UMyasthenia Gravis

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zemyasthenia gravis?
• Yintoni ebangela i-myasthenia gravis?
• Ufumanisa njani i-myasthenia gravis?
• Izinketho zonyango lwe-myasthenia gravis
• Amayeza
• Ukususwa kwedlala le Thymus
• Utshintshiselwano ngePlasma
• I-globulin yangaphakathi yomzimba
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Iingxaki zemyasthenia gravis
• Umbono wexesha elide

IMyasthenia gravis

I-Myasthenia gravis (MG) sisifo se-neuromuscular disorder esibangela ubuthathaka kwiimisipha zamathambo, ezizizihlunu zomzimba ozisebenzisayo ukuhamba. Kwenzeka xa unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu lonakala. Oku kuphazamiseka kuthintela ukuba izihlunu ezibalulekileyo zingabikho, zikhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kwezihlunu.

NgokweMyasthenia Gravis Foundation yaseMelika, iMG sesona sifo siphambili sokudluliselwa kwe-neuromuscular. Yimeko enqabileyo echaphazela phakathi kwe-14 kunye nama-20 kubantu abangama-100,000 e-United States.

Zithini iimpawu zemyasthenia gravis?

Uphawu oluphambili lwe-MG bubuthathaka kwimisipha yokuzithandela, eyimisipha ephantsi kolawulo lwakho. Ukungaphumeleli kwezihlunu ukwenza ikhontrakthi ngesiqhelo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba zingakwazi ukuphendula kwimithambo-luvo. Ngaphandle kokudluliselwa okufanelekileyo kwempembelelo, unxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu luyavalwa kwaye iziphumo zobuthathaka.

Ubuthathaka obuhambelana neMG buya buba mandundu ngomsebenzi omninzi kwaye buye buphuculwe ngokuphumla. Iimpawu zeMG zingabandakanya:

• unengxaki yokuthetha
• iingxaki zokuhamba ngezinyuko okanye ukuphakamisa izinto
• ukukhubazeka ebusweni
• ubunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha
• ubunzima bokuginya okanye ukuhlafuna
• ukudinwa
• ilizwi elirhawuzelelayo
• ukuntywila kweenkophe
• umbono kabini

Ayinguye wonke umntu oya kuba nayo yonke impawu, kwaye inqanaba lobuthathaka bemisipha linokutshintsha imihla ngemihla. Ubukrakra beempawu buye bonyuke ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuba abuye unganyangwa.

Yintoni ebangela i-myasthenia gravis?

I-MG sisifo se-neuromuscular disorder esihlala sibangelwa yingxaki yokuzimela. Ukuphazamiseka komzimba ngokuzenzekelayo kwenzeka xa amajoni akho omzimba ehlasela ngempazamo izicwili ezisempilweni. Kule meko, ii-antibodies, eziziiproteni ezihlala zihlasela izinto zangaphandle, eziyingozi emzimbeni, zihlasela indawo yokudibana ye-neuromuscular. Ukonakala kwimbumba ye-neuromuscular kunciphisa umphumo we-neurotransmitter drug acetylcholine, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kunxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu. Oku kubangela ubuthathaka bemisipha.

Isizathu esona sizathu sokuziphendulela komzimba asicacanga kwizazinzulu. NgokukaMbutho weMuscular Dystrophy, enye ithiyori kukuba iiproteni ezithile zentsholongwane okanye zebhakteria zinokubangela ukuba umzimba uhlasele i-acetylcholine.

NgokweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo, i-MG idla ngokwenzeka kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40. Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ukuba bafunyanwe njengabantu abadala, ngelixa amadoda kusenokwenzeka ukuba afunyaniswe eneminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu.

Ufumanisa njani i-myasthenia gravis?

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba, kunye nokuthatha imbali eneenkcukacha zeempawu zakho. Kananjalo baya kwenza uvavanyo lwe-neurological. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ukujonga imeko yakho
• ujonge ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Ukujonga ithoni yezihlunu
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amehlo akho ahamba kakuhle
• ukuvavanya imvakalelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho
• ukuvavanya imisebenzi yemoto, njengokuchukumisa umnwe wakho empumlweni

Olunye uvavanyo olunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane imeko ibandakanya:

• Ukuphindaphinda uvavanyo lokuvuselela inzwa
• ukuvavanywa kwegazi kwii-antibodies ezinxulumene neMG
• Uvavanyo lwe-edrophonium (Tensilon): iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiTensilon (okanye i-placebo) ilawulwa ngaphakathi, kwaye uyacelwa ukuba wenze iintshukumo zemisipha phantsi koqwalaselo lukagqirha
• ukucinga ngesifuba usebenzisa i-CT scans okanye i-MRI ukukhupha i-tumor

Izinketho zonyango lwe-myasthenia gravis

Akukho lunyango lwe-MG. Injongo yonyango kukulawula iimpawu kunye nokulawula umsebenzi wamajoni akho omzimba.

Amayeza

Iicorticosteroids kunye ne-immunosuppressants zinokusetyenziselwa ukucinezela amajoni omzimba. La mayeza anceda ukunciphisa impendulo engaqhelekanga yomzimba eyenzeka kwi-MG.

Ukongeza, ii-cholinesterase inhibitors, ezinje nge-pyridostigmine (Mestinon), inokusetyenziselwa ukwandisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu.

Ukususwa kwedlala le Thymus

Ukususwa kwe-thymus gland, eyinxalenye yesistim somzimba, kunokufaneleka kwizigulane ezininzi ezine-MG. Emva kokuba i-thymus isuswe, izigulane zibonisa ubuthathaka obuncinci bemisipha.

Ngokwe-Myasthenia Gravis Foundation yaseMelika, phakathi kwe-10 ne-15% yabantu abane-MG baya kuba nesisu kwi-thymus yabo. Izidumba, nkqu nezo zinobungozi, zihlala zisuswa kuba zinokuba ngumhlaza.

Utshintshiselwano ngePlasma

I-Plasmapheresis yaziwa ngokuba kukutshintshiselana ngeplasma. Le nkqubo isusa ii-antibodies eziyingozi egazini, ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekuphuculeni amandla emisipha.

I-Plasmapheresis yonyango lwexesha elifutshane. Umzimba uyaqhubeka nokuvelisa ii-antibodies eziyingozi kwaye ubuthathaka bunokuvela kwakhona. Ukutshintshiselana ngePlasma kuluncedo ngaphambi kotyando okanye ngamaxesha obuthathaka obukhulu beMG.

I-globulin yangaphakathi yomzimba

I-immune globulin (IVIG) efakwa ngaphakathi yimveliso yegazi evela kubaxhasi. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-MG autoimmune. Nangona kungaziwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba isebenza njani i-IVIG, ichaphazela ukudalwa kunye nokusebenza kwee-antibodies.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-MG:

• Fumana ukuphumla okuninzi ukunceda ukunciphisa ubuthathaka bemisipha.
• Ukuba ukhathazwa ngumbono ophindwe kabini, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufanelekile ukuba unxibe isiziba samehlo.
• Gwema uxinzelelo kunye nokuvezwa kobushushu, njengoko zombini zinokuba zimbi iimpawu.

Olu nyango alunakunyanga iMG. Nangona kunjalo, uya kuthi ubone ukuphuculwa kweempawu zakho. Abanye abantu banokuya kuxolelo, ngexesha unyango lungeyomfuneko.

Tshela ugqirha wakho malunga nawaphi na amayeza okanye izongezo ozithathayo. Ezinye iziyobisi zingenza iimpawu zeMG zibe zibi nakakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza elitsha, jonga ugqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba likhuselekile.

Iingxaki zemyasthenia gravis

Enye yeengxaki ezinobungozi beMG yintlekele ye-myasthenic. Oku kubandakanya ubuthathaka bemisipha obusongela ubomi obunokubandakanya iingxaki zokuphefumla. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi zakho. Ukuba uqala ukuba nengxaki yokuphefumla okanye yokuginya, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lasekuhlaleni kwangoko.

Abantu abane-MG basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa ezinye iingxaki zokuzimela komzimba ezinje nge-lupus kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.

Umbono wexesha elide

Umbono wexesha elide we-MG uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Abanye abantu baya kuba neempawu ezincinci. Abanye banokugqibela ngokuhamba ngesitulo esinamavili. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento onokuyenza ukunciphisa ubunzima be-MG yakho. Unyango lwakwangoko noluchanekileyo lunokunciphisa ukukhula kwesifo kubantu abaninzi.