Yonke into omele uyazi NgeSigaba 2 seZintso

Umxholo

• Ukuchonga inqanaba lesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo
• Inqanaba 2 iimpawu zesifo sezintso
• Unobangela wenqanaba 2 lesifo sezintso
• Uza kubona nini ugqirha onesifo se-2 sezintso
• Unyango lwesigaba sesibini sezintso
• Isigaba 2 ukutya kwesifo sezintso
• Unyango lwasekhaya
• Unyango
• Ukuhlala nesigaba 2 sesifo sezintso
• Ngaba inqanaba 2 lesifo sezintso sinokubuyiselwa umva?
• Isigaba 2 sezintso isifo sokuphila
• Yise kude

Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-CKD, luhlobo lomonakalo wexesha elide kwizintso. Ibonakaliswa ngumonakalo osisigxina oqhubeka kwisikali sezigaba ezintlanu.

Inqanaba 1 lithetha ukuba unexabiso elincinci lomonakalo wezintso, ngelixa isigaba 5 (isigaba sokuphela) kuthetha ukuba ungene ukusilela kwezintso. Ukuxilongwa kwinqanaba le-2 CKD kuthetha ukuba unomonakalo omncinci.

Injongo yokuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kweCKD kukumisa ukuqhubela phambili komonakalo wezintso. Ngelixa ungenakuguqula umonakalo nakweliphi na inqanaba, ukuba nenqanaba 2 CKD kuthetha ukuba usenalo ithuba lokuwunqanda ungabi mbi.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zeli nqanaba lesifo sezintso, kunye namanyathelo onokuwathatha ngoku ukukunceda ukuthintela imeko yakho ukuba ingagqithi kwinqanaba lesi-2.

Ukuchonga inqanaba lesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo

Ukufumanisa isifo sezintso, ugqirha uya kuthatha uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiso wokuhluza i-glomerular (eGFR). Oku kulinganisa isixa se-creatine, i-amino acid, egazini lakho, enokuthi ichaze ukuba izintso zakho zihluza inkunkuma.

Inqanaba lokudala eliphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga lithetha ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

Ukufundwa kwe-EGFR ezingama-90 okanye ngaphezulu zenzeka kwinqanaba le-1 CKD, apho kukho umonakalo omkhulu wezintso. Ukusilela kwezintso kubonwa kufundo lwe-15 okanye ngezantsi. Ngenqanaba 2, ukufundwa kwakho kwe-eGFR kuya kuwa phakathi kwama-60 nama-89.

Nokuba isifo sakho sezintso sihlelwa liphi inqanaba, injongo kukuphucula ukusebenza kwezintso ngokubanzi kunye nokukhusela umonakalo ongaphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-eGFR kunokuba sisalathiso sokuba uyasebenza na unyango lwakho. Ukuba uqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lesi-3, ukufundwa kwe-eGFR kuya kulinganisa phakathi kwama-30 nama-59.

Inqanaba 2 iimpawu zesifo sezintso

Ukufundwa kwe-EGFR kwinqanaba 2 kusaqwalaselwe ngaphakathi kuluhlu "lomsebenzi oqhelekileyo" wezintso, kungasenzima ke ukuxilonga olu hlobo lwesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo.

Ukuba uphakamise amanqanaba e-eGFR, unokuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-creatinine kumchamo wakho ukuba unokonakala kwezintso.

Inqanaba lesi-2 i-CKD ubukhulu becala ayinasifo, kwaye uninzi lweempawu ezibonakalayo azibonakali de imeko yakho iqhubele phambili ukuya kwinqanaba lesithathu.

Iimpawu ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• Umchamo omnyama onokuthi ube phakathi kombala otyheli, obomvu, kunye no-orenji
• ukonyuka okanye ukuncipha kokuchama
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukugcinwa kwamanzi (i-edema)
• iintlungu kumqolo osezantsi
• izihlunu zobunzima ebusuku
• ukuphuthelwa
• ulusu olomileyo okanye olurhawuzayo

Unobangela wenqanaba 2 lesifo sezintso

Isifo sezintso ngokwaso sibangelwa zizinto ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwezintso, zikhokelela kumonakalo kwizintso. Xa la malungu abalulekileyo engasebenzi kakuhle, awanako ukususa inkunkuma egazini kwaye avelise imveliso efanelekileyo yomchamo.

I-CKD ayifumaneki ngokwesiqhelo kwinqanaba 1 kuba kukho umonakalo omncinci kangangokuba kungabikho zimpawu zaneleyo zokuyifumana. Inqanaba loku-1 linokutshintsha liye kwinqanaba 2 xa kukho ukwehla kokusebenza okanye ukonakala komzimba okunokwenzeka.

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo besifo sezintso kubandakanya:

• igazi elonyukayo
• isifo seswekile
• usulelo oluphindaphindiweyo lomchamo
• Imbali yamatye ezintso
• amathumba okanye amaqhakuva kwizintso nakwindawo ezingqongileyo
• ilupus

Okukhona ezi meko zingasentla zinganyangwa, kokukhona unokuzinyamekela izintso zakho.

Uza kubona nini ugqirha onesifo se-2 sezintso

Kuba isifo sezintso ezinobulali asinazo iimpawu ezininzi ezibonakalayo njengezigaba eziphambili, awunakuqonda ukuba unenqanaba lesibini le-CKD de ube ngumzimba wakho wonyaka.

Umyalezo obalulekileyo apha kukuba abantu abadala kufuneka babe nobudlelwane obuqhubekayo kunye nonyango lokuqala. Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwakho oluqhelekileyo, kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho ukuba unazo naziphi na iimpawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla.

Ugqirha uya kuthi abeke esweni impilo yakho yezintso ngononophelo ukuba unayo nayiphi na imeko yomngcipheko okanye imbali yosapho yesifo sezintso.

Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zegazi kunye nomchamo, ugqirha angenza iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje nge-renal ultrasound. Ezi mvavanyo ziya kunceda ukujonga ngcono kwizintso zakho ukuvavanya ubungakanani bawo nawuphi na umonakalo.

Unyango lwesigaba sesibini sezintso

Nje ukuba umonakalo wezintso uvele, awunakuguqula. Nangona kunjalo, wena unako thintela ukuqhubela phambili. Oku kubandakanya indibaniselwano yotshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye namayeza okunceda ukunyanga oonobangela besigaba 2 CKD.

Isigaba 2 ukutya kwesifo sezintso

Ngelixa kungekho sondlo sinye esikhoyo esinokuthi "sinyange" inqanaba le-2 CKD, kugxila kukutya okufanelekileyo kunye nokuphepha abanye kunokunceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kwezintso.

Olunye lokutya okona kubi kwizintso zakho lubandakanya:

• kusetyenzwe, kwibhokisi, kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo
• ukutya okuqulethe isixa esikhulu sesodiyam
• Amafutha azele
• Ndihambise ukutya

Ugqirha unokuphinda akucebise ukuba unciphise imithombo yeprotheni yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ukuba utya isixa esigqithisileyo. Iiprotheyini ezininzi zinzima kwizintso.

Kwinqanaba lesi-2 i-CKD, kusenokungafuneki ukuba ulandele ezinye zezithintelo ezicetyiswayo kwizifo zezintso eziphambili, njengokuthintela i-potassium.

Endaweni yoko, ujoliso lwakho kufuneka lube kukugcina ukutya okutsha, ukutya okugcweleyo okuvela kule mithombo ilandelayo:

• amazimba
• iimbotyi nemidumba
• Iinkukhu ezibhityileyo
• intlanzi
• imifuno kunye neziqhamo
• iioyile ezisekwe kwizityalo

Unyango lwasekhaya

Unyango lwasekhaya olulandelayo lunokuxhasa ukutya okusempilweni kwinqanaba lesibini lolawulo lweCKD:

• ukuthatha izongezo zentsimbi ukunyanga i-anemia kunye nokuphucula ukudinwa
• ukusela amanzi amaninzi
• ukutya ukutya okuncinci imini yonke
• ukuziqhelanisa nolawulo loxinzelelo
• ukwenza imithambo yemihla ngemihla

Unyango

Injongo yamayeza kwinqanaba le-2 CKD kukunyanga iimeko ezingaphantsi ezinokuthi zibe negalelo ekonakaleni kwezintso.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kuya kufuneka ujonge i-glucose yakho ngononophelo.

I-Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) okanye i-angiotensin eguqula i-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors inokunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olubangela i-CKD.

Ukuhlala nesigaba 2 sesifo sezintso

Ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sezintso kunokuziva kungumsebenzi onzima. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba ukhetho oluncinci olwenzayo mihla le lunokuba nefuthe elilelona likhulu kwimpilo yakho yezintso. Ungaqala ngo:

• ukuyeka ukutshaya (okusoloko kunzima, kodwa ugqirha unokwenza isicwangciso sokuyeka esilungele wena)
• ukusika utywala (ugqirha unokunceda nakule)
• ukuziqhelanisa neendlela zokulawula uxinzelelo, ezinjengeyoga kunye nokucamngca
• umthambo ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30 yonke imihla
• ukuhlala ngamanzi

Ngaba inqanaba 2 lesifo sezintso sinokubuyiselwa umva?

Ngamaxesha athile, isifo sezintso sinokufunyanwa ukuba sibangelwe yingxaki yexeshana, enje ngamayeza okanye ukuvaleka. Xa unobangela uchongiwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi wezintso unokuphucula ngonyango.

Akukho lunyango lwesifo sezintso esikhokelele kumonakalo osisigxina, kubandakanya iimeko ezincinci ezifunyaniswe njengenqanaba lesi-2. Nangona kunjalo, ungathatha amanyathelo ngoku ukunqanda ukuqhubela phambili. Kuyenzeka ukuba ube ne-2 CKD yenqanaba kwaye uyithintele ekuqhubekeni kwinqanaba le-3.

Isigaba 2 sezintso isifo sokuphila

Abantu abakwinqanaba lesi-2 isifo sezintso basathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba banokusebenza kakuhle kwezintso. Yiyo loo nto isibhengezo sisengcono kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba aphezulu e-CKD.

Injongo ke kukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili. Njengoko i-CKD iya isiba mandundu, inokubangela nobungozi obunokusongela ubomi, njengesifo sentliziyo.

Yise kude

Inqanaba 2 CKD ithathwa njengohlobo lwesifo sezintso, kwaye ngekhe uqaphele naziphi na iimpawu kwaphela. Ukanti oku kunokwenza ukuba eli nqanaba kube nzima ukulufumanisa kwaye linyange.

Njengomthetho wesithupha, uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo rhoqo ukuba unazo naziphi na iimeko ezisisiseko okanye imbali yosapho eyonyusa umngcipheko we-CKD.

Nje ukuba ufumaniswe ukuba une-CKD, ukuyeka ukuqhubeka kokulimala kwezintso kuxhomekeke kutshintsho lwendlela yokuphila. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela onokuthi uqalise ngayo ngokutya kunye nokuzilolonga kwimeko yakho.