Kuthetha Ukuthini Xa Umhlaza Wamaphaphu Omhlaza Wamanqanaba eSigaba esiBanzi

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Inqanaba elibanzi leSCLC
• Unyango lwenqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
• Imitha
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango
• Unyango oluxhasayo
• Imbonakalo yeqonga elibanzi leSCLC
• Ukukhetha unyango
• Ukuhlala kwinqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC
• Unonophelo lonyango
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Amaninzi omhlaza anezigaba ezine, kodwa umhlaza omncinci wesifo somhlaza (SCLC) ngokubanzi wahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amabini-inqanaba elincinci kunye nenqanaba elandisiweyo.

Ukwazi inqanaba kukunika umbono malunga nokujonga ngokubanzi kwaye ulindele ntoni kunyango. Xa uthatha isigqibo ngamanyathelo alandelayo, inqanaba ayisiyiyo kuphela ingqalelo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthi abonise ubudala bakho, impilo iyonke, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo ngokubhekisele kumgangatho wobomi bakho.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba nenqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC.

Inqanaba elibanzi leSCLC

Inqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC lisasazeke kude nethumba lokuqala. Ugqirha wakho uya kufumanisa i-SCLC ebanzi xa umhlaza:

• ixhaphake kuwo wonke umphunga
• iye yanwenwela komnye umphunga
• uhlasele indawo phakathi kwemiphunga
• ifikelele kwii-lymph node kwelinye icala lesifuba
• ifikelele kumongo wethambo okanye kwiindawo ezikude ezinje ngengqondo, amadlala adrenal, okanye isibindi

Kuba kuhlala kungekho zimpawu zakuqala, malunga nabantu aba-2 kwabathathu abane-SCLC banezifo ezimbaxa ngexesha lokuchongwa.

I-SCLC eqhubekayo ngumhlaza obuyileyo emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe.

Unyango lwenqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC

Unyango ngamayeza

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza usasazekile, olona nyango luphambili kwinqanaba le-SCLC yichemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy luhlobo lonyango lwenkqubo. Ayijolisanga ithumba elithile okanye indawo yomzimba. Ifuna kwaye ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza nokuba ziphi na. Inganciphisa amathumba kunye nenkqubela phambili ecothayo.

Ezinye zeziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa i-SCLC zezi:

• icarboplatin
• cisplatin
• etoposide
• kwiincutshen

Ngokwesiqhelo, amachiza amabini asetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo.

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

Iziyobisi ze-Immunotherapy ezinje ngeatezolizumab zinokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nechemotherapy, njengonyango lokugcina, okanye xa ichemotherapy ingasasebenzi.

Imitha

Kwinqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC, i-radiation esifubeni ihlala yenziwa kuphela ukuba unempendulo elungileyo kwi-chemotherapy.

Unyango ngemitha lungasetyenziselwa ukujolisa kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba apho umhlaza usasazeke khona. Oku kunokunceda ukuncipha amathumba ukuphucula iimpawu kunye nokwandisa ubomi bakho.

Nokuba umhlaza awusasazekanga kwingqondo yakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngemitha kwingqondo (iprophylactic cranial irradiation). Oku kunokuthintela umhlaza ekusasazeni apho.

Umhlaza emiphungeni ungakhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla. Xa oko kusenzeka, unyango lwe-radiation okanye utyando lwe-laser lunokusetyenziswa. Injongo ayisiyokuyinyanga, kodwa kukuphucula iimpawu kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

I-SCLC kunzima ukuyinyanga. Unokufuna ukuqaphela iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zeearhente zekhemotherapy, ii-immunotherapies, okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango ezingafumanekiyo ngenye indlela. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi, ugqirha wakho unokufumanisa ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olunokuba ngumdlalo ofanelekileyo kuwe.

Unyango oluxhasayo

Ukongeza, unokufuna ukhathalelo lokuxhasa (palliative) ukujongana neempawu ezithile. Umzekelo:

• i-bronchodilators ukwandisa i-airways yemiphunga yakho
• Unyango lweoksijini
• iintlungu ziyadambisa
• icorticosteroids
• amayeza zesisu

Unokusebenza kunye nengcali yokutya ukuze ufumane inkxaso yesondlo.

Imbonakalo yeqonga elibanzi leSCLC

I-Chemotherapy inokusebenza ekunciphiseni i-SCLC. Abantu abaninzi baya kufumana ukukhululeka kwempawu.

Nokuba umhlaza uyancipha ukuya kuthi ga apho iimvavanyo zokucinga zingenakufumana, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi acebise unyango. Kungenxa yokuba i-SCLC sisifo esihlaselayo esiphantse sibuyele rhoqo.

Ngelixa lungekho unyango kunyango lwe-SCLC ebanzi, unyango lunokunceda ukuqhubela phambili kancinci kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Ukukhetha unyango

Zininzi iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ze-SCLC, kunye nezinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukongeza kwinqanaba, ugqirha wakho uya kuncoma unyango olusekelwe:

• apho umhlaza usasazeke (ukosuleleka komzimba) kwaye ngawaphi amalungu achaphazelekayo
• ubukhali beempawu
• iminyaka yakho
• ukhetho lomntu

I-Chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation kungakhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibonakalayo, nakubantu abasempilweni. Impilo yakho iyakukhokela izigqibo malunga namachiza ekhemotherapy kunye nedosi.

Bekela bucala ixesha lokuba nengxoxo enzulu kunye ne-oncologist yakho. Inganceda ukubandakanya amalungu osapho okanye abanye abantu esibathandayo. Fumana uluvo olulungileyo kuhlobo ngalunye lonyango, into omele uyilindele kubo, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Buza malunga namalungiselelo onyango kunye nendlela eya kubuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho imihla ngemihla. Umgangatho wobomi bakho ubalulekile. Into oyifunayo ibalulekile. Khuthaza ugqirha wakho ukuba athethe ngokucacileyo ukuze wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuba i-chemotherapy okanye iimvavanyo zeklinikhi azikulungelanga, ungaqhubeka nokufumana ukhathalelo oluxhasayo. Endaweni yokuzama ukunyanga umhlaza okanye inkqubela phambili ecothayo, ukhathalelo oluxhasayo lujolise kulawulo lweempawu kunye nokugcina olona mgangatho uphambili wobomi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukuhlala kwinqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC

Ukuhlala kwinqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC kunokuba nzima. Kodwa zikhona iindlela zokumelana nesi sifo kwaye uphile ubomi bakho ngokupheleleyo.

Abanye abantu bakufumanisa kuluncedo ukubona ugqirha oza kunceda ekuhleleni iimvakalelo zabo. Oku kunokuba luncedo kubathandekayo abanobunzima.

Abantu abaninzi bafumana intuthuzelo kumaqela enkxaso, nokuba bakwi-intanethi okanye kwiintlanganiso zabantu. Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kumaqela akummandla wakho, okanye unokufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kule mibutho:

• Umbutho woMhlaza waseMelika
• Umbutho waseMelika wemiphunga
• Umhlaza ukhathalelo

Ukufumana unyango kubalulekile, kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele. Ziphathe ngokwakho kwimisebenzi enentsingiselo kuwe. Ufanele kwaye iya kuba negalelo kumgangatho wobomi bakho.

Unonophelo lonyango

Nokuba ukhetha i-chemotherapy okanye awukhethi, uya kufuna ukhathalelo oluxhasayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukhathalelo lokuthomalalisa.

Ukhathalelo lokunyanga alunyangi umhlaza ngokwawo kodwa luzama ukukunceda ugcine olona hlobo lobomi lubalaseleyo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukhululeka kwentlungu, uncedo lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwexinzelelo. Iqela lakho lokunyamekela liquka:

• oogqirha
• abongikazi
• oonontlalontle
• iingcali zonyango

Ukuba iindlela zakho zomoya zithintelwe, unokuba:

• Unyango lwe-Photodynamic. Olu nyango lusebenzisa ichiza elibizwa ngokuba yi-photosensitizer kunye nokuvezwa kukukhanya kumaqondo athile e-wavevel. Uya kuhlala phantsi njengesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscope sidluliswa emqaleni nasemiphungeni yakho. Inkqubo inokukunceda uvule indlela yakho yomoya.
• Unyango lweLaser. Sebenzisa i-laser esiphelweni se-bronchoscope, ugqirha unokutshisa iinxalenye zethumba kude. Uya kudinga ukuba ube phantsi kweanesthesia ngokubanzi.
• Ukuqina. Ugqirha unokubeka ityhubhu ebizwa ngokuba yi-stent kwindlela yakho yomoya ukukunceda uphefumle.

Ukuchithwa kwe-Pleural kuxa unokwakheka kolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga yakho. Inokunyangwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-thoracentesis. Kule nkqubo, inaliti ebunjiweyo ibekwa kwisithuba esiphakathi kweembambo zokukhupha ulwelo.

Kukwakho neenkqubo ezininzi zokugcina ulwelo lungakhi kwakhona:

• Imichiza pleurodesis. Ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu engenamngxuma kudonga lwesifuba ukuze kuphume ulwelo. Emva koko kungeniswa imichiza yokwenza ukuba ulwelo lomphunga kunye nodonga lwesifuba lunamathele kunye kwaye kuthintele ulwakhiwo lwexesha elizayo.
• I-pleurodesis yotyando. Ngexesha lotyando, iyeza elifana nomxube we-talc livuthelwa kwindawo ejikeleze imiphunga. Iyeza lenza izicwili ezibomvu ukuba zenze, ezenza umphunga unamathele esifubeni. Oku kunceda ukuvala indawo apho ulwelo lunokuqokelela khona.
• Ipayipi. Ugqirha ubeka ipayitili lesifuba esifubeni aze ayishiye ngaphandle komzimba. Ulwelo luhlala lutsalwa luye ebhotileni.

Ukuba ulwelo luyakha lujikeleze intliziyo yakho, ezi nkqubo zinokunceda:

• UPericardiocentesis. Ukhokelwa yi-echocardiogram, ugqirha ubeka inaliti kwindawo ejikeleze intliziyo ukukhupha ulwelo.
• Ifestile yePericardial. Ngexesha lenkqubo, ugqirha wotyando ususa inxenye yesaka ejikeleze intliziyo. Oku kuvumela ukuba ulwelo luye kwisifuba okanye esiswini.

Kwizidudla ezikhula ngaphandle kwemiphunga, unyango lwemitha lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iintlungu.

Ukuthatha

Inqanaba elibanzi le-SCLC lithetha ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke kude nethumba. Akukho lunyango lwalolu hlobo lomhlaza, kodwa unyango luyafumaneka ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokwandisa ubomi bakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kuncoma isicwangciso sonyango ngokusekelwe kwisifo sakho kunye nempilo yonke.