Uvavanyo lwe-HER2 (Umhlaza webele)

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-HER2 yokuvavanywa komhlaza webele?
• Isetyenziselwa ntoni?
• Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwe-HER2 lomhlaza wamabele?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lomhlaza webele we-HER2?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuvavanywa komhlaza wamabele we-HER2?
• Izalathiso

Yintoni i-HER2 yokuvavanywa komhlaza webele?

I-HER2 imele ukukhula kwe-epidermal factor receptor 2. Yijeni eyenza iprotein ifumaneke kumphezulu wazo zonke iiseli zamabele. Iyabandakanyeka kuhlumo lweseli oluqhelekileyo.

Imfuza ziiyunithi ezisisiseko zofuzo, ezadlulayo zivela kunyoko nakuyihlo. Kwezinye i-cancer, ngakumbi umhlaza webele, i-HER2 gene iyatshintsha (itshintshe) kwaye yenze ikopi eyongezelelweyo yemfuza. Xa oku kusenzeka, uhlobo lwe-HER2 lwenza iprotheyini eninzi kakhulu ye-HER2, ibangela ukuba iiseli zahlule kwaye zikhule ngokukhawuleza.

Umhlaza onamanqanaba aphezulu e-HER2 protein ayaziwa ngokuba yi-HER2-positive. Umhlaza onamanqanaba asezantsi eprotini ayaziwa ngokuba yi-HER2-negative. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zomhlaza webele zi-HER2-positive.

Uvavanyo lwe-HER2 lujonga isampulu yethishu yamathumba. Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokuvavanya izicwili zethumba zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Immunohistochemistry (IHC) lilinganisela iproteni ye-HER2 kumphezulu weeseli
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) kujonga iikopi ezongezelelweyo zohlobo lwe-HER2

Zombini ezi ntlobo zovavanyo zinokuxela ukuba unawo na umhlaza ongu-HER2. Unyango olujolise ngqo kumhlaza webele we-HER2 lunokusebenza kakhulu.

Amanye amagama: ukukhula kwe-epidermal factor receptor 2, i-ERBB2 yokukhulisa, i-HER2 overexpression, i-HER2 / neu yovavanyo

Isetyenziselwa ntoni?

Uvavanyo lwe-HER2 lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza une-HER2-positive. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ukubona ukuba umhlaza uphendula kunyango okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile emva konyango.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwe-HER2 lomhlaza wamabele?

Ukuba ufumene ukuba unomdlavuza webele, unokufuna olu vavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza wakho une-HER2-positive okanye i-HER2-negative. Ukuba sele unyangwa umhlaza webele ongu-HER2, unokulufuna olu vavanyo:

• Fumanisa ukuba ngaba unyango lwakho luyasebenza. Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-HER2 anokuthetha ukuba uyaphendula kunyango. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokuthetha ukuba unyango alusebenzi.
• Fumanisa ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na emva konyango.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lomhlaza webele we-HER2?

Uninzi lovavanyo lwe-HER2 lubandakanya ukuthatha isampulu yesisu somzimba kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy. Zintathu iindlela eziphambili zenkqubo ye-biopsy:

• I-biopsy enqwenela inaliti, esebenzisa inaliti ebhityileyo ukususa isampulu yeeseli zamabele okanye ulwelo
• I-biopsy yenaliti engundoqo, esebenzisa inaliti enkulu ukususa isampulu
• Utyando lwe-biopsy, esusa isampulu kwinkqubo encinci, yesigulana

Umnqweno wenaliti olungileyo kunye neenaliti ezingundoqo zenaliti ihlala ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Uya kubeka kwicala lakho okanye uhlale kwitafile yeemviwo.
• Umboneleli wezempilo uya kucoca indawo ye-biopsy kwaye ayitofe nge-anesthetic ukuze ungaziva naziphi na iintlungu ngexesha lenkqubo.
• Nje ukuba loo ndawo ibe ndindisholo, umboneleli uya kufaka inaliti yokuthambisa elungileyo okanye inaliti engundoqo ye-biopsy kwindawo ye-biopsy kwaye asuse isampulu yethishu okanye ulwelo.
• Unokuziva uxinzelelo oluncinci xa isampulu irhoxisiwe.
• Uxinzelelo luya kusetyenziswa kwisiza se-biopsy de ukuphuma kokopha.
• Umboneleli wakho uya kufaka ibandage engenazintsholongwane kwindawo ye-biopsy.

Kwi-biopsy yokuhlinzwa, Ugqirha uya kusika kancinane ulusu lwakho ukuze asuse lonke okanye inxenye yesigaqa sebele. Ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa i-biopsy yotyando ukuba iqhuma alinakufikelelwa nge-biopsy yenaliti. Utyando lwe-biopsies zihlala zibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo.

• Uya kulala etafileni yokusebenza. IV (umgca ofakwa ngaphakathi) unokufakwa engalweni okanye esandleni sakho.
• Unokunikwa iyeza, ekuthiwa kukuthomalalisa, ukukunceda uphumle.
• Uya kunikwa i-anesthesia yendawo okanye eqhelekileyo ukuze ungaziva zintlungu ngexesha lenkqubo.
  • Kwi-anesthesia yendawo, umboneleli wokhathalelo lwempilo uya kutofa indawo ye-biopsy ngamayeza okubuyisa lendawo.
  • Kwi-anesthesia ngokubanzi, ingcali ebizwa ngokuba yi-anesthesiologist iya kukunika iyeza ukuze ungabikho nto ngexesha lenkqubo.
• Nje ukuba indawo ye-biopsy ibe ndindisholo okanye ungabikho zingqondweni, ugqirha wotyando uya kusika kancinci ebeleni kwaye asuse inxenye okanye lonke iqhuma. Ezinye izicwili ezijikeleze iqhuma nazo zinokususwa.
• Ukusikwa kolusu lwakho kuya kuvalwa ngemithungo okanye imitya yokuncamathelisa.

Uhlobo lwe-biopsy onalo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba. I-HER2 inokulinganiswa kuvavanyo lwegazi, kodwa ukuvavanywa kwegazi kwe-HER2 akubonakaliswanga kuluncedo kwizigulana ezininzi. Ke akuqhelekanga ukucetyiswa.

Emva kokuba kuthathwe isampulu yakho yethishu, iya kuvavanywa ngenye yeendlela ezimbini:

• Amanqanaba eeprotein ze-HER2 aya kulinganiswa.
• Isampulu iya kujongwa kwiikopi ezongezelelweyo zohlobo lwe-HER2.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?

Awuyi kufuna amalungiselelo akhethekileyo ukuba ufumana i-anesthesia yendawo (ukuphazamiseka kwendawo ye-biopsy). Ukuba ufumana i-anesthesia ngokubanzi, kuya kufuneka ukhawuleze (ungatyi okanye usele) iiyure ezininzi ngaphambi kotyando. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo ethe ngqo. Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana i-anesthesia okanye i-anesthesia jikelele, qiniseka ukuba ulungiselele ukuba umntu akuqhube ekhaya. Unokuba groggy kwaye udideke emva kokuba uvukile kwinkqubo.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?

Unokuba nokugruzuka okuncinci okanye ukopha kwindawo ye-biopsy. Ngamanye amaxesha indawo iyosuleleka. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, uya kunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. I-biopsy yokuhlinzwa ingabangela ezinye iintlungu kunye nokuphazamiseka. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucebisa okanye akunike amayeza ukukunceda uzive ungcono.

Mncinci kakhulu umngcipheko wokuvavanywa kwegazi. Unokuba nentlungu encinci okanye ukrakra kwindawo apho inaliti yafakwa khona, kodwa uninzi lweempawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Ukuba amanqanaba eproteni e-HER2 aphezulu kuneekopi eziqhelekileyo okanye ezongezelelweyo zohlobo lwe-HER2 ezifumanekayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuthetha ukuba unomhlaza we-HER2. Ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa izixa eziqhelekileyo zeprotheyini ye-HER2 okanye inani eliqhelekileyo le-HER2 genes, mhlawumbi unomdlavuza we-HER2-negative.

Ukuba iziphumo zakho bezingakhange zicace gca okanye zibe nezingalunganga, uyakuthi uphinde uphindwe ubuye, nokuba usebenzisa isampulu eyahlukileyo yethumba okanye usebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yovavanyo. Rhoqo, IHC (kuvavanywa iproteni ye-HER2) yenziwa kuqala, ilandelwe yi-FISH (kuvavanywa iikopi ezingaphezulu zofuzo). Ukuvavanywa kwe-IHC akubizi kakhulu kwaye kunika iziphumo ezikhawulezayo kune-FISH. Kodwa uninzi lweengcali zamabele zicinga ukuba ukuvavanywa kwe-FISH kuchanekile.

Unyango lomhlaza webele we-HER2-onokuthi anciphise kakhulu izicwili zomhlaza, ezineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa. Olu nyango alusebenzi kwi-HER2-negative cancer.

Ukuba unyangwa umhlaza one-HER2, iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zinokuthetha ukuba uyaphendula kunyango. Iziphumo ezibonisa ngaphezulu kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo zinokuthetha ukuba unyango lwakho alusebenzi, okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile emva konyango.

Funda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwelabhoratri, uluhlu lweereferensi, kunye neziphumo zokuqonda.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuvavanywa komhlaza wamabele we-HER2?

Nangona ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi, umhlaza webele, kubandakanya umhlaza webele we-HER2-positive, unokuchaphazela namadoda. Ukuba umntu ufunyaniswe enomhlaza webele, uvavanyo lwe-HER2 lunokucetyiswa.

Ukongeza, amadoda nabafazi banokufuna uvavanyo lwe-HER2 ukuba bafumaniswe ukuba banomhlaza othile wesisu kunye nomqala. Ezi zomhlaza ngamanye amaxesha zinamanqanaba aphezulu eprotheyini ye-HER2 kwaye zinokuphendula kakuhle kunyango lwe-HER2-positive.

Izalathiso

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Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.