Irhashalala kunye neemeko zolusu ezinxulunyaniswa ne-HIV kunye ne-AIDS: Iimpawu kunye nokunye

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Amanqanaba e-HIV xa imeko yolusu kunokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke
• Imifanekiso yeerhashalala kunye neemeko zolusu ezinxulumene ne-HIV ne-AIDS
• Ukudumba kwesikhumba
• Xerosis
• Dermatitis ephezulu
• I-seborrheic dermatitis
• Photodermatitis
• I-folliculitis ye-Eosinophillic
• Prurigo nodularis
• Usulelo
• Igcushuwa
• Candidiasis
• I-Herpes zoster virus (i-shingles)
• Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex (HSV)
• IMolluscum contagiosum
• Umlomo womlomo weleukoplakia
• Iintsumpa
• Umhlaza wolusu
• ICarcinoma
• Melanoma
• I-Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
• Thetha nomboneleli wezempilo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeziyobisi ze-HIV

Ushwankathelo

Xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka yi-HIV, inokukhokelela kwiimeko zolusu ezibangela irhashalala, izilonda kunye nezilonda.

Iimeko zolusu zinokuba phakathi kweempawu zokuqala ze-HIV kwaye zinokubakho kwinqanaba lokuqala. Banokubonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, njengoko umhlaza kunye nosulelo luthatha ithuba lokungasebenzi komzimba kwizigaba ezizayo zesifo.

Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abane-HIV baya kuphuhlisa imeko yolusu ngexesha lesifo. Ezi meko zesikhumba zihlala ziwela kwelinye lala macandelo mathathu:

• ukudumba kwesikhumba, okanye irhashalala
• Usulelo kunye nosulelo, kubandakanya ibhaktiriya, ukungunda, intsholongwane, kunye neparasitic
• umhlaza wolusu

Njengomgaqo jikelele, iimeko zesikhumba ezibangelwa yi-HIV ziyaphuculwa ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Amanqanaba e-HIV xa imeko yolusu kunokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ihlala iqhubela phambili ngokwamanqanaba amathathu:

Umntu kusenokwenzeka ukuba afumane iimeko zolusu ngexesha lesigaba 1 kunye nebakala 3 le-HIV.

Usulelo lomngundo luqheleke ngakumbi xa amajoni omzimba ekubuthathaka kwawo, kwinqanaba lesithathu. Usulelo oluvela kweli nqanaba ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba lusulelo olungenelelayo.

Imifanekiso yeerhashalala kunye neemeko zolusu ezinxulumene ne-HIV ne-AIDS

Ukudumba kwesikhumba

I-Dermatitis luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-HIV. Unyango luhlala lubandakanya enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• antihistamines
• amayeza ee-antiretroviral
• ii-steroids
• izihloko zokuthambisa

Ezinye iintlobo zedermatitis zibandakanya:

Xerosis

I-Xerosis kukuma kolusu, okuhlala kubonakala ngathi kurhawuzelela, amabala anamaxolo ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu, nakubantu abangenayo i-HIV. Ingabangelwa yimozulu eyomileyo okanye eshushu, ukubekeka elangeni kakhulu, okanye kwimvula eshushu.

IXerosis inokunyangwa ngezithambisi kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, njengokuthintela imvula ende, eshushu okanye ibhafu. Amatyala amandundu ngakumbi anokufuna ukuthanjiswa okanye iikhrimu.

Dermatitis ephezulu

I-atopic dermatitis yimeko engapheliyo yokuvuvukala edla ngokubangela ukubomvu, ukuqaqamba, kunye nokurhawuzelela. Inokubonakala kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba, kubandakanya:

• iinyawo
• amaqatha
• izandla
• izihlahla
• intamo
• iinkophe
• ngaphakathi kwamadolo neengqiniba

Ichaphazela malunga nabantu baseMelika, kwaye kubonakala ngathi kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezomileyo okanye ezisezidolophini.

I-atopic dermatitis inokunyangwa nge-corticosteroid creams, ulusu olungisa ulusu olubizwa ngokuba yi-calcineurin inhibitors, okanye amayeza okulwa ukurhawuzelela. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokumiselwa kusulelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphindaphinda kuqhelekile kubantu abane-HIV.

I-seborrheic dermatitis

I-Seborrheic dermatitis ichaphazela ikakhulu ubuso kunye ne-scalp, okukhokelela kubomvu, izikali kunye nokudada. Le meko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-seborrheic eczema.

Ngelixa isenzeka malunga neepesenti ezintlanu zoluntu ngokubanzi, imeko ibonwa kuma-85 ukuya kuma-90 epesenti yabantu abane-HIV.

Unyango luyanceda ekuthomalaliseni iimpawu kwaye luhlala luqukethe iindlela ezincokolayo, ezinje ngeshampoo yokuthintela ukungcola kunye nokulungisa isithintelo.

Photodermatitis

I-Photodermatitis yenzeka xa imitha ye-UV evela elangeni ibangela irhashalala, iblisters, okanye amabala omileyo eluswini. Ukongeza kuqhambuko lolusu, umntu one-photodermatitis usenokuba neentlungu, iintloko, isicaphucaphu, okanye umkhuhlane.

Le meko iqhelekile ngexesha lonyango lwe-antiretroviral, xa amajoni omzimba esiba hyperactive, kunye nangexesha lokuzikhusela komzimba.

I-folliculitis ye-Eosinophillic

I-Eosinophillic folliculitis ibonakaliswa kukurhawuzelela, amaqhuma abomvu ajolise kwizikhumba zeenwele esikhumbeni nasemzimbeni ongasentla. Le fom yesikhumba ifunyanwa rhoqo kubantu abakumanqanaba okugqibela e-HIV.

Amayeza omlomo, iikhrimu, kunye neeshampu ezinamayeza zinokusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuphatha iimpawu, kodwa imeko kunzima ukuyinyanga.

Prurigo nodularis

Iprurigo nodularis yimeko apho amaqhuma eluswini abangela ukurhawuzelela kunye nokubonakala okufana nonokhwekhwe. Ivela ikakhulu kwimilenze nakwiingalo.

Olu hlobo lwe-dermatitis luchaphazela abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu. Ukurhawuzelela kunokuba nzima kangangokuba ukukrola okuphindiweyo kubangela ukopha, amanxeba avulekileyo kunye nosulelo olongezelelekileyo.

I-Prurigo nodularis inokunyangwa nge-steroid cream okanye ii-antihistamines. Kwiimeko ezinzima, umboneleli wezempilo unokucebisa nge-cryotherapy (ukukhenkceza izigaqa). Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokumiselwa kusulelo olubangelwa kukukrwempa kakhulu.

I-Photodermatitis ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu bebala. Abantu bombala banamathuba amaninzi okuphuhlisa i-prurigo nodularis.

Usulelo

Inani leentsholongwane, ukungunda, intsholongwane, kunye nosulelo lwe-parasitic zichaphazela abantu abane-HIV. Ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo zixelwa:

Igcushuwa

I-Syphilis ibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Treponema pallidum. Kukhokelela kwizilonda ezingenantlungu, okanye kwiitshisi, kwilungu lobufazi okanye ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Isigaba sesibini se-syphilis sikwakhokelela kumqala obuhlungu, ukudumba kwe-lymph nodes, kunye nerhashalala.Irhashalala ayizukurhawuzelela kwaye ibonakala gca ezintendeni okanye ematheni.

Umntu unokufumana kuphela isivumelwano segcushuwa ngokunxibelelana ngqo, njengonxibelelwano ngokwesondo, kunye nezilonda ze-syphilitic. I-Syphilis ihlala iphathwa ngenaliti yepenicillin. Kwimeko yepenicillin yokungezwani komzimba, kuya kusetyenziswa enye i-antibiotic.

Ngenxa yokuba igcushuwa kunye ne-HIV babelana ngemingcipheko efanayo, abantu abafumana ukuxilongwa kwe-syphilis banokufuna ukuthatha uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwe-HIV ngokunjalo.

Candidiasis

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingakhokelela kwi-thrush yomlomo, uhlobo losulelo lolusu olubangelwa ngumngundo Iicandida albicans (C. albicans). Olu suleleko luphindaphindeneyo lubangela iintanda ezibuhlungu ezimbombeni zomlomo (ezaziwa njenge-angular cheilitis) okanye umaleko omhlophe otyebileyo kulwimi.

Kwenzeka xa kubalwa iiseli ze-CD4 ezisezantsi. Eyona ndlela ikhethwayo yonyango lonyango lwe-antiretroviral kunye nokwanda kwe-CD4 count.

Olunye usulelo lokungunda olubonwa kubantu abane-HIV lubandakanya:

• usulelo olunxibeleleneyo, olufunyanwa kwimiqolo yolusu olufumileyo njenge-groin okanye ikhwapha; zikhokelela kwintlungu kunye nokubomvu
• usulelo lwezipikili, olunokubangela iinzipho ezijiyileyo
• usulelo lwenyawo kwimimandla ejikeleze iinzipho, ezinokubangela iintlungu nokudumba
• usulelo lomngundo lobufazi

Zininzi iindlela zonyango ezinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezi zifo.

Olunye unyango lwe-thrush lubandakanya i-rinses yomlomo kunye ne-lozenges yomlomo. Usulelo lwegwele lobufazi lunokunyangwa ngamanye amayeza afana ne-boric acid kunye neoyile yomthi weti. I-oyile yomthi weti sisixhobo esithandwayo sefungus nayo.

I-Herpes zoster virus (i-shingles)

I-Herpes zoster virus yaziwa nangokuthi yi-shingles. Kubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-varicella-zoster, intsholongwane efanayo yenkukhu. Ukushwabana kunokukhokelela kurhwaphilizo kolusu kunye namadyungudyungu avela. Inokubonakala xa umntu ekudala okanye kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-HIV.

Umntu ofunyaniswe ene-shingles unokufuna ukuqaphela uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwe-HIV ukuba imeko yakhe ye-HIV ayaziwa. AmaShingles aqheleke kakhulu kwaye abukhali kubantu abaphila ne-HIV, ngakumbi abo baneentlobo ze-HIV eziphambili.

Unyango luhlala lubandakanya iirejimeni zamachiza antiviral. Nangona kunjalo, iintlungu ezinxulumene nezilonda zinokuqhubeka ixesha elide emva kokuba izilonda ziphilile.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu we-shingles banokufuna ukuxoxa ngesitofu sokugonya kunye nomboneleli wabo wezonyango. Kuba umngcipheko we-shingles unyuka kunye nobudala, isitofu sokugonya sikwacetyiswa ngamandla kubantu abadala ngaphezulu kwe-50.

Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex (HSV)

Intsholongwane engapheliyo kunye neqhubekayo ye-herpes simplex virus (HSV) yimeko echaza uGawulayo. Ubukho bayo bubonisa ukuba umntu ufikelele kwelona nqanaba liphambili le-HIV.

I-HSV ibangela izilonda ezibandayo emlonyeni nasebusweni kunye nezilonda zesini. Izilonda ezivela kwi-HSV zinzima kwaye ziyazingisa kubantu abane-HIV, enganyangekiyo.

Unyango lunokuqhutywa ngokunganyangekiyo - njengokuqhambuka kwesifo- okanye yonke imihla. Unyango lwemihla ngemihla luyaziwa njengonyango olucinezelayo.

IMolluscum contagiosum

I-Molluscum contagiosum ibonakaliswa ngamaqhuma apinki okanye anombala wenyama kulusu. Le ntsholongwane yesikhumba esosuleleka kakhulu ihlala ichaphazela abantu abane-HIV. Unyango oluphindaphindiweyo lunokufuneka ukuze ususe ngokupheleleyo la maqhuma angafunekiyo.

Amaqhuma abangelwa yimolluscum contagiosum ahlala engenabuhlungu kwaye athanda ukuvela kwi:

• ubuso
• umzimba ongasentla
• iingalo
• imilenze

Imeko inokubakho nakweliphi na inqanaba le-HIV, kodwa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusasazeka kwe-molluscum contagiosum luphawu lokuqhubela phambili kwesifo. Ihlala ibonwa xa ubalo lwe-CD4 luthi nkxu ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 nge-mm3 (ikwayindawo apho umntu eza kufunyaniswa ene-AIDS).

I-Molluscum contagiosum ayibangeli naziphi na iingxaki zonyango ezibalulekileyo, ke unyango ngokuyintloko luthambiso. Ukhetho lwangoku lonyango lubandakanya ukubanda kwamaqhuma nge-nitrogen engamanzi, ioyile yamafutha, kunye nokususwa kwelaser.

Umlomo womlomo weleukoplakia

I-leukoplakia eneenwele zomlomo sisifo esidityaniswa nentsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr (EBV). Ukuba umntu wenza isivumelwano se-EBV, siyakuhlala emzimbeni wakhe ubomi bakhe bonke. Intsholongwane ihlala ilele, kodwa inokuphinda isebenze kwakhona xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka (njengoko kunjalo kwi-HIV).

Iphawuleka ngezilonda ezingqindilili, ezimhlophe kulwimi kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba zibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwecuba okanye ukutshaya.

I-leukoplakia eneenwele zomlomo ayinazintlungu kwaye isombulula ngaphandle konyango.

Nangona unyango oluchanekileyo lwezilonda alufuneki, abantu abane-HIV banokucinga ngonyango oluqhubekayo lwe-antiretroviral nokuba. Iya kuphucula amajoni omzimba, anokunceda i-EBV ukuba ingasebenzi.

Iintsumpa

Iintsumpa kukukhula kwinqanaba eliphezulu lolusu okanye inwebu yangaphakathi. Zibangelwa yipapillomavirus yomntu (HPV).

Zihlala zifana namaqhuma anamaqhuqhuvana amnyama kuzo (awaziwa njengembewu). Ezi zimbewu zihlala zifumaneka ngasemva kwezandla, impumlo, okanye ezantsi kweenyawo.

Iintsumpa zesini, nangona kunjalo, zihlala zimnyama okanye zinombala wenyama, zineentloko ezingathi zikholifulawa. Banokubonakala emathangeni, emlonyeni, nasemqaleni kunye nakwindawo yesini.

Abantu abane-HIV basemngciphekweni owandayo we-HPV yomlomo wesibeleko kunye neyomlomo wesibeleko, ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba bangene rhoqo kwi-anal sibeleko kunye nakumlomo wesibeleko wePap smears.

Iintsumpa zinokunyangwa ngeenkqubo ezimbalwa, kubandakanya ukubanda okanye ukususwa ngotyando oluncinci. Nangona kunjalo, i-HIV yenza ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ukuba amajoni omzimba asuse iintsumpa kwaye azithintele kwixa elizayo.

Abantu abane-HIV nabangenayo i-HIV ngokufanayo bangawunciphisa umngcipheko weemfazwe zesini ngokufumana isitofu sokugonya se-HPV. Isitofu sokugonya silawulwa kuphela kubantu abaneminyaka engama-26 nangaphantsi.

Umhlaza wolusu

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yonyusa umngcipheko womntu kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, kubandakanya ezimbalwa ezichaphazela ulusu.

ICarcinoma

Abantu abane-HIV banokubakho ngaphezulu kunabantu ngokubanzi ukuba baphuhlise i-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). I-BCC kunye ne-SCC zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza wolusu eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile ukuba basongele ubomi.

Zombini iimeko zinxulunyaniswa nokukhanya kwelanga okudlulileyo kwaye zihlala zichaphazela intloko, intamo kunye neengalo.

I-Danish yabantu abaphila ne-HIV bafumene amaxabiso anyukayo e-BCC kumadoda ane-HIV abelana ngesondo namadoda (MSM). Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-SCC kuye kwaqwalaselwa nakubantu abanesibalo esiphantsi se-CD4.

Unyango lubandakanya utyando ukususa ukukhula kolusu. I-Cryosurgery inokwenziwa.

Melanoma

I-Melanoma yinto enqabileyo kodwa enokubulala umhlaza wolusu. Ihlala ibangela ii-moles ezilinganayo, ezinemibala, okanye ezikhulu kakhulu. Ukubonakala kwezi moles kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-Melanoma inokubangela iibhendi zombala phantsi kwezikhonkwane.

I-Melanoma inokuba ndlongondlongo kubantu abaphila ne-HIV, ngakumbi abo banobuso obufanelekileyo.

Njenge-carcinomas, i-melanoma nayo iyanyangwa ngotyando ukususa ukukhula okanye i-cryosurgery.

I-Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

I-Kaposi sarcoma (KS) luhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela ulungelelwaniso lwemithambo yegazi. Kubonakala njengombala omnyama omnyama, omfusa, okanye obomvu. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokuchaphazela imiphunga, indlela yokugaya ukutya, kunye nesibindi.

Ingabangela ukuphefumla okufutshane, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nokudumba kolusu.

Ezi zilonda zihlala zibonakala xa ubalo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBC) lihla kakhulu. Inkangeleko yazo ihlala iluphawu lokuba i-HIV ijike yaba nguGawulayo, kwaye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu.

I-KS iyaphendula kwi-chemotherapy, i-radiation, kunye notyando. Amayeza e-antiretroviral alinciphise kakhulu inani lamatyala e-KS amatsha kubantu abane-HIV kunye nobukhali bamatyala e-KS akhoyo.

Thetha nomboneleli wezempilo

Ukuba umntu une-HIV, uya kuba namava omnye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi meko zolusu kunye nerhashalala.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuxilongwa kumanqanaba okuqala e-HIV, ukuqala unyango kwakamsinya emva koko, kunye nokunamathela kwirejimeni yonyango kuya kunceda abantu baphephe iimpawu ezibi kakhulu. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba uninzi lolusu olunxulunyaniswa ne-HIV luya kuphucula ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeziyobisi ze-HIV

Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo e-HIV anokubangela irhashalala, kubandakanya:

• i-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NNRTIs), efana ne-efavirenz (Sustiva) okanye i-rilpivirine (Edurant)
• i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NRTIs), efana ne-abacavir (Ziagen)
• protease inhibitors, ezinje nge-ritonavir (Norvir) kunye ne-atazanavir (Reyataz)

Ngokusekwe kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokomelela kwamajoni abo omzimba, umntu unokuba ngaphezulu kwesinye sezi meko ngaxeshanye. Unyango lunokufuna ukujongana nabo ngokukodwa okanye bonke ngaxeshanye.

Ukuba kukho irhashalala kulusu, cinga ngokuxoxa ngeempawu nomboneleli wezempilo. Baza kuvavanya uhlobo lwerhashalala, baqwalasele amayeza akhoyo ngoku, kwaye bamisele isicwangciso sonyango sokukhulula iimpawu.

Funda eli nqaku ngeSpanish.