Yintoni i-bicuspid aortic valve, kutheni isenzeka kwaye inyangwa njani

Umxholo

• Zintoni izizathu
• Indlela yokuchonga
• Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uziqhelanise nemisebenzi yomzimba?

I-bicuspid aortic valve sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso, esivela xa ivelufa ye-aortic inamaphetshana ama-2, endaweni ye-3, njengoko kufanelekile, imeko exhaphakileyo, njengoko ikho malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-2% yabemi.

I-bicuspid aortic valve ayinakubanga zimpawu okanye naluphi na uhlobo lotshintsho, nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu inokuvela kunye nobunzima ngokuhamba kwexesha, njenge-aortic stenosis, ukungabikho kwe-aortic, i-aneurysm okanye i-endocarditis esosulelayo, enokubangela ukuba nesiyezi, ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukungabikho komoya , umzekelo.

Ezi ngxaki zenzeka ngenxa yokuba ivelufa ye-bicuspid ichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuhamba kokuhamba kwegazi, okunokubangela ukonzakala. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwenziwe kamsinya nje ukuba luchongwe, ngesikhokelo esivela kugqirha wentliziyo, onokubonisa iimviwo zonyaka, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okanye utyando ukubuyisela ivalve.

Zintoni izizathu

Nabani na unokuzalwa ene-bicuspid aortic valve, njengoko ezona zizathu zangoku azikacaciswa. Esi sisiphene esiphuhliswe ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kombungu kwisibeleko soomama, ixesha apho kukho ukudityaniswa kwezivalo ezimbini, ukwenza enye. Oku mhlawumbi kungenxa yoonobangela bemfuza, ngamanye amatyala azuzwe njengelifa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni.

Ukongeza, i-bicuspid aortic valve inokuvela yodwa okanye inxulunyaniswe nokunye ukungalunganga kwentliziyo, njengokuphambuka komthambo kunye nokwanda kwe-aorta, ukuphazamiseka kwe-aortic arch, i-interventricular septal defect, iMaritima's syndrome okanye i-Turner's syndrome, umzekelo.

Intliziyo iqulethe iivevithi ezi-4, ezilawula ukuhamba kwegazi ukuze intliziyo ikwazi ukupompa zombini emiphungeni nakulo lonke umzimba, ukuze ilandele icala elinye kwaye ingabuyeli kwicala elahlukileyo ngexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo, nangona kunjalo, ezi zivalo zinokuba neziphene ngexesha lokwenziwa kweli lungu. Iziphene zevalve zezona zinto zibangela ukukrokra kwentliziyo, ukuqonda ukuba yintoni, oonobangela kunye nendlela yokunyanga le ngxaki.

Indlela yokuchonga

I-bicuspid aortic valve inokusebenza ngesiqhelo, ayisiyiyo inkqubela phambili yesifo, ngenxa yoko inani elikhulu labantu abanale ngxaki abanazo iimpawu. Ngokubanzi, kwezi meko, ugqirha unokufumana utshintsho ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo, apho ukukhalaza okunesandi esivakalayo kunokuviwa xa kubetha ukubetha kwentliziyo, okubizwa ngokuba kukucofa i-systolic ejection.

Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-1/3 yamatyala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ivelufa ye-bicuspid ibonise utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwayo, ihlala ikhulile, eguqula ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye inokubangela iimpawu ezinje:

• Ukudinwa;
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Isiyezi;
• Ngokucofa;
• Ukufa isiqaqa.

Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci, kuxhomekeke kubukhali botshintsho olubangelwe kunye nefuthe lazo ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-bicuspid aortic valve, ugqirha wentliziyo uya kucela i-echocardiogram, eluvavanyo olukwaziyo ukuchonga zombini ukumila kwezivalo zentliziyo kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo. Qonda indlela eyenziwa ngayo i-echocardiogram kwaye xa kufuneka njalo.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

Iingxaki ezinokuthi zibekho kumntu one-bicuspid aortic valve yile:

• IAortic stenosis;
• Ukungabikho kwe-aortic;
• Ukuthanjiswa kwe-aortic okanye ukwahlukana;
• I-endocarditis echaphazelayo.

Ngaphandle kokuvela nje kwiimeko ezimbalwa, olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka nakubani na onale meko, kuba uxinzelelo loomatshini ngexesha lokudlula kwegazi likhulu kakhulu kwabo bane-bicuspid valve. Ubukho beengxaki bukhulu ngaphezulu kweminyaka, kwaye bukhulu kubantu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ngokubanzi, umntu one-bicuspid aortic valve angakhokelela kubomi obuqhelekileyo, njengoko olu tshintsho aluhlali lubangela iimpawu okanye iimpembelelo kumandla omzimba womntu. Kwezi meko, kulandelwa unyaka nonyaka ugqirha wezentliziyo, oya kuthi acele i-echocardiogram, i-X-ray yesifuba, i-ECG, i-holter kunye nolunye uvavanyo olunokwazi ukuchonga utshintsho okanye ukuwohloka kwemeko, ukuba ikho.

Unyango oluchanekileyo lwenziwa ngotyando, kwaye iinkqubo ezibandakanya ukwanda, ukulungiswa okuncinci okanye nokuhlinzwa kotshintsho lwevalve kungabonakaliswa, apho uhlalutyo oluqinileyo lobume bevalve, utshintsho lwayo kunye nokuzinikela kwayo kwinkqubo kubalulekile. , kubaluleke kakhulu ukumisela uhlobo olulungileyo lotyando, ekufuneka lubonakalise umntu ngamnye, kuvavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nezifo umntu ngamnye anazo.

Ivalve ingatshintshwa yivalve yoomatshini okanye yebhayoloji, eboniswa ngugqirha wezentliziyo nogqirha wentliziyo. Ukuchacha emva kotyando kuthatha ixesha, kufuna ixesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele malunga neeveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2, ukongeza ekuphumleni nasekutyeni okunezondlo. Jonga ukuba injani imeko yokuchacha emva kotyando lwe-aortic valve.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokucebisa nangokusetyenziswa kwamayeza, njengeziyobisi ezichasayo, i-beta-blockers okanye i-ACE inhibitors, okanye ii-statins, umzekelo, njengendlela yokunciphisa iimpawu okanye ukulibazisa ukwanda kweenguqu zentliziyo, ukutshaya ukuyeka, Uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nolawulo lwecholesterol kuyacetyiswa.

Ukongeza, abantu abane-valve ye-bicuspid banokufuna i-antibiotic prophylaxis, besebenzisa ama-antibiotics ngamaxesha athile ukukhusela usulelo ngeebhaktheriya ezibangela i-endocarditis echaphazelayo. Qonda ukuba yintoni kunye nendlela yokunyanga i-endocarditis.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uziqhelanise nemisebenzi yomzimba?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu one-bicuspid aortic valve unokuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi yomzimba kwaye akhokele ubomi obuqhelekileyo, kwaye kunokubakho izithintelo kuphela kwiimeko apho isigulana siqhubela phambili neengxaki, ezinje ngokuthamba okanye ukunciphisa ivalve, okanye utshintsho ukusebenza kwentliziyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugqirha wokuzilolonga ngokomzimba kunye nolu tshintsho enze uvavanyo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha kunye novavanyo lwe-cardiologist kunye ne-echocardiogram, ukuze kubekwe iliso ekusebenzeni kwevalvu kwaye ukuba kukho uguquko nakweyiphi na ingxaki.

Ukongeza, iimbaleki ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ngenxa yemizamo ephezulu eyenziwe, inokukhulisa "intliziyo yembaleki", apho umntu eneenguqu zomzimba eziguqukayo entliziyweni, enokuthi inyuse isithuba somqala kunye nokuqina kwentliziyo udonga. Olu tshintsho aluhlali luqhubela phambili kwisifo sentliziyo, kwaye zihlala zibuyiselwa umva ngokwenza umthambo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kubekho ingqwalaselo engqongqo kolu tshintsho kuvavanyo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha yi-cardiologist.