Amanqanaba eCancer Colon

Umxholo

• Uhlaselwa njani umhlaza wekolon
• Ukwahlula isigaba somhlaza
• Inqanaba 0
• Inqanaba 1
• Inqanaba 2
• Inqanaba 3
• Inqanaba 4
• Inqanaba eliphantsi ngokuchasene nenqanaba eliphezulu
• Iimpawu zomhlaza wekolon
• Uvavanyo lokumisela isigaba somhlaza wekolon
• Uphathwa njani umhlaza wekolon kwinqanaba ngalinye
• Ukuthatha

Uhlaselwa njani umhlaza wekolon

Ukuba ufumene ukuba unomdlavuza wekolon (owaziwa nangokuthi ngumhlaza we-colorectal cancer), enye yezinto zokuqala ugqirha uya kufuna ukugqiba isigaba somhlaza wakho.

Inqanaba libhekisa kubungakanani bomhlaza kunye nokuba sele usasazeke kangakanani. Ukuthatha umhlaza wekolon kubalulekile ukumisela eyona ndlela yonyango ilungileyo.

Umhlaza wekolon uhleliwe ngokusekwe kwinkqubo esekwe yiAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer ebizwa ngokuba yi-TNM staging system.

Inkqubo ithathela ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo:

• Ithumba lokuqala (T). I-tumor yokuqala ibhekisela ekubeni lukhulu kangakanani i-tumor yokuqala kwaye nokuba umhlaza ukhule waya eludongeni lwekholoni okanye usasazeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
• I-lymph nodes zengingqi (N). Izidumbu zemimandla zibhekisa ekubeni iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi.
• Imastastase ekude (M): Imastastase ekude ibhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka kwikholoni uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba, anje ngemiphunga okanye isibindi.

Ukwahlula isigaba somhlaza

Kuluhlu ngalunye, esi sifo sihlelwa ngokungaphaya kwaye sinikwe inani okanye ileta ebonisa ubungakanani besifo. Ezi zabelo zisekwe kulwakhiwo lwekholoni, kunye nokuba umhlaza sele ukhule kangakanani kubume bodonga lwekholoni.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wekolon zezi zilandelayo:

Inqanaba 0

Eli lelona nqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza wekolon kwaye lithetha ukuba alikhulanga ngaphaya kwe-mucosa, okanye ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwekholoni.

Inqanaba 1

Inqanaba 1 Umhlaza wekolon ubonakalisa ukuba umhlaza ukhule waya ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwikholon, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucosa, ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo lekholon, elibizwa ngokuba yi-submucosa. Ayisasazekanga kwii-lymph nodes.

Inqanaba 2

Kwinqanaba lesi-2 umhlaza wekolon, esi sifo sihambele phambili kancinci kunenqanaba 1 kwaye sikhule ngaphaya kwe-mucosa kunye ne-submucosa yekolon.

Isigaba 2 somhlaza wekolon uhlelwa ngokuqhubekayo njengenqanaba 2A, 2B, okanye 2C:

• 2A inqanaba. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node okanye izicubu ezikufutshane. Ifikelele kumaleko angaphandle ekholoni kodwa ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo.
• Inqanaba 2B. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node, kodwa ukhulile nangona umaleko ongaphandle wekholoni kunye ne-visceral peritoneum. Lo ngumlenze ogcina amalungu omzimba endaweni.
• Inqanaba le-2C. Umhlaza awufumaneki kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi, kodwa ukongeza ekukhuleni komaleko ongaphandle wekolon, ukhule waya kwizitho ezikufuphi okanye izakhiwo.

Inqanaba 3

Inqanaba 3 Umhlaza wekolon uhlelwa njengenqanaba 3A, 3B, kunye 3C:

• 3A inqanaba. I-tumor ikhule ukuya okanye ngokusebenzisa i-muscular lay of the colon kwaye ifunyenwe kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane. Ayisasazekanga kwiindawo ezikude okanye kwizitho.
• 3B isigaba. Ithumba likhule ngakwicala elingaphandle lekholoni kwaye lingena kwi-visceral peritoneum okanye lingene kwamanye amalungu okanye izakhiwo, kwaye lifumaneka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-3 ye-lymph node. Okanye ithumba alikho kumaleko angaphandle kodonga lwekholoni kodwa lifumaneka kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane ezi-4 okanye nangaphezulu.
• 3C kwinqanaba. I-tumor ikhule ngaphaya kweengqimba zemisipha kwaye umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-4 okanye nangaphezulu kwee-lymph node, kodwa hayi kwiindawo ezikude.

Inqanaba 4

Isigaba 4 somhlaza wekolon uhlelwe ngokweendidi ezimbini, isigaba 4A kunye ne-4B:

• 4A isigaba. Eli nqanaba libonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwindawo enye ekude, njengesibindi okanye imiphunga.
• Inqanaba le-4B. Eli nqanaba lihambele phambili lomhlaza wekolon libonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu, ezinje ngemiphunga kunye nesibindi.

Inqanaba eliphantsi ngokuchasene nenqanaba eliphezulu

Ukongeza kwisiteji, umhlaza wekolon ukwahlelwa njengodidi olusezantsi okanye kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Xa ugqirha wezidumbu evavanya iiseli zomhlaza phantsi kwemicroscope, babela inombolo ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-4 ngokusekwe kwindlela iiseli ezibukeka ngayo njengeeseli ezisempilweni.

Ukuphakama kwenqanaba, kokukhona iiseli zingaqhelekanga ngakumbi. Nangona inokwahluka, umhlaza okumgangatho ophantsi uhlala ukhula kancinci kunomhlaza okumgangatho ophezulu. Ukuxela kukwaqwalaselwa ngcono kubantu abanomhlaza ophantsi webakala lomhlaza.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wekolon

Ngexesha lokuqala kwamanqanaba omhlaza wekolon, kuhlala kungekho zimpawu okanye zimpawu. Kumanqanaba akutshanje, iimpawu zihlala zitshintsha ngokusekwe kubungakanani beethumba kunye nendawo kwindawo yamathumbu akho amakhulu.

Ezi mpawu zinokubandakanya:

• utshintsho kwimikhwa yamathumbu
• igazi kwisitulo okanye ukuphuma kwegazi
• intlungu zesisu
• ukudinwa
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga

Uvavanyo lokumisela isigaba somhlaza wekolon

Kukho iindlela ezi-4 zokuvavanywa komhlaza ongaqhelekanga:

• uvavanyo lwe-fecal immunochemical (FIT) minyaka le
• LUNGELA yonke iminyaka emi-2
• sigmoidoscopy
• ikholoscopy

Ngokwe-American College of Physicians, i-colonoscopy luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wekolon. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngasizathu sithile, awunguye umgqatswa ofanelekileyo wekholonoscopy, bacebisa zombini uvavanyo lwe-FIT kunye nesigmoidoscopy.

Ukuba emva kokuthatha uvavanyo lwe-FIT okanye i-sigmoidoscopy kuvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lomhlaza obonakalayo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kuphakamisa ikholonoscopy ukuqinisekisa isifo sakho.

I-colonoscopy luvavanyo lokuhlola apho ugqirha esebenzisa ityhubhu ende, emxinwa enekhamera encinci eqhotyoshelwe ukujonga ngaphakathi kwikholoni yakho.

Ukuba kufunyenwe umhlaza wekolon, kuvavanyo olongezelelekileyo kuyafuneka ukumisela ubungakanani besisu kunye nokuba sele sinwenwele ngaphaya kwekholoni.

Uvavanyo lokuchonga olwenziwe lunokubandakanya ukubonwa kwesisu, isibindi, nesifuba nge-CT scan, i-X-ray, okanye i-MRI scan.

Kukho iimeko apho isigaba sesifo singenakugqitywa ngokupheleleyo de emva kokuba kwenziwe utyando lwekholoni. Emva kotyando, ugqirha wezidumbu unokuvavanya ithumba lokuqala kunye ne-lymph node ezisusiweyo, ezinceda ekumiseleni inqanaba lesifo.

Uphathwa njani umhlaza wekolon kwinqanaba ngalinye

Unyango olucetyiswayo kumhlaza wekolon luxhomekeke ikakhulu kwinqanaba lesifo. Gcina ukhumbula, unyango luyakuthathela ingqalelo inqanaba lomhlaza, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ngokutsho kwe-American Cancer Society, ngokuqhelekileyo isigaba ngasinye somhlaza wekolon siphathwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Inqanaba 0. Ugqirha luhlala lunyango kuphela olufunekayo kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza wekolon.
• Inqanaba 1. Utyando lodwa luyacetyiswa kwinqanaba 1 lomhlaza wekolon. Inkqubo esetyenzisiweyo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobungakanani bethumba.
• Inqanaba 2. Utyando luyacetyiswa ukuba lususe icandelo lomhlaza wekholoni kunye ne-lymph node ezikufutshane. I-Chemotherapy inokucetyiswa kwiimeko ezithile, ngokungathi umhlaza uthathwa njengophezulu okanye ukuba kukho izinto ezinobungozi obuphezulu.
• Inqanaba 3. Unyango lubandakanya utyando lokususa ithumba kunye ne-lymph node elandelwa yichemotherapy. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango ngemitha lunokucetyiswa.
• Inqanaba 4. Unyango lunokubandakanya utyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango ekujoliswe kulo okanye unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokucetyiswa.

Ukuthatha

Isigaba somhlaza wekolon siya kuchaphazela umbono wakho. Abantu abafunyaniswe benesigaba 1 kunye 2 somhlaza wekolon ngokubanzi banamazinga aphezulu okusinda.

Khumbula, inqanaba lomhlaza wekolon ayisiyiyo kuphela into emisela amazinga okusinda. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba uninzi lwezinto ziya kuyichaphazela imbonakalo yakho, kubandakanya nendlela ophendula ngayo kunyango, ubudala bakho, inqanaba lakho lomhlaza, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke ngexesha lokuchongwa.