Yintoni unyango lwentetho?

Umxholo

• Kutheni ufuna unyango lokuthetha?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango lokuthetha?
• Unyango lwentetho yabantwana
• Unyango lwentetho kubantu abadala
• Ufuna ixesha elingakanani unyango?
• Ngaba luphumelela kangakanani unyango lokuthetha?
• Umgca wezantsi

Unyango lwentetho luvavanyo kunye nonyango lweengxaki zonxibelelwano kunye nokuphazamiseka kwintetho. Yenziwa zii-pathologists zolwimi oluthethayo (i-SLPs), ezihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziingcali zonyango.

Iindlela zonyango zokunyanga zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula unxibelelwano. Oku kubandakanya unyango lokuchaza, imisebenzi yokungenelela kolwimi, kunye nokunye kuxhomekeke kudidi lwentetho okanye ukuphazamiseka kolwimi.

Unyango lwentetho lunokufuneka ekuphazamiseni intetho ekhula ebuntwaneni okanye ukungakwazi ukuthetha kubantu abadala okubangelwa kukulimala okanye kukugula, njengokufa icala okanye ukulimala kwengqondo.

Kutheni ufuna unyango lokuthetha?

Kukho ukuphazamiseka kwentetho kunye nolwimi okunokunyangwa ngonyango lokuthetha.

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuchaza. Ingxaki yokucacisa kukungakwazi ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo izandi ezithile zamagama. Umntwana onale ngxaki yokuthetha unokuwisa, atshintshe, agqwethe, okanye ongeze izandi zamagama. Umzekelo wokugqwetha igama ungathi "thith" endaweni yokuthi "le".
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuqonda. Ukuphazamiseka kokuchaphazeleka kuchaphazela ukuhamba, isantya, kunye nesingqisho sentetho. Ukuthintitha kunye nokuxinana kukuphazamiseka ngokutyibilikayo. Umntu othintithayo unengxaki yokukhupha isandi kwaye unokuba nentetho evaliweyo okanye ephazanyisiweyo, okanye unokuphinda inxalenye yelizwi lonke. Umntu onengxinano uhlala ethetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye edibanisa amagama kunye.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemilinganiselo. Ingxaki yesandi yenzeka xa ukuvaleka okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya rhoqo ngeempumlo nangomlomo kuguqula ukungcangcazela okunoxanduva lomgangatho welizwi. Inokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba ivelufa ye velharyngeal ayivaleki kakuhle. Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa nenkalakahla ecandekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kunye nokudumba kweetoni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokufumana. Umntu onengxaki yolwimi olusamkelayo unengxaki yokuqonda kunye nokulungisa into ethethwa ngabanye. Oku kunokukwenza ubonakale ungenamdla xa umntu ethetha, unengxaki yokulandela umkhombandlela, okanye isigama esilinganiselweyo. Ezinye iingxaki zolwimi, i-autism, ilahleko yokuva, kunye nokulimala entloko kungakhokelela kukuphazamiseka kolwimi.
• Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi kukuchaza okanye ukuhambisa ulwazi. Ukuba unengxaki yokubonisa, unokuba nengxaki yokwenza izivakalisi ezichanekileyo, njengokusebenzisa ixesha lesenzi elingalunganga. Inxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kophuhliso, njenge-Down syndrome kunye nokuva. Inokubangelwa kukwenzakala entloko okanye imeko yonyango.
• Ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano kwengqondo. Kunzima ukunxibelelana ngenxa yokwenzakala kwinxalenye yengqondo elawula amandla akho okucinga kubhekiswa kuko njengengqondo-kunxibelelwano lokuphazamiseka. Inokubangela imiba yememori, ukusombulula iingxaki, kunye nobunzima bokuthetha, okanye ukumamela. Ingabangelwa ziingxaki zebhayiloji, ukukhula kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga, iimeko ezithile zemithambo-luvo, ukonzakala kwengqondo, okanye ukubetha.
• UAphasia. Esi sisifo sonxibelelwano esifunyenwe sichaphazela ukukwazi komntu ukuthetha nokuqonda abanye. Ikwachaphazela ukukwazi komntu ukufunda nokubhala. Ukubethwa ngoyena nobangela uqhelekileyo we-aphasia, nangona ezinye iingxaki zengqondo zinokubangela.
• IDysarthria. Le meko ibonakaliswa yintetho ecothayo okanye engacacanga kakuhle ngenxa yobuthathaka okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula izihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuthetha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous kunye neemeko ezibangela ukukhubazeka kobuso okanye ubuthathaka bomqala nolwimi, njenge-multiple sclerosis (MS), i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), kunye ne-stroke.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango lokuthetha?

Unyango lwentetho luhlala luqala ngovavanyo olwenziwe yi-SLP oluya kuchonga uhlobo lwengxaki yokunxibelelana kunye neyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuyinyanga.

Unyango lwentetho yabantwana

Kumntwana wakho, unyango lwentetho lunokwenzeka kwigumbi lokufundela okanye kwiqela elincinci, okanye kumntu ngamnye, kuxhomekeke kwingxaki yokuthetha. Ukuzilolonga ngokuthetha kunye nemisebenzi iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kukuphazamiseka komntwana, ubudala, kunye neemfuno. Ngexesha lonyango lokuthetha lwabantwana, i-SLP inokuthi:

• basebenzisana ngokuthetha nokudlala, nangokusebenzisa iincwadi, imifanekiso yezinye izinto njengenxalenye yongenelelo lolwimi ukunceda ukukhuthaza ukukhula kolwimi
• Umzekelo wezandi ezichanekileyo kunye namalungu afanelekileyo ngexesha lokudlala elifanelekileyo ukufundisa umntwana ukwenza izandi ezithile
• ukubonelela ngeendlela kunye nomsebenzi wasekhaya womntwana kunye nomzali okanye umnonopheli ngendlela yokwenza unyango kwintetho ekhaya

Unyango lwentetho kubantu abadala

Unyango lwentetho kubantu abadala luqala ngovavanyo lokufumanisa iimfuno zakho kunye nonyango olungcono. Ukuzilolonga ngentetho kubantu abadala kunokukunceda ngentetho, ulwimi, kunye nonxibelelwano lokuqonda.

Unyango lunokubandakanya ukuphinda ufundise umsebenzi wokuginya ukuba wenzakele okanye imeko yezonyango, enjengesifo sikaParkinson okanye umhlaza womlomo ubangele ubunzima bokuginya.

Ukuzivocavoca kunokubandakanya:

• ukusombulula ingxaki, inkumbulo, kunye nolungelelwaniso, kunye neminye imisebenzi ejolise ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano lwengqondo
• amaqhinga okuncokola ukuphucula unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni
• imithambo yokuphefumla yengxolo
• ukuzilolonga ukomeleza izihlunu zomlomo

Zininzi izibonelelo ezikhoyo ukuba ujonge ukuzama ukuzivocavoca intetho yasekhaya, kubandakanya:

• iinkqubo zonyango zokuthetha
• Ukuphuhliswa kolwimi imidlalo kunye nezinto zokudlala, ezinje ngeflip card kunye noonotsheluza
• iincwadi zomsebenzi

Ufuna ixesha elingakanani unyango?

Ubungakanani bexesha umntu afuna unyango lwentetho luxhomekeka kwizinto ezimbalwa, kubandakanya:

• ubudala babo
• Uhlobo kunye nobukrakra bokuphazamiseka kwentetho
• unyango rhoqo
• imeko yezonyango
• unyango lwemeko yonyango engaphantsi

Ezinye iingxaki zokuthetha ziqala ebuntwaneni kwaye ziphucuka ngokuguga, ngelixa ezinye ziqhubeka nokuba mdala kwaye zifuna unyango lwexesha elide kunye nolondolozo.

Ukuphazamiseka kunxibelelwano okubangelwa kukufa icala okanye enye imeko yonyango kunokuphucuka njengonyango kwaye imeko iyaphucuka.

Ngaba luphumelela kangakanani unyango lokuthetha?

Inqanaba lempumelelo kunyango lwentetho liyahluka phakathi kwesifo esinyangwayo kunye namaqela eminyaka. Xa uqala ukuthetha unyango lunokuba nefuthe kwisiphumo.

Unyango lokuthetha kwabantwana abancinci kuye kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu xa beqala kwangethuba kwaye beziqhelisa ekhaya ngokubandakanyeka komzali okanye umntu okhathalelayo.

Umgca wezantsi

Unyango lwentetho lunokunyanga uluhlu olubanzi lokuthetha kunye nokulibaziseka kolwimi kunye nokuphazamiseka kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko, unyango lwentetho lunokuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nokunyusa ukuzithemba.