiseli ezingaphezulu zolusu, kwaye inokusasazeka kwimimandla enzulu yesikhumba.

Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma luqala ngeendawo ezinombala omdaka okanye omdaka okhanyayo kulusu okanye njengamabala amancinci abomvu, amhlophe, mnyama okanye luhlaza.

2. I-melanoma engaqhelekanga

I-Nodular melanoma luhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo lwe-melanoma kwaye lolona luqatha kuba lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lunokufikelela kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwasekuqaleni.

Olu hlobo lomhlaza luqala njengendawo ephakanyisiweyo, enzima okanye emnyama, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ebomvu-ebomvu kwaye ayibangeli zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, isisu esilula ukusiqonda ngenxa yokwanda ngokukhawuleza kubungakanani besilonda.

3. I-lentigo melanoma enobungozi

I-lentigo melanoma enobungozi idla ngokwenzeka kwiindawo ezichanabeke ngakumbi elangeni, njengasebusweni, entanyeni, entlonzeni nasemva kwezandla, zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abanolusu olonakaliswe lilanga.

Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma lunokuhlasela ulusu olunzulu kwaye luqale ngendawo ethe tyaba eluswini, emdaka okanye emnyama, enemida engalinganiyo kunye nemibala eyahlukileyo njengamabala amnyama mnyama okanye amnyama kumphezulu wayo.

4. I-Acral meligoma yentsholongwane

I-Acral lentiginous melanoma inqabile kwaye ekuqaleni ichaphazela ezona ndawo zingaphezulu zolusu, ngakumbi iintende, iinyawo kunye neenzipho, ibe yeyona melanoma ixhaphakileyo kwabantsundu, eAsia naseHispanic.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu we-melanoma

Ukongeza ekuchasweni lilanga kunye nokutshiswa lilanga rhoqo, i-melanoma inokubangelwa nangalo naluphi na olunye uhlobo lokuvezwa yimitha ye-UV, njengemibhede yokuqhawula, umzekelo. Kungenxa yokuba olu hlobo lokukhanya luyakwazi ukungena kwiiseli, ezinokubangela utshintsho olubi olukhokelela kwinkangeleko yomhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, i-melanoma inokuvela naphina emzimbeni, nokuba ikhuselwe kukukhanya kwe-UV kwaye, ke ngoko, nangona inqabile ngakumbi, inokuthi ikhule nakwabo bathintela ukubonakaliswa lilanga, inxulumene nosapho, imfuza kunye nemeko yokusingqongileyo.

Ezinye izinto ezibonakala ngathi zonyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-melanoma zibandakanya:

• Unesikhumba esifanelekileyo, iinwele ezimhlophe okanye ezibomvu namehlo akhanyayo;
• Unembali yokutshiswa lilanga;
• Kunzima ukushuka;
• Yenza kube lula ukufumana amabala;
• Ukuba neendawo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga okanye amabala kulusu;
• Ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza wolusu;
• Ukuba nesifo esichaphazela amajoni omzimba.

Abantu abane-1 okanye nangaphezulu kwezi zinto kufuneka babonisane rhoqo nedermatologist ukwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lolusu, ukuze kuchongwe utshintsho olunokuthi lube luphawu lokuqala lomhlaza.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-melanoma luxhomekeke kubungakanani, inqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yomntu kufuneka ikhokelwe ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo okanye ugqirha wesikhumba, kwaye kunokucetyiswa oku kulandelayo:

• Ugqirha ukususa i-melanoma;
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy ukunceda amajoni omzimba alwe nomhlaza;
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo esebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiiseli ze-melanoma;
• Unyango ngemitha ezinokuthi zenziwe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukususa i-melanoma ngokupheleleyo ngotyando okanye ukunyanga ii-lymph nodes ezichaphazelekayo yi-melanoma;
• Unyango ngamayeza ukubulala iiseli ze-melanoma kwaye zinokuhanjiswa ngqo emthanjeni okanye iipilisi ezisetyenzisiweyo ngomlomo.

Ukuba i-metastases ikhona, i-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation kufuneka ziqale ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, amazinga okuphumelela aphantsi, njengoko i-metastases ibonakala kwizigaba eziphambili zomhlaza. Bona ngakumbi malunga nonyango lomhlaza wolusu.

Ngaba iMelanoma inokunyanga?

I-Melanoma inezinga eliphezulu lokunyanga xa ingekavelisi kwenye indawo emzimbeni kwaye xa isifo senziwe kwangoko xa kuvela uphawu lokuqala. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ujonge rhoqo iimpawu kunye namabala esikhumba, ujonge utshintsho.

Ukongeza, abantu esele benalo uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu okanye abanamatyala kusapho, kufuneka baye kugqirha wesikhumba rhoqo, njengoko benomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-melanoma.

Ungayithintela njani imelanoma

Amanye amanyathelo anokunceda ukunqanda okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-melanoma enje:

• Gwema ilanga ngexesha lokuphakama kweeyure phakathi kwe-10 kusasa kunye ne-4 pm;
• Nxiba i-sunscreen yonke imihla, nge-SPF 30 ubuncinci, nakwiintsuku ezinamafu;
• Thwala umnqwazi obomvu ukuba akunakuphepheka ukuzibeka elangeni;
• Kuphephe ukushuka.

Ukongeza, umntu kufuneka aqwalasele rhoqo ulusu lomzimba wonke, ngakumbi ezona ndawo zichanekileyo elangeni, njengobuso, intamo, iindlebe kunye nokhakhayi, ekhangela utshintsho olufana nokubonakala kwamabala, amabala, amabala, ukudumba okanye utshintsho kumanqaku esikhumba. Funda ngendlela yokuthintela umhlaza wolusu.