Yintoni i-Spinal Stroke?

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zestrinal stroke?
• Yintoni ebangela ukubethwa ngumqolo?
• Ukubetha komqolo ebantwaneni
• Ukuchonga isifo somqolo
• Unyango lwe-spinal stroke lonyango njani?
• Iingxaki zesifo somqolo
• Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nembonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-stroke ye-spinal, ebizwa ngokuba yi-spinal cord stroke, iyenzeka xa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwintambo yomgogodla kunqunyulwa. Intambo yomqolo iyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS), ekwabandakanya nengqondo. Xa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kunqunyulwa, intambo yomgogodla ayikwazi ukufumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo. Izicubu zomqolo womqolo zinokonakala kwaye azikwazi ukuthumela iimpembelelo zemithambo-luvo (imiyalezo) kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Ezi ntshukumisa zemithambo-luvo zibalulekile kulawulo lwemisebenzi yomzimba, njengokuhambisa iingalo nemilenze, kunye nokuvumela amalungu akho ukuba asebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Uninzi lweemivumbo yomqolo zibangelwa kukuvaleka kwimithambo yegazi ebonelela ngegazi kumqolo, njengegazi. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-ischemic spinal strokes. Inani elincinci lemivimbo yomqolo ibangelwa ligazi. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yimivumbo yomqolo ekopha.

Ukwaphuka komqolo kwahlukile kunesifo esichaphazela ingqondo. Kwistroke sobuchopho, ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwingqondo kuyanqunyulwa. Imivumbo yomqolo ayixhaphakanga kangako kunaleyo ichaphazela ingqondo, ukubalwa kwayo kungaphantsi kweepesenti ezimbini kuyo yonke imivumbo.

Zithini iimpawu zestrinal stroke?

Iimpawu zesifo somqolo zixhomekeke kwiliphi icandelo lomqolo ochaphazelekayo kunye nokuba ungakanani umonakalo owenziwe kwintambo yomqolo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ziya kuvela ngequbuliso, kodwa zinokuza ngeeyure emva kokubetha. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ngequbuliso kwaye eqatha intamo okanye umqolo obuhlungu
• ubuthathaka bemisipha emilenzeni
• iingxaki zokulawula isisu kunye nesinyi (ukungakwazi ukubamba)
• uziva ngathi kukho ibhendi exineneyo ejikeleze i-torso
• ukudumba kwezihlunu
• ukuba ndindisholo
• ukuva ukuva
• ukukhubazeka
• ukungakwazi ukuva ubushushu okanye ukubanda

Oku kwahlukile kwisibetho sobuchopho, esikhokelela kwinto:

• kunzima ukuthetha
• iingxaki zombono
• ukudideka
• isiyezi
• intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso

Yintoni ebangela ukubethwa ngumqolo?

Ukubetha kwethambo lomqolo kubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kunikezelo lwegazi kumqolo. Uninzi lwexesha, oku kusisiphumo sokuncipha kwemithambo (yemithambo yegazi) ebonelela ngegazi kumthambo womqolo. Ukucuthwa kwemithambo kuthiwa yi-atherosclerosis. I-atherosclerosis ibangelwa kukuqokelelwa kwethala.

Imithambo yegazi iyancipha kwaye ibuthathaka njengoko sikhula. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanezi meko zilandelayo basengozini ephezulu yokuba nemithambo emxinwa okanye ebuthathaka:

• igazi elonyukayo
• cholesterol ephezulu
• isifo sentliziyo
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• isifo seswekile

Abantu abatshayayo, abatya kakhulu utywala, okanye abangazilolongi rhoqo nabo basemngciphekweni.

Ukubetha kwethambo lomqolo kunokubangelwa xa iigazi zegazi zigcina kwenye yeemithambo ezihambisa intambo yomqolo. Ihlwili legazi lingenza naphina emzimbeni kwaye lihambe kwigazi de lide lingene kumthambo oncitshisiweyo ngenxa yepleyiti. Oku kubhekiswa kuko njengesibetho se-ischemic.

Ipesenti encinci yokubetha komqolo kwenzeka xa omnye wemithambo yegazi ehambisa intambo yomqolo uvuleka kwaye uqala ukopha. Unobangela wolu hlobo lwesifo somqolo, esibizwa ngokuba sisibetho esopha, luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye i-aneurysm eqhumayo. I-aneurysm sisithonga esidongeni semithambo.

Ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo, ukubethwa ngumqolo kunokuba yingxaki kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• amathumba, kubandakanya i-chordomas yomqolo
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo yomqolo
• ukwenzakala, okufana nenxeba lokudutyulwa
• isifo sephepha lomqolo okanye olunye usulelo olujikeleze umqolo, njengethumba
• uxinzelelo lwentambo yomqolo
• Isifo se-cauda equine syndrome (CES)
• ukuhlinzwa esiswini okanye kwentliziyo

Ukubetha komqolo ebantwaneni

Ukubethwa ngumqolo emntwaneni kunqabile kakhulu. Unobangela wesiphene somnqonqo ebantwaneni wahlukile kuleyo yabantu abadala. Uninzi lwexesha, ukubetha komqolo emntwaneni kubangelwa kukwenzakala emqolo, okanye imeko yokuzalwa ebangela iingxaki kwimithambo yegazi okanye ichaphazele ukujiya kwegazi. Iimeko zokuzalwa ezinokubangela ukubetha komqolo ebantwaneni kubandakanya:

• i-cavernous malformations, imeko ebangela amaqela amancinci angaqhelekanga, andise imithambo yegazi ethi yophe amaxesha ngamaxesha
• i-arteriovenous malformations, i-tangle engaqhelekanga yemikhumbi kwingqondo okanye kumqolo womqolo
• isifo se-moyamoya, imeko enqabileyo apho imithambo ethile esezantsi kwengqondo icinezelekile
• i-vasculitis (ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi)
• ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki
• ukungabikho kwe-vitamin K
• usulelo, njenge-bacterial meningitis
• I-sickle cell anemia
• i-umbilical artery catheter kwimveku
• ingxaki yokuhlinzwa kwentliziyo

Kwezinye iimeko, unobangela wesibetho somqolo emntwaneni awaziwa.

Ukuchonga isifo somqolo

Esibhedlele, ugqirha uya kubuza malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kwaye enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho uya kurhanela ingxaki ngentambo yomqolo. Banokufuna ukulawula ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zibeke uxinzelelo kumqolo womqolo, njengediski esikiweyo, ithumba, okanye ithumba.

Ukufumanisa isifo somqolo, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi athathe iskena sokucinga ngemagneti, esibizwa ngokuba yi-MRI. Olu hlobo lokuskena ludala imifanekiso yomqolo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kune-X-ray.

Unyango lwe-spinal stroke lonyango njani?

Unyango lujolise ekunyangeni unobangela wesifo somqolo kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu, umzekelo:

• Ukunyanga i-clot yegazi, unokumiselwa amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-antiplatelet kunye ne-anticoagulant drug, njenge-aspirin kunye ne-warfarin (Coumadin). La machiza anciphisa ithuba lokuvela kwelinye ihlwili.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu unokumiselwa amayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Kwi-cholesterol ephezulu unokumiselwa amayeza ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, njenge-statin.
• Ukuba ukhubazekile okanye ulahlekelwe yimvakalelo kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba wakho, unokufuna unyango lwasemzimbeni kunye nolomsebenzi ukugcina ukusebenza kwezihlunu zakho.
• Ukuba une-bladder incontinence, kungafuneka usebenzise icatheter yomchamo.
• Ukuba ukubetha kwethambo lomqolo kubangelwe lithumba, ii-corticosteroids zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba. Ithumba liya kususwa ngotyando.

Ukuba uyatshaya, uya kucelwa ukuba uyeke. Ukuphucula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol, kuya kufuneka utye ukutya okunempilo kunye nokutya okunezithelo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.

Iingxaki zesifo somqolo

Iingxaki zixhomekeke kwiliphi icandelo lomqolo elichaphazelekayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukunikezelwa kwegazi ngaphambili kwintambo yomgogodla kuncitshisiwe, imilenze yakho inokukhubazeka ngokusisigxina.

Ezinye iingxaki zibandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukukhubazeka ngokusisigxina
• isisu kunye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo
• iintlungu zemisipha, zokudibana, okanye zemithambo-luvo
• izilonda zoxinzelelo ngenxa yokulahleka kwemvakalelo kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba
• iingxaki zethoni yezihlunu, ezinje ngokuxinana (ukuqina okungalawulwayo kwimisipha) okanye ukungabikho kwethoni yemisipha (i-flaccidity)
• ukudakumba

Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nembonakalo

Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nokujonga ngokubanzi kuxhomekeke ekubeni ungakanani na umgudu womqolo ochaphazelekayo kunye nempilo yakho iyonke, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuyise ngokupheleleyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Abantu abaninzi abayi kuba nakho ukuhamba okwethutyana emva kokubetha ngomqolo kwaye kuya kufuneka basebenzise i-catheter yomchamo.

Kwisifundo esinye sabantu ababenesifo sokuqaqanjelwa ngumqolo, iipesenti ezingama-40 babekwazi ukuzihambela bodwa emva kwexesha elilandelwayo leminyaka emi-4.5, iipesenti ezingama-30 zazinokuhamba ngoncedo lokuhamba, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-20 zazihamba ngesitulo esinamavili. Kwangokunjalo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zabantu baphinde bafumana umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wesinyi, malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 babeneengxaki zokungabambeki, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-20 kusafuneka zisebenzise i-catheter yomchamo.