Isifo sephepha

Umxholo

• Umfanekiso wesifo sephepha
• Izinto ezibangela isifo sephepha
• Imingcipheko yomntu onesifo sephepha
• Iimpawu neempawu zesifo sephepha
• Ukuchongwa kwesifo sephepha esingelilo
• Unyango lwe-miliary TB
• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane
• IiSteroids
• Ugqirha
• Imbonakalo ye-TB yokunyanga

Ushwankathelo

Isifo sephepha (TB) sisifo esinzulu esihlala sichaphazela imiphunga yakho kuphela, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba sisifo sephepha semiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha intsholongwane ingena egazini lakho, isasazeka emzimbeni wakho, kwaye ikhule kwilungu elinye okanye aliqela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-miliary TB, uhlobo olusasazwayo lwesifo sephepha.

I-Miliary TB yafumana igama layo ngo-1700 ivela kuJohn Jacob Manget kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwesidumbu, emva kokubhubha kwesigulana. Imizimba iya kuba neendawo ezininzi ezincinci ezifana namakhulu embewu encinci malunga ne-2 yeemilimitha ubude ezichithwe kwizicwili ezahlukeneyo. Kuba imbewu ye-millet imalunga nobungakanani, imeko yaziwa ngokuba yi-TB ye-miliary. Sisifo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ubomi.

Le meko inqabile kubantu abanamajoni omzimba aqhelekileyo. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu amajoni omzimba wabo angasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungaziphathi kakuhle.

Rhoqo imiphunga yakho, umongo wamathambo, kunye nesibindi ziyachaphazeleka kwi-miliary TB, kodwa inokusasazeka nakwilitha lentliziyo yakho, umnqonqo wakho kunye nengqondo, kunye namanye amalungu omzimba wakho. Ngokuka-Lining, ubuchopho bengqondo bosulelwe kwiipesenti ezingama-25 zabantu abane-TB enganyangekiyo. Kubalulekile ukujonga oku kuba kufuna unyango olude.

Umfanekiso wesifo sephepha

Izinto ezibangela isifo sephepha

I-TB ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium. Iyosulela kwaye iyasasazeka xa umntu onesifo sephepha esisebenzayo emiphungeni yakhe ekhupha intsholongwane emoyeni ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla, kwaye omnye umntu ayiphefumlele. Inokuhlala ihamba emoyeni kangangeyure ezimbalwa.

Xa uneentsholongwane emzimbeni wakho kodwa amajoni akho omzimba omelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba angalwa nawo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-TB efihlakeleyo. Nge-TB efihlakeleyo, awunazo iimpawu kwaye awosuleli. Ukuba amajoni akho omzimba ayayeka ukusebenza kakuhle, i-TB efihlakeleyo inokujika ibe yi-TB esebenzayo. Uya kuba neempawu kwaye usuleleke.

Imingcipheko yomntu onesifo sephepha

, isifo sephepha esibonakalayo sabonwa ikakhulu kwiintsana nasebantwaneni. Ngoku ifunyenwe kakhulu rhoqo kubantu abadala. Kungenxa yokuba ukungaziphathi kakuhle kuxhaphake kakhulu namhlanje.

Nantoni na eyenza buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba yonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana naluphi na uhlobo lwe-TB. Isifo sephepha esingeyonyani sidla ngokwenzeka kuphela xa amajoni akho omzimba ebuthathaka kakhulu. Imiqathango kunye neenkqubo ezinokuthi zenze buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba zibandakanya:

• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo noGawulayo
• utywala
• ukungondleki
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
• isifo seswekile
• umhlaza emiphungeni yakho, entanyeni, okanye entloko
• ukuba ukhulelwe okanye usandula ukubeleka
• dialysis yexesha elide

Abo bakumayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha okanye ukujikisa amajoni omzimba bakwimngcipheko omkhulu we-TB yokunyanga. Eyona ixhaphakileyo kukusetyenziswa kwe-corticosteroid yexesha elide, kodwa iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa emva kokufakelwa ilungu okanye ukunyanga izifo zomzimba kunye nomhlaza nazo zinokuwenza buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wakho we-TB ye-miliary.

Iimpawu neempawu zesifo sephepha

Iimpawu ze-miliary TB ziqheleke kakhulu. Banokubandakanya:

• umkhuhlane oqhubeka iiveki ezininzi kwaye unokuba mbi ngokuhlwa
• Ukugodola
• ukhohlokhohlo olomileyo olunokuba negazi ngamanye amaxesha
• ukudinwa
• ubuthathaka
• ukuphefumla okufutshane okwandayo kunye nexesha
• ukungathandi ukutya
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukubila ebusuku
• Andiziva mnandi ngokubanzi

Ukuba amanye amalungu ngaphandle kwemiphunga yakho bosulelekile, la malungu anokuyeka ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngamanqanaba asezantsi eeseli ezibomvu ukuba umongo wethambo lakho uchaphazelekile okanye uphawu olukhawulezileyo ukuba ulusu lwakho luyabandakanyeka.

Ukuchongwa kwesifo sephepha esingelilo

Iimpawu ze-miliary TB ziyafana nezo kwizigulo ezininzi, kwaye intsholongwane kunokuba nzima ukuyifumana xa igazi lakho, olunye ulwelo, okanye iisampulu zethishu zijongwa phantsi kwemicroscope. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima kugqirha wakho ukuba afumanise kwaye ahlule kwezinye izinto ezinokubangela iimpawu zakho. Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zinokufuneka kugqirha wakho ukuze enze isifo.

Uvavanyo lwesikhumba lwe-tuberculin olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-PPD lubonisa ukuba ukhe wabhentsiswa yintsholongwane ebangela i-TB. Olu vavanyo alunakukuxelela ukuba okwangoku unesifo esisebenzayo; ibonisa kuphela ukuba ukhe wosulelwa ngaxa lithile. Xa ungafakwanga emzimbeni, olu vavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba awunaso esi sifo naxa ungenaso.

Ugqirha wakho uza ku-odola i-X-ray yesifuba ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lwakho lolusu luhle okanye unempawu ezibonisa ukuba une-TB. Ngokungafaniyo nesifo sephepha esiqhele ukubonakala njengolunye usulelo, ipatheni ye-millet esesifubeni iX-reyi luphawu lwe-TB enganyangekiyo. Xa iphethini ibonwa, kulula ukwenza uxilongo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ayibonisi de ube unesifo kunye neempawu ixesha elide.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokuyalelwa ngugqirha wakho ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa kwe-TB yamayeza zezi:

• i-CT scan, enika umfanekiso ongcono wemiphunga yakho
• iisampulu zesikhohlela ukujonga iintsholongwane phantsi kwemicroscope
• kuvavanyo lwegazi olunokubona ukuvezwa kwintsholongwane
• i-bronchoscopy apho kufakwa khona ikhamera ecekethekileyo, ekhanyisiweyo ngomlomo wakho okanye impumlo kwimiphunga yakho ukuze ugqirha wakho ajonge amabala angaqhelekanga kwaye afumane iisampulu zokujonga phantsi kwemicroscope

Kuba i-miliary TB ichaphazela amalungu omzimba wakho ngaphandle kwemiphunga yakho, ugqirha wakho angafuna olunye uvavanyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni bacinga ukuba usulelo luphi na:

• Ukuskena i-CT kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho, ngakumbi isisu sakho
• I-MRI ukukhangela usulelo kwingqondo yakho okanye kumqolo womqolo
• i-echocardiogram ukukhangela usulelo kunye nolwelo kulwelo lwentliziyo yakho
• isampuli yomchamo ukukhangela intsholongwane
• umongo wethambo, apho iinaliti zifakwa embindini wethambo ukuthatha isampulu ukukhangela intsholongwane phantsi kwemicroscope
• i-biopsy, apho iqhekeza elincinci lithathwa kwilungu ekucingelwa ukuba linosulelo kwaye lijongwe ngemicroscope ukufumana ibhaktheriya
• impompo yomqolo ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba ulwelo olujikeleze intambo yakho yomqolo kunye nengqondo bosulelekile
• inkqubo apho inaliti ifakwe kwingqokelela yolwelo ejikeleze imiphunga yakho ukukhangela iintsholongwane

Unyango lwe-miliary TB

Unyango luyafana nolwesifo sephepha kwaye lungaqulatha:

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane

Uya kunyangwa ngamayeza amaninzi kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-9. Nje ukuba ibhaktiriya ikhule kwinkcubeko (ethatha ixesha elide), ilebhu iya kuvavanya ukubona ukuba ngaba ii-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo zibulala uhlobo lweebhaktiriya onazo. Rhoqo, inye okanye ngaphezulu kwee-antibiotics azinakusebenza, ekuthiwa kukunganyangeki ngamachiza. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aya kutshintshelwa kwamanye asebenzayo.

Ukuba ulwelwesi lwengqondo lusulelekile, uyakunyanga iinyanga ezili-9 ukuya kwezi-12 zonyango.

Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• isoniazid
• iethambutol
• ipycinanamide
• rifampin

IiSteroids

Unokunikwa i-steroids ukuba umgca wengqondo yakho okanye intliziyo yakho inesifo.

Ugqirha

Ngokuqhelekileyo, unokuba neengxaki, ezifana ne-abscess, efuna ukuhlinzwa ukuze uphathe.

Imbonakalo ye-TB yokunyanga

Isifo sephepha i-Miliary sisifo esinqabileyo kodwa esosulelayo nesisongela ubomi. Ukunyanga isigulo kufuna ngaphezulu kwenyanga yee-antibiotics ezininzi. Kubalulekile ukuba olu suleleko lufunyanwe kwangoko kangangoko kwaye uthathe ii-antibiotics ixesha elide njengoko kuyalelwe. Oku kuvumela iziphumo ezilungileyo kwaye kuyeka ukubanakho ukusasaza kwabanye abantu. Ukuba unazo naziphi na iimpawu zesifo sephepha, okanye uyazi ngokuvezwa kwesi sifo kutshanje, nxibelelana neofisi kagqirha wakho ukuze ubonane ngokukhawuleza.