Ukuvavanywa komchamo kwisifo seswekile: Amanqanaba eglucose kunye neeetoni

Umxholo

• Ngubani omele kuvavanywe umchamo kwisifo seswekile?
• Amanqanaba eglucose
• Iiketoni
• Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lomchamo?
• Yintoni onokuyilindela kuvavanyo lomchamo?
• Kwiofisi kagqirha
• Imichilo yovavanyo lwasekhaya
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zam zovavanyo lomchamo?
• Zithini iziphumo zam zovavanyo lomchamo we-urine?
• Incinci ukuya kumodareyitha
• Moderate ukuya enkulu
• Inkulu kakhulu
• Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lomchamo kwisifo seswekile?

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Luthini uvavanyo lomchamo kwisifo seswekile?

Isifo seswekile yimeko ephawulwa ngamanqanaba eswekile yegazi aphezulu. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokungakwazi komzimba ukwenza nayiphi na okanye ngokwaneleyo i-insulin, ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo, okanye zombini.

I-insulin yihomoni enceda iiseli zomzimba wakho ukuba zifunxe iswekile yegazi ukuze zenze amandla. I-insulin iveliswa yipancreas ngesixa esikhulu emva kokuba utye ukutya.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zesifo seswekile:

• uhlobo lweswekile 1
• uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile

Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile lwenzeka xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela kwaye etshabalalisa iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas. Olu hlobo luhlala lufunyaniswa ebuntwaneni kwaye lukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile lwenzeka xa iiseli zingasakwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo. Eli lizwe libizwa ngokuba kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin. Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile luyakhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye lunxulunyaniswa nokutyeba kakhulu kunye nokuhlala phantsi.

Iswekile ibangela iswekile yegazi, okanye iswekile esegazini, ukuba inyuke iye kumazinga aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga. Kuhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile, umzimba unokuqalisa ukutshisa amanqatha ukuze amandla ngenxa yokuba iiseli azifumani glucose bayifunayo. Xa oku kusenzeka, umzimba uvelisa amachiza abizwa ngokuba zii-ketone.

Xa iitoni zisakha egazini, zenza igazi libe neasidi eninzi. Iitoni ezininzi zingawutyhefa umzimba zikhokelele ekubeni kuquleke okanye kubangele nokufa.

Iimvavanyo zomchamo azikaze zisetyenziselwe ukufumanisa isifo seswekile. Nangona kunjalo, zinokusetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni amanqanaba omntu weetoni zomchamo kunye nomchamo weswekile. Ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isifo seswekile silawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngubani omele kuvavanywe umchamo kwisifo seswekile?

Uvavanyo lomchamo lunokunikwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Ilebhu inokuvavanya umchamo wakho ubukho beswekile kunye neetoni. Ukuba ngaba kukho umchamo, oko kunokuthetha ukuba awuyivelisi ngokwaneleyo i-insulin.

Amanye amayeza eswekile afana ne-canagliflozin (i-Invokana) kunye ne-empagliflozin (i-Jardiance) ibangela ukonyuka kweswekile ukuchitheka ichame. Kubantu abathatha la mayeza, amanqanaba eglucose akufuneki avavanywe ngumchamo kodwa iitoni zokuvavanya zisalungile.

Amanqanaba eglucose

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kuvavanywa umchamo kwiglucose kwakusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa nokujonga isifo seswekile. Ngoku, azisasetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kwakhona.

Ukuze ufumanise isifo seswekile ngokuchanekileyo, ugqirha uya kuxhomekeka kuvavanyo lweswekile yegazi. Uvavanyo lwegazi luchaneke ngakumbi kwaye lunokulinganisa inani elichanekileyo leswekile egazini.

Ngaba ufuna ukukhangela eyakho ekhaya? Ivenkile yokufumana umchamo wasekhaya ekhaya okanye uvavanyo lweglucose ekhaya.

Iiketoni

Ukuvavanywa kwe-ketone yomchamo kuhlala kufanelekile kubantu abanesifo seswekile sokuqala:

• banamanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngaphezulu kweemiligram ezingama-300 kwidesilitha nganye (mg / dL)
• bayagula
• baneempawu zesifo seswekile ketoacidosis (DKA), ubunzima obunzima besifo seswekile

Amanqanaba e-ketone anokujongwa kunye nekhithi yokuvavanya umchamo ekhaya. Uvavanyo lomchamo lweetoni kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukuba ungqinelana neenkcazo ezingentla okanye unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ze-DKA:

• ukugabha okanye ukuziva unesiyezi
• gqolo amanqanaba eswekile aphezulu angaphenduli kunyango
• ukuziva ugula, njengomkhuhlane okanye usulelo
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe okanye ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha
• ukunxanwa kakhulu okanye ukuba nomlomo owomileyo
• ukuchama rhoqo
• umphefumlo onuka “iziqhamo”
• ukudideka okanye ukuziva ngathi ukwi "fog"

Kuya kufuneka uphinde uthathe uvavanyo lwe-ketone yomchamo ukuba:

• ukhulelwe kwaye unesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa
• uceba ukwenza umthambo kwaye inqanaba leglucose yakho liphezulu

Thenga uvavanyo lwe ketone ekhaya.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile, ngakumbi uhlobo lweswekile 1, kufuneka bafumane iingcebiso kugqirha wabo malunga nokuba kufuneka bavavanye nini iietoni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba isifo sikashukela silawulwa kakuhle, akunakucelwa ukuba uhlolisise rhoqo amanqanaba akho e-ketone.

Ukuba uqala ukufumana naziphi na iimpawu njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, amanqanaba eswekile akho ngaphezulu kwama-250 mg / dL, okanye umzimba wakho awuphenduli kwiinaliti ze-insulin, emva koko unokufuna ukuqala ukubeka esweni amanqanaba akho e-ketone.

Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lomchamo?

Phambi kovavanyo lwakho, qiniseka ukuba usele amanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuze ubonelele ngesampuli eyaneleyo yomchamo. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nalo naliphi na iyeza okanye izongezo ozithathayo, kuba ezi zinokuchaphazela iziphumo.

Umchamo ungangcoliseka lula ziibhaktheriya kunye neeseli. Kufuneka ucoce indawo yakho yobuni ngamanzi ngaphambi kokubonelela ngesampulu yomchamo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela kuvavanyo lomchamo?

Unokucelwa ukuba unike isampulu yomchamo ngelixa use-ofisini kagqirha. Iikiti zokuvavanya umchamo ziyafumaneka ukuba zisetyenziswe ekhaya. Uvavanyo lomchamo lulula kwaye alunabungozi. Akufanele uzive ungonwabanga ngexesha lovavanyo.

Kwiofisi kagqirha

Ugqirha wakho uya kunika imiyalelo ngendlela yokunika isampulu kwaye uyishiye phi xa ugqibile. Ngokubanzi, yile nto inokulindeleka ngexesha lovavanyo lomchamo eofisini:

1. Uya kunikwa indebe yeplastiki ebhalwe igama lakho kunye nolunye ulwazi lonyango.
2. Uya kuthatha indebe kwigumbi lokuhlambela labucala kwaye uchamele ikomityi. Sebenzisa indlela "yokubambisa ecocekileyo" ukunqanda ungcoliseko lwebhaktheriya okanye iiseli kulusu lwakho. Ngale ndlela, uya kuqokelela kuphela umchamo wakho phakathi. Ukuphuma komchamo ungangena kwindlu yangasese.
3. Beka isiciko kwindebe uze uhlambe izandla.
4. Yizise indebe naphina apho ugqirha athe makuyishiye xa ugqibile. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, buza umongikazi okanye omnye umsebenzi.
5. Isampulu iya kuthi emva koko ihlalutywe ubukho beswekile kunye neetone. Iziphumo kufuneka zilungile kwakamsinya emva kokuba isampulu inikiwe.

Imichilo yovavanyo lwasekhaya

Uvavanyo lweKetone luyafumaneka kwikhemesti ngaphandle kokuyalelwa, okanye kwi-Intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda umkhombandlela kwiphakheji ngononophelo okanye uhambe ngendlela yokusebenzisa imitya kunye nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokwenza uvavanyo.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umtya wovavanyo, jonga ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayiphelelwa lixesha okanye iphelelwe lixesha.

Ngokubanzi, kuvavanywa ekhaya kumchamo kubandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Qala ngokufunda imiyalelo yomenzi.
2. Chamela kwisitya esicocekileyo.
3. Dipha umtya kumchamo. Imichilo yambathiswe ngamachiza asabela ngeetoni. Hlanganisa umchamo ogqithiseleyo kumgca.
4. Lindela iphedi yokutshintsha ukuze utshintshe umbala. Imiyalelo eza nemitya kufuneka ikuxelele ukuba ulinde ixesha elingakanani. Unokufuna ukubukela iwotshi okanye isibali-xesha.
5. Thelekisa umbala womtya kunye netshathi yombala kwiphakheji. Oku kukunika uluhlu lwexabiso leetoni ezifumaneka kumchamo wakho.
6. Ngokukhawuleza bhala phantsi iziphumo zakho.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zam zovavanyo lomchamo?

Abantu abasempilweni ngokubanzi akufuneki babeneglucose kumchamo wabo konke konke. Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa ubukho beswekile kumchamo wakho, kuya kufuneka uxoxe ngezizathu ezinokubakho nogqirha wakho.

Ukuvavanywa komchamo akuvavanyi amanqanaba akho egazi eswekile. Inokubonelela kuphela ngolwazi lokuba ingaba i-glucose ichitheka kumchamo wakho. Ikwabonisa imeko yeswekile yegazi lakho kwiiyure ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.

Uvavanyo lweglucose luvavanyo lokuqala olusetyenziselwa ukumisela amanqanaba eglucose.

Zithini iziphumo zam zovavanyo lomchamo we-urine?

Ukubeka iliso kumanqanaba e-ketone kumchamo kubalulekile ukuba une-1 yeswekile. Iiketoni zibonakala ngokuxhaphakileyo kumchamo wabantu abane-1 yeswekile kunabantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2.

Ukuba uxelelwe ukuba ujonge ietoni zakho, cela iqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba likuncede uphuhlise isicwangciso sokuba wenzeni ukuba ufumanisa ietoni kumchamo wakho.

Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo okanye umkhondo weetoni kumchamo ungaphantsi kwe-0.6 millimoles ilitha nganye (mmol / L), ngokweNational Health Service (NHS).

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zithetha ukuba uneetoni kumchamo wakho. Ukufundwa kuhlala kudweliswa kuncinci, kumodareyitha, okanye kukhulu.

Incinci ukuya kumodareyitha

Inqanaba le-ketone ye-0.6 ukuya kwi-1.5 mmol / L (10 ukuya kwi-30 mg / dL) ithathwa njengencinci ukuba imodareyithwe. Esi siphumo sinokuthetha ukuba i-ketone buildup iyaqala. Kuya kufuneka uphinde uvavanye kwiiyure ezimbalwa.

Ngeli xesha, sela amanzi amaninzi ngaphambi kovavanyo. Sukuzilolonga ukuba amanqanaba eglucose egazini nawo aphezulu. Indlala inokubangela inani elincinci leetoni kumchamo, ke thintela ukutsiba ukutya.

Moderate ukuya enkulu

Inqanaba le-ketone ye-1.6 ukuya kwi-3.0 mmol / L (30 ukuya kwi-50 mg / dL) ithathwa njengephakathi ukuya kubukhulu. Esi siphumo sinokubonisa ukuba isifo sakho seswekile asilawulwa kakuhle.

Okwangoku, kuya kufuneka ubize ugqirha wakho okanye ufumane unyango.

Inkulu kakhulu

Inqanaba le-ketone elingaphezulu kwe-3.0 mmol / L (50 mg / dL) linokubonisa ukuba unayo i-DKA. Le yimeko esongela ubomi kwaye ifuna unyango kwangoko. Yiya ngqo kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba amanqanaba akho makhulu kangaka.

Ngaphandle kwamanqanaba amakhulu e-ketone kumchamo, iimpawu ze-ketoacidosis zibandakanya:

• ukugabha
• isicaphucaphu
• ukudideka
• ivumba lokuphefumla elichazwa njenge "siqhamo"

I-Ketoacidosis inokubangela ukudumba kwengqondo, isiqaqa, kunye nokufa xa inganyangwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lomchamo kwisifo seswekile?

Ukuba i-glucose okanye i-ketone zifumaneka kumchamo ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukumisela ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka. Oku kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lweglucose yegazi.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuhamba nesicwangciso sakho sonyango ukuba unesifo seswekile. Ungawalawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngoncedo luka:

• ulawulo lokutya
• umthambo
• amayeza
• ukuvavanywa kweglucose yegazi ekhaya

Ukuba unesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1, unokufuneka ubeke iliso rhoqo kumanqanaba e-ketone kumchamo wakho usebenzisa umtya wovavanyo lwasekhaya. Ukuba amanqanaba e-ketone aba maninzi kakhulu, unokuphuhlisa i-DKA.

Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba uneetoni ezincinci okanye ezilinganiselweyo, landela isicwangciso osimisileyo kunye neqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo. Ukuba unamanqanaba amakhulu eetoni kumchamo wakho, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo kwangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka.

I-DKA iya kunyangwa nge-intravenous (IV) fluid kunye ne-insulin.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento enokwenziwa ukukhusela iziqendu ezizayo. Ukugcina umkhondo weziphumo zakho kunye neemeko ezibangelwe sisiqendu seetoni ezinkulu kunokukunceda wena nogqirha uhlengahlengise isicwangciso sonyango seswekile.