Myocarditis: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Ungayinyanga njani i-myocarditis
• I-sequelae enokwenzeka

I-Myocarditis kukudumba kwentliziyo yemisipha enokuvela njengengxaki ngexesha leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo emzimbeni, zibangele iimpawu ezinje ngesifuba, ukuphefumla kancinci okanye isiyezi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-myocarditis ivela ngexesha losulelo lwentsholongwane, njengomkhuhlane okanye irhashalala, kodwa inokwenzeka xa kukho usulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye isikhunta, kwimeko apho kuhlala kufanelekile ukuba usulelo lube phambili kakhulu. Ukongeza, i-myocarditis inokubangelwa zizifo ezizimela komzimba, ezinje ngeSystemic Lupus Erythematosus, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile kunye nokusela kakhulu iziyobisi, umzekelo.

I-Myocarditis iyanyangeka kwaye ihlala inyamalala xa usulelo lunyangekile, nangona kunjalo, xa ukudumba kwentliziyo kunzima kakhulu okanye kungapheli, kungafuneka uhlale esibhedlele.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kwiimeko ezinzima, njengaxa kubanda okanye umkhuhlane, umzekelo, i-myocarditis ayibangeli zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ezifana nezo zintsholongwane yebhaktheriya, oku kulandelayo kunokuvela:

• Iintlungu zesifuba;
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga;
• Ukuziva uphefumla kancinci;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ukudumba kwemilenze neenyawo;
• Ukuba nesiyezi.

Kubantwana, kwelinye icala, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela, njengokunyuka komkhuhlane, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla. Kule meko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubonane nogqirha wabantwana kwangoko ukuvavanya ingxaki kunye nokuqala unyango olufanelekileyo.

Kuba i-myocarditis ivela ngexesha losulelo, iimpawu kunokuba nzima ukuzibona, kwaye ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye esibhedlele xa iimpawu zihlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-3, kuba ngenxa yokukrala kwemisipha yentliziyo, intliziyo iqala ubunzima bokumpompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo, elinokubangela ukuba isifo sokuqaqamba kwentliziyo kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo, umzekelo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Xa kukrokrelwa i-myocarditis, ugqirha wentliziyo unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile ezinjenge-X-ray yesifuba, i-electrocardiogram okanye i-echocardiogram ukuchonga utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo. Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu kuba iimpawu zinokubangelwa lusulelo emzimbeni, ngaphandle kotshintsho entliziyweni.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zaselebhu zihlala zicelwa ukuba ziqwalasele ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nokusuleleka, njenge-VSH, i-PCR dosage, i-leukogram kunye nokuxinana kweempawu zentliziyo, ezinje nge-CK-MB kunye neTroponin. Yazi iimvavanyo ezivavanya intliziyo.

Ungayinyanga njani i-myocarditis

Unyango luhlala lusenziwa ekhaya ngokuphumla ukunqanda ukugqithisa ngentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, usulelo olwabangela i-myocarditis kufuneka lunyangwe ngokwaneleyo kwaye, ke, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuthatha ii-antibiotics, ii-antifungals okanye ii-antivirals, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, ukuba iimpawu ze-myocarditis zivela okanye ukuba ukudumba kuthintela ukusebenza kwentliziyo, ugqirha wentliziyo unokucebisa ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezinje:

• Unyango oluphezulu lwexinzelelo lwegazi, ezinje nge-captopril, ramipril okanye i-losartan: bayayiphumlisa imithambo yegazi kwaye baququzelele ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinje ngesifuba kunye nokuphefumla kancinci;
• Beta-iibhlokhi, ezinje nge-metoprolol okanye i-bisoprolol: ukunceda ukomeleza intliziyo, ukulawula ukubetha okungaqhelekanga;
• Womchamo, njenge-furosemide: phelisa ulwelo olungaphezulu emzimbeni, ukunciphisa ukudumba emilenzeni kunye nokwenza lula ukuphefumla.

Kwezona meko zinzima, apho i-myocarditis ibangela utshintsho oluninzi ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuhlala esibhedlele ukwenza amayeza ngqo emthanjeni okanye ukubeka izixhobo, ezifanayo nesincedisi-ntliziyo, esinceda intliziyo ukuba sebenza.

Kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, apho ukudumba kwentliziyo kusongela ubomi, kusenokudingeka ukuba kufakelwe intliziyo engxamisekileyo.

I-sequelae enokwenzeka

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-myocarditis iyanyamalala ngaphandle kokushiya naluphi na uhlobo lwe-sequelae, kuqheleke kakhulu ukuba umntu akazi nokuba unale ngxaki yentliziyo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa ukudumba okusentliziyweni kukhulu kakhulu, kunokushiya izilonda ezisisigxina kwintliziyo yemisipha ekhokelela kuqaliso lwezifo ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwezi meko, ugqirha wezentliziyo uya kuncoma ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile ekufuneka esetyenziswe iinyanga ezimbalwa okanye ubomi bonke, kuxhomekeke kubukhali.

Jonga amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi.